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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = SAIL-Bhilai Steel Plant
| image = File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_dedicates_the_Modernised_and_Expanded_Bhilai_Steel_Plant_to_the_Nation,_in_Chhattisgarh_on_June_14,_2018._The_Union_Minister_for_Steel,_Shri_Chaudhary_Birender_Singh_is_also_seen.JPG
| image_caption = Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] reveals the Modernised and Expanded Bhilai Steel Plant, in Chhattisgarh on 14 June 2018
| type =
| foundation = 1955
| location = [[Bhilai]], [[Chhattisgarh]],
| industry = Metallurgical Process
| products = Rails, Plates, Structurals, Rebars and Wire Rods
Line 15 ⟶ 16:
| key_people = Anirban Dasgupta (CEO)
}}
The '''Bhilai Steel Plant''' ('''BSP'''), located in [[Bhilai]], in the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]], is [[India]]'s first and main producer of [[steel]] rails, as well as a major producer of wide steel plates and other steel products. The plant also produces steel and markets various chemical by-products from its [[coke oven]]s and coal chemical plant. It was set up with the help of the USSR in
Bhilai Steel Plant
The Bhilai Steel plant was established with Russian collaboration in Durg district of Chhattisgarh and started production in 1959. Agarias, A community of iron smelters helped the discovery of a source of iron ore for Bhilai Steel Plant.
== Impact on local economy and culture ==▼
BSP, when it was established was the primary industrial employer in the Chattisgarh region. Its positive impact on the region is visible on various fronts including Education, Health care , Economy. It was once counted among the largest factories in India. Being a public sector enterprise (i.e. Govt of India being the sole stakeholder in the early days) it provided comprehensive benefits package to its employees with subsidized education, healthcare and housing. Like many Public Sector units, Bhilai had a strong trade union presence, advocating for worker rights and benefits.▼
The planned township was organized as 13 sectors. Several Educational institutes sprung up in the surrounding towns to cater to educational needs of residents. Bhilai also served as a cultural exchange center, with many expatriate Soviet experts and engineers residing in the city in the early days. Bhilai also attracted employees and talent from across India transforming the culture of the area from a primarily rural one, to a cosmopolitan melting pot. Ancillary private factory units grew to process by-products such as slag, scrap and sponge iron, in neighboring cities. Due to its early Soviet engineering roots,▼
== Modernization and expansion programs ==
Bhilai Steel Plant is raising its capacity of steel production through modernization and new projects. The major upcoming project is the commissioning of a giant blast furnace 4,060 cubic meters in volume, with a hot metal production capacity of 8,000 tonnes per day.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant's Modernisation and Expansion Program Gains Momentum|url=http://www.sail.co.in/BSP_list_of_packages_in_CPFR.pdf|work=Steel Authority of India Limited|publisher=SAIL|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503143642/https://www.sail.co.in/BSP_list_of_packages_in_CPFR.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Bhilai Steel Plant has created steel for one of the railway's most challenging projects, construction of the {{convert|345|km|mi|abbr=on}} railway line and plane network between [[Jammu]] and [[Baramulla]] at an investment of {{INRConvert|19000|c}}. BSP has also developed a special grade of TMT rebars for use in the high-altitude tunnel inside the [[Banihal Pass]]. BSP had also developed the special soft iron magnetic plates for the prestigious India-based [[Neutrino detector|Neutrino Observatory]] (INO) project of the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC). It has also developed special grade high-tensile (DMR249A) steel for building India's first indigenously built anti-submarine warfare corvette, [[INS Kamorta]].<ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712">{{cite web | title=GRSE hands over first indigenous warship, INS Kamorta to Indian Navy | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | publisher=Economic Times | date=12 July 2014 | access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> The plant was further expanded on 14 June 2018.
