A county commission (or a board of county commissioners) is a group of elected officials collectively charged with administering the county government in some states of the United States; such commissions usually comprising three to five members.[1] In some counties within Georgia, however, a sole commissioner holds the authority of the commission.
Each commission acts as the executive of the local government, levying local taxes, administering county governmental services such as correctional institutions, courts, public health oversight, property registration, building code enforcement, and public works (e.g. road maintenance). The system has been supplanted in large part, as disparate sparsely-settled regions become urbanized and establish tighter local governmental control, usually in municipalities, though in many of the more rural states, the county commission retains more control, and even in some urbanized areas, may be responsible for significant government services.
Various counties nationwide have explored expanding from three members to five.[2][3][4]
History
William Penn, colonial founder of Pennsylvania is credited with originating the system of County Commissioners in the United States.
On February 28, 1681, Charles II granted a charter for a proprietary colony[5] to William Penn to repay a debt of £16,000[6] (around £2,100,000 in 2008 currency, adjusting for retail inflation)[7] owed to William's father, Admiral William Penn. This was one of the largest land grants made in history, to one individual.[8] The colony was to be called Pennsylvania. Penn established a government with two innovations that were much copied in the New World: the county commission, and freedom of religious conviction.[8]
New Jersey previously referred to county commissioners as freeholders, but its practice ended in 2021.[9][10]
See also
- County board of supervisors
- County council
- County executive
- Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey; formerly known as the Board of chosen freeholders)
- Commissioners' Court (Texas and Missouri; identical concept known in Arkansas as "Quorum Court")
- Fiscal Court (Kentucky)
- Police Jury (Louisiana)
- Sole commissioner
References and footnotes
- ^ Kelly, John (2010-03-23). "What does a county board of commissioners do?". HowStuffWorks. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ "Senate passes 5 county commissioners bill with 'tweak' | The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ "Editorial: What's better than three commissioners? Five". Boulder Daily Camera. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ Devine, Jacqueline (2018-03-09). "Board of County Commissioners turns down motion to increase board from 3 members to 5". Alamogordo Daily News. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania-1681. This charter, granted by Charles II (England) to William Penn, constituted him and his heirs as proprietors of the province, which, in honor of his father, Admiral William Penn, (whose cash advances and services were thus requited) was called Pennsylvania. To perfect his title, William Penn purchased, on 1682-08-24, a quit-claim from the Duke of York to the lands west of the Delaware River embraced in his patent of 1664
- ^ Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Governors, ed. (1916). "Samuel Carpenter". Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Governors, Volume 1. pp. 180–181.
- ^ "Measuring Worth". Measuring Worth. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ a b "Quakers and the political process". Pym.org. March 28, 2006. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "'Freeholder' Title Abolished In New Jersey". Long Valley, NJ Patch. 2020-08-21. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
- ^ Writer, MICHELLE BRUNETTI POST Staff. "Murphy signs bill into law to change "freeholder" title to "commissioner"". Press of Atlantic City. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
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