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Cultural appropriation is considered harmful by various groups and individuals,<ref name=Scafidi>{{cite book |title=Who Owns Culture?: Appropriation and Authenticity in American Law (Rutgers Series: The Public Life of the Arts) |last=Scafidi |first=Susan |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2005}}</ref> including some Indigenous people working for cultural preservation,<ref name="LDNwar1">Mesteth, Wilmer, et al (10 June 1993) "[http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/articles/ladecwar.htm Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality]". {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209203058/http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/articles/ladecwar.htm |date=9 February 2016 }}. "At the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a 'Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality'. The following declaration was unanimously passed."</ref><ref name="HopiDances">{{cite news |url=http://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/hopis-say-boy-scout-performances-make-mockery-of-tradition-religion/article_d548665e-5767-5132-93e9-5d041b935d42.html |title=Hopis say Boy Scout performances make mockery of tradition, religion |first=Anne |last=Constable |date=3 January 2016 |website=Santa Fe New Mexican |access-date=23 February 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109072709/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/hopis-say-boy-scout-performances-make-mockery-of-tradition-religion/article_d548665e-5767-5132-93e9-5d041b935d42.html |url-status=live }}</ref> those who advocate for [[Indigenous intellectual property|collective intellectual property rights]] of the originating cultures,<ref name=AusParliament>{{cite web |title=Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights – Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Appropriation |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/about_parliament/parliamentary_departments/parliamentary_library/pubs/rp/rp9697/97rp20#PROPERT |last1=Davis |first1=Michael |publisher=Parliament of Australia – Social Policy Group |date=1997 |access-date=2 September 2019 |website=Parliament of Australia |quote=In a general sense, these rights are considered to be 'owned', and managed communally, or collectively, rather than inhering in particular individuals. |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224150814/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/RP9697/97rp20#PROPERT |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CollectivePanama>"[https://www.wipo.int/tk/en/databases/tklaws/articles/article_0107.html Special System for the Collective Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418163813/https://www.wipo.int/tk/en/databases/tklaws/articles/article_0107.html |date=2019-04-18 }} at World Intellectual Property Organization. Accessed 18 April 2019.</ref><ref name=CollectiveSantilli>Santilli, Juliana. 2006. "[https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/10728?locale-attribute=fr Cultural Heritage and Collective Intellectual Property Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418163825/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/10728?locale-attribute=fr |date=2019-04-18 }}". Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes; No. 95. World Bank, Washington, DC. Accessed 18 April 2019.</ref><ref name=Tsosie /> and some of those who have lived or are living under colonial rule.<ref name="Fourmile268-9" /><ref name="UNDRIP">Working Group on Indigenous Populations, accepted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]], ''[http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/512/07/PDF/N0651207.pdf?OpenElement Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples]''. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112013/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/512/07/PDF/N0651207.pdf?OpenElement |date=26 June 2015 }}; UN Headquarters; New York City (13 September 2007).</ref><ref name=Rainforest>Rainforest Aboriginal Network (1993) ''Julayinbul: Aboriginal Intellectual and Cultural Property Definitions, Ownership and Strategies for Protection''. Rainforest Aboriginal Network. Cairns. Page 65.</ref><ref name=Tsosie /> According to some critics of the practice,{{who|date=June 2024}} cultural appropriation differs from [[acculturation]], [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]], or equal cultural exchange in that this appropriation is a form of [[colonialism]].
Those who see this appropriation as an exploitative state that cultural elements are lost or distorted when they are removed from their originating cultural contexts and that such displays are disrespectful or even a form of desecration.<ref name="Houska" /> Cultural elements that may have deep meaning in the original culture may be reduced to "[[Exoticism|exotic]]" fashion or toys by those from the dominant culture.<ref name="Houska" /><ref name="Culture and cultural appropriation" /><ref name=KJohnson>Johnson, Kjerstin (25 October 2011) "[http://bitchmagazine.org/post/costume-cultural-appropriation Don't Mess Up When You Dress Up: Cultural Appropriation and Costumes]". {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629193134/http://bitchmagazine.org/post/costume-cultural-appropriation |date=June 29, 2015 }}; at ''[[Bitch Magazine]]''. Accessed 4 March 2015. "Dressing up as 'another culture', is racist, and an act of privilege. Not only does it lead to offensive, inaccurate, and stereotypical portrayals of other people's culture ... but is also an act of appropriation in which someone who does not experience that oppression is able to 'play', temporarily, an 'exotic' other, without experience any of the daily discriminations faced by other cultures."</ref> Kjerstin Johnson has written that, when this is done, the imitator, "who does not experience that oppression is able to 'play', temporarily, an 'exotic' other, without experiencing any of the daily discriminations faced by other cultures".<ref name=KJohnson /> The [[black American]] academic, musician, and journalist [[Greg Tate]] argued that appropriation and the "fetishising" of cultures, in fact, alienate those whose culture is being appropriated.<ref>{{cite book |title=Black Popular Culture |last=Wallace |first=Michele |publisher=Bay Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-1-56584-459-9 |location=Seattle |pages=13–15}}</ref>
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