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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = SAIL-Bhilai Steel Plant
| image = File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_dedicates_the_Modernised_and_Expanded_Bhilai_Steel_Plant_to_the_Nation,_in_Chhattisgarh_on_June_14,_2018._The_Union_Minister_for_Steel,_Shri_Chaudhary_Birender_Singh_is_also_seen.JPG
| image_caption = Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] reveals the Modernised and Expanded Bhilai Steel Plant, in Chhattisgarh on 14 June 2018
| type =
| foundation = 1955
| location = [[Bhilai]], [[Chhattisgarh]],
| industry = Metallurgical Process
| products = Rails, Plates, Structurals, Rebars and Wire Rods
| parent = [[Steel Authority of India|Steel Authority of India Limited]]
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.sail.co.in/bhilai-steel-plant/about-bhilai-steel-plant/|sail.co.in/bhilai-steel-plant}}
| logo = Steel Authority of India logo.svg
| key_people = Anirban Dasgupta (CEO)
}}
The '''Bhilai Steel Plant''' ('''BSP
Bhilai Steel Plant
The Bhilai Steel plant was established with Russian collaboration in Durg district of Chhattisgarh and started production in 1959. Agarias, A community of iron smelters helped the discovery of a source of iron ore for Bhilai Steel Plant.
== Modernization and expansion programs ==
Bhilai
The Bhilai
▲The Bhilai steel plant has created steel for one of the Railways' most challenging projects, construction of the {{convert|345|km|mi|abbr=on}} railway line and plane network between [[Jammu]] and [[Baramulla]] at an investment of {{INRConvert|19000|c}}. BSP has also developed a special grade of TMT rebars for use in the high-altitude tunnel inside the [[Banihal Pass]]. BSP had also developed the special soft iron magnetic plates for the prestigious India-based [[Neutrino detector|Neutrino Observatory]] (INO) project of the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC). It has also developed special grade high-tensile (DMR249A) steel for building India's first indigenously built anti-submarine warfare corvette, [[INS Kamorta]]<ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712">{{cite web | title=GRSE hands over first indigenous warship, INS Kamorta to Indian Navy | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | publisher=Economic Times | date=12 July 2014 | access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
On 12 June 2014, a gas leak in Bhilai Steel Plant killed six people, including two senior officials. Over 50 people were affected by the accident. A breakdown in the water pump house caused a leak of the poisonous gas [[carbon monoxide]], which infiltrated the premises due to pressure differences along the purification chamber lines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhilai Steel Plant gas Leak Accident kills 6 and injures 40|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/bhilai-steel-plant-gas-leak-accident-kills-6-and-injures-40/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=13 June 2014}}</ref> Among the dead were two deputy general managers, while the injured included [[Central Industrial Security Force]] personnel as well as workers and officials of the public-sector plant. The leak started at around 6:10 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].▼
On 9 October 2018, Thirteen plant employees died including four BSP fire services officials, and 14 were injured including six BSP fire services officials in a blast at the plant. The blast took place in a pipeline near the coke oven section at the steel plant in the town of Bhilai.▼
==Output==
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| Plates (up to 3600 mm wide)|| 950,000
|-
| Total saleable steel|| 3,153,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://durg.gov.in/bhilai-steel-plant/|title=Bhilai Steel Plant | District DURG, Government of Chhattisgarh | India|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref>
|}
== Impact on local economy and culture ==
BSP, when it was established was the primary industrial employer in the Chhattisgarh region. Its positive impact on the region is visible on various fronts including education, economy and culture. It was once counted among the largest factories in India with almost 60000 employees. Being a [[public sector]] enterprise (i.e. Govt of India being the sole stakeholder in the early days) it provided comprehensive benefits package to its employees with subsidized education, healthcare and housing. Like many Public Sector units, Bhilai had a strong organized trade union presence, advocating for worker rights and benefits.
The planned township was organized as 13 sectors. Several Educational institutes sprung up in the township and surrounding towns to cater to educational needs of residents. Bhilai developed into a cultural hub, with many expatriate Soviet experts and engineers residing in the city in the early days. Bhilai also attracted an educated workforce from across India, transforming the culture of the area from a primarily rural, to a cosmopolitan melting pot. Ancillary private factory units grew to process by-products such as slag, scrap and sponge iron, in neighboring cities, creating a thriving local economy in the region, anchored by Bhilai Steel Plant.
== Environmental impact ==
While Bhilai Steel Plant fulfills an essential infrastructure role for the nation, it is largely powered by coal, a highly polluting and fossil fuel. It is an acknowledged fact that the Steel Industry worldwide is a major polluter with the biggest carbon footprint. BSP with its aging plant built using 1950s Soviet knowhow, lags comparable Indian steel producers with more modern plants in climate impact areas. The long-term health impacts on BSP employees or citizens have been examined in a few isolated research studies. Emissions, and waste from BSP plant has had an adverse environmental impact , based on anecdotal and limited independent studies available. Mining activities from BSP's multiple captive, especially [[ Dalli Rajhara ]] mines have affected water supply and quality for surrounding villages. The method of open pit mining has resulted in deforestation and depletion of water table for villages near the [[ Dalli Rajhara ]] mines, without any post-damage mitigation for the affected communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/raoghat-mines-in-bastar-iron-in-their-souls/story-wh0f6njppQ5tR0lsHAHflM.html|title=Raoghat mines in Bastar: Iron in their souls|date=29 March 2014|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
Additional data and reporting on the environmental and health impacts are required, for Bhilai, given its scale and size.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312472296|title=(PDF) Air and Leaching Pollution Scenario by Iron and Steel Plants, in central India|accessdate=24 May 2023}}</ref>
The CAG Report (2018) also cited this plant for higher than average CO<sub>2</sub> emission, and reduced [[Electrical efficiency|energy efficiency]]. Per the sustainability report published by SAIL, these are some initiatives being driven at BSP, to modernize in an energy efficient way, the aging plant technology -
* Waste heat recovery from Coke Ovens
* Conversion of high top-gas discharge pressure to electrical energy in Blast Furnace (BF) #8
* Installation of Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drives to reduce energy consumption
* Coal dust injection
Additional BSP green initiatives (Year 2022) are in the Sustainability report.<ref>[https://sail.co.in/sites/default/files/2022-11/SAIL%20SUSTAINABILITY%20REPORT-2021-22-17-11-22.pdf Sail Sustainability Report] sail.co.in 2021</ref>
==Safety Incidents at the Plant==
▲On 12 June 2014, a gas leak in Bhilai Steel Plant killed six people, including two senior officials. Over 50 people were affected by the accident. A breakdown in the water pump house caused a
▲On 9 October 2018,
A report by the CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General of India) cited the plant for specific safety violations, thereby creating a hazardous work environment for employees who worked near Blast furnaces and Coke Ovens. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/laxity-found-in-ensuring-safety-by-sail-at-bhilai-plant-cag-report/articleshow/80785092.cms?from=mdr|title=Laxity found in ensuring safety by SAIL at Bhilai plant: CAG report|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=10 February 2021}}</ref>
==See also==
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{{authority control}}
[[Category:Economy of Chhattisgarh]]
Line 89 ⟶ 97:
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Bhilai]]
[[Category:Manufacturing
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bhilai]]
[[Category:Soviet foreign aid]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in India]]
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