== Environmental Impact ==▼
While the Steel Industry in India serves an essential infrastructure purpose, it is largely powered by coal, a fossil fuel. The long-term health impacts on BSP employees or citizens have been examined in a few research studies. Emissions, and waste from BSP plant has had an adverse environmental impact , based on the insufficient number of independent studies available. In addition mining activities from BSP's multiple captive, eg. [[ Dalli Rajhara ]] mines have affected water supply and quality for surrounding villages. The method of open pit mining has resulted in deforestation and depletion of water table for villages near the [[ Dalli Rajhara ]] mines.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/raoghat-mines-in-bastar-iron-in-their-souls/story-wh0f6njppQ5tR0lsHAHflM.html</ref>▼
On 12 June 2014, a gas leak in Bhilai Steel Plant killed six people, including two senior officials. Over 50 people were affected by the accident. A breakdown in the water pump house caused a [[carbon monoxide]] leak, which seeped into the premises due to pressure differences along the purification chamber lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant gas Leak Accident kills 6 and injures 40|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/bhilai-steel-plant-gas-leak-accident-kills-6-and-injures-40/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=13 June 2014}}</ref> Among the dead were two deputy general managers, while the injured included [[Central Industrial Security Force]] personnel as well as workers and officials of the public-sector plant. The leak started at around 6:10 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].▼
On 9 October 2018, 13 plant employees (including four BSP fire services officials) were killed and 14 people (including six BSP fire services officials) were injured in a blast at the plant. The blast occurred in a pipeline near the coke oven section at the steel plant in the town of Bhilai.▼
A report by the CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General of India) cited the plant for specific safety violations, thereby creating a hazardous work environment for employees who worked near Blast furnaces. <ref>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/laxity-found-in-ensuring-safety-by-sail-at-bhilai-plant-cag-report/articleshow/80785092.cms?from=mdr</ref>▼
==Output==
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| Plates (up to 3600 mm wide)|| 950,000
|-
| Total saleable steel|| 3,153,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://durg.gov.in/bhilai-steel-plant/|title=Bhilai Steel Plant | District DURG, Government of Chhattisgarh | India|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref>
|}
▲== Impact on local economy and culture ==
▲BSP, when it was established was the primary industrial employer in the
▲The planned township was organized as 13 sectors. Several Educational institutes sprung up in the township and surrounding towns to cater to educational needs of residents. Bhilai
▲While
Additional data and reporting on the environmental and health impacts are required, for Bhilai, given its scale and size.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312472296|title=(PDF) Air and Leaching Pollution Scenario by Iron and Steel Plants, in central India|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref>
The CAG Report (2018) also cited this plant for higher than average CO<sub>2</sub> emission, and reduced [[Electrical efficiency|energy efficiency]]. Per the sustainability report published by SAIL, these are some initiatives being driven at BSP, to modernize in an energy efficient way, the aging plant technology -
* Waste heat recovery from Coke Ovens
* Conversion of high top-gas discharge pressure to electrical energy in Blast Furnace (BF) #8
* Installation of Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drives to reduce energy consumption
* Coal dust injection
Additional BSP green initiatives (Year 2022) are in the Sustainability report.<ref>[https://sail.co.in/sites/default/files/2022-11/SAIL%20SUSTAINABILITY%20REPORT-2021-22-17-11-22.pdf Sail Sustainability Report] sail.co.in 2021</ref>
==Safety Incidents at the Plant==
▲On 12 June 2014, a gas leak in Bhilai Steel Plant killed six people, including two senior officials. Over 50 people were affected by the accident. A breakdown in the water pump house caused a [[carbon monoxide]] leak, which seeped into the premises due to pressure differences along the purification chamber lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant gas Leak Accident kills 6 and injures 40|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/bhilai-steel-plant-gas-leak-accident-kills-6-and-injures-40/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=13 June 2014}}</ref> Among the dead were two deputy general managers, while the injured included [[Central Industrial Security Force]] personnel as well as workers and officials of the public-sector plant. The leak started at around 6:10 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].
▲On 9 October 2018, 13 plant employees (including four BSP fire services officials) were killed and 14 people (including six BSP fire services officials) were injured in a blast at the plant. The blast occurred in a pipeline near the coke oven section at the steel plant in the town of Bhilai.
▲A report by the CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General of India) cited the plant for specific safety violations, thereby creating a hazardous work environment for employees who worked near Blast furnaces and Coke Ovens. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/laxity-found-in-ensuring-safety-by-sail-at-bhilai-plant-cag-report/articleshow/80785092.cms?from=mdr|title=Laxity found in ensuring safety by SAIL at Bhilai plant: CAG report|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=10 February 2021}}</ref>
==See also==
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[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Bhilai]]
[[Category:Manufacturing
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bhilai]]
[[Category:Soviet foreign aid]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in India]]
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