German submarine U-221: Difference between revisions

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Line 28: \|Ship class=[[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC\|Type VIIC]] [[submarine]] \|Ship displacement= {{convert\|769\|t\|LT\|0\|lk=on}} surfaced {{convert\|871\|t\|LT\|0\|abbr=on}} submerged \|Ship length= Line 45: 2 × [[diesel engine]]s 2 × [[Motor-generator\|electric motors]] \|~~ship~~Ship speed= {{convert\|17.7\|kn\|lk=in}} surfaced {{convert\|7.6\|kn}} submerged Line 72: [[7th U-boat Flotilla]] 1 September 1942 – 27 September 1943 \|codes=M 45 566 \|commanders= ''[[Kptlt.]]'' [[Hans-Hartwig Trojer]] Line 100: ==Design== [[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC\|German Type VIIC submarines]] were preceded by the shorter [[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIB\|Type VIIB submarines]]. ''U-221'' had a displacement of {{convert\|769\|t\|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert\|871\|t\|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn\|Gröner\|1991\|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert\|67.10\|m\|ftin\|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert\|50.50\|m\|ftin\|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)\|beam]] of {{convert\|6.20\|m\|ftin\|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert\|9.60\|m\|ftin\|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)\|draught]] of {{convert\|4.74\|m\|ftin\|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[Germaniawerft]] F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder [[supercharged]] [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert\|2800 to 3200\|PS\|kW shp\|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[AEG (German company)\|AEG]] GU 460/8–27 [[Motor–generator\|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert\|750\|PS\|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert\|1.23\|m\|ft\|abbr=on\|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert\|230\|m}}.{{sfn\|Gröner\|1991\|pp=43-46}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert\|17.7\|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert\|7.6\|kn}}.{{sfn\|Gröner\|1991\|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert\|80\|nmi}} at {{convert\|4\|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert\|8500\|nmi}} at {{convert\|10\|kn}}. ''U-221'' was fitted with five {{convert\|53.3\|cm\|in\|0\|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen [[torpedo]]es, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun\|{{convert\|8.8\|cm\|in\|2\|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun]], 220 rounds, and a [[2 cm FlaK 30\|{{convert\|2\|cm\|in\|sp=us\|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a [[Ship's company\|complement]] of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn\|Gröner\|1991\|pp=43-46}} Line 122: ==Third patrol== Her third sortie was more fruitful. The ''Jamaica'' was destroyed on 7 March 1943. This ship took just two minutes to ~~find~~sink. aAs ~~watery~~survivors ~~grave~~took to the boats, ~~followed~~Trojer surfaced and took the ship's 4th Engineer prisoner, but on March 21, the man, during an exercise period, jumped overboard and was lost.<ref name="Harmes">{{cite book \|last=Franks \|first=Norman L.R.\|date=1997 \|title=Dark sky, deep water \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=M74hAQAAIAAJ&q=U-373+%C2%A0nielsen+liberator \|location=[[Lanham, Maryland]] \|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] \|page=94 \|isbn= 978-1442232853 \|access-date=6 August 2023 }}</ref> The boat bysank ''Tucurina'' on the tenth, southeast of [[Cape Farewell, Greenland\|Cape Farewell]], ([[Greenland]]). In the same attack, the U-boat sank ''Andrea F. Luckenbach'' and damaged {{SS\|Lawton B. Evans}} (probably due to a dud torpedo). Retribution was swift; the convoy's escorts from [[List of World War II convoys\|HX 228]] caused some damage to ''U-221''. Repairs were carried out at sea, enabling the boat to sink two more ships on 18 March; ''Canadian Star'' and ''Walter Q. Gresham'' were added to her list of 'kills'. Line 309: {{Refbegin}} {{Cite book \|last1=Busch \|first1=Rainer \|title=German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary \|last2=Röll \|first2=Hans-Joachim \|publisher=Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press \|year=1999 \|isbn=1-55750-186-6 \|location=London, Annapolis, Md \|translator-last=Brooks \|translator-first=Geoffrey }} {{Cite book \|last1=Busch \|first1=Rainer \|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 \|last2=Röll \|first2=Hans-Joachim \|~~work~~series=Der U-Boot-Krieg \|publisher=Mittler \|year=1999 \|isbn=3-8132-0514-2 \|volume=IV \|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn \|language=German \|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 }} {{Cite book \|last=Edwards \|first=Bernard \|title=Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War \|publisher=Cassell Military Classics \|year=1996 \|isbn=0-304-35203-9 \|pages=132, 173, 208 \|ref={{sfnRef\|Edwards}}}} {{Cite book \|last1=Gröner \|first1=Erich \|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels \|last2=Jung \|first2=Dieter \|last3=Maass \|first3=Martin \|~~work~~series=German Warships 1815–1945 \|publisher=Conway Maritime Press \|year=1991 \|isbn=0-85177-593-4 \|volume=2 \|location=London \|translator-last=Thomas \|translator-first=Keith \|ref=CITEREFGröner1991 \|translator-last2=Magowan \|translator-first2=Rachel}} {{Cite book \|last=Kemp \|first=Paul \|title=U-boats destroyed : German submarine losses in the World Wars \|date=1999 \|publisher=Arms & Armour \|isbn=1-85409-515-3 \|location=London \|oclc=43972253 }} Line 322: {{German Type VII submarines}} {{September 1943 shipwrecks}} ~~{{Subject bar~~ ~~\| portal1=Military of Germany~~ ~~\| portal2=World War II~~ }} {{coord\|47\|0\|N\|18\|0\|W\|display=title}}