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===U.S. and Allied land forces===
[[File:Chinese Sherman.jpg|thumb|left|Chinese M4A4 Sherman in the CBI Battlefield]]
US forces in the CBI were administered by General [[Joseph Stilwell|Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell]]. However, unlike other combat theaters, for example the [[European Theater of Operations]], the CBI was never a "[[theater of operations]]" and did not have an overall operational command structure. Initially U.S. land units were split. Those in China were technically commanded by [[Generalissimo]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]],{{sfn|Matloff|1990|page=442}} as Stillwell was Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander in China. When the GALAHAD force (later to become the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional)) arrived in Bombay in October 1943, it came under the British-led [[South East Asia Command]] (SEAC) and Admiral [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten]].<ref>{{Cite web |
When joint allied command was agreed upon, it was decided that the senior position should be held by a British officer because the British had the greatest number of forces in India and Burma (in much the same way as the US did in the [[Pacific War]]). Admiral Lord Mountbatten was appointed as the Supreme Allied Commander of South-East Asia forces in October 1943. Chiang however later objected to deferring to Mountbatten on matters related to operations in China.<ref>{{cite book |author=U.S. Department of State Bureau of Public Affairs Historical Office |date=1961 |title=Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers: The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran 1943 |url=https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/DFRXSHIYSKS2S8Z |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=United States Government Printing Office}}</ref>
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In the spring of 1944, the arrival of [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]]es in the theater, presaged a major offensive against Japan. [[XX Bomber Command]] of the [[Twentieth Air Force]] was tasked with the strategic bombing of Japan under [[Operation Matterhorn]]. It engaged in very-long-range [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress]] bombardment operations against Japan, [[Taiwan|Formosa]], China, [[Indochina]] and [[Burma]]. It reported directly to the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] in Washington, D.C., and had no command relationship with any authority in India. However, XX Bomber Command remained totally dependent on Eastern Air Command for supplies, bases, ground staff, and infrastructure support.
The B-29 force included the [[1st Photo Squadron (Detachment C)|1st Photo Squadron]], and the [[58th Bombardment Wing]] at [[Chakulia]], [[Kharagpur]], with the [[40th Bombardment Group|40th]] ([[Chakulia Airport]]), [[444th Bombardment Group|444th]], [[462d Bombardment Group|462nd]], and [[468th Bombardment Group]]s.
While in India, XX BC was supported logistically by [[Tenth Air Force]] and the [[India-China Division, Air Transport Command]]. The B-29 groups moved to West Field, [[Tinian]], in early 1945.
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=== Sources ===
* {{citation |first=Maurice |last=Matloff |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/sp1943-44/index.htm |title=Strategic planning for coalition warfare 1943–1944 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |year=1990 |lccn=53-61477 |orig-year=1959 |access-date=7 April 2024
* {{cite web |author=Office of the Chief of Military History |title=Order of Battle of the United States Army Ground Forces In World War II : Pacific Theater of Operations : administrative and logistical commands, armies, corps, and divisions
** China-Burma-India section replicated at https://cbi-theater.com/cbi-history/cbi_history.html
* {{citation |last=Slim |first=William |author-link=William Slim |year=1956 |title = Defeat into Victory |location=London |publisher=Cassell }} a first hand account by the British commander.
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