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The '''Belgian Shepherd''' ({{langx|nl|Belgische Herder}}), also known as the '''Belgian Sheepdog''' ({{langx|nl|Belgische Herdershond}}) or the '''Chien de Berger Belge''', is a Belgian [[list of dog breeds|breed]] of [[herding dog]] of medium size. It is bred in four distinct varieties based on coat type and colour: the long-haired black '''Groenendael'''; the rough-haired fawn '''Laekenois'''; the short-haired fawn '''Malinois''', and the long-haired fawn '''Tervuren'''. The [[American Kennel Club]] considers the four varieties to be separate breeds.
The breed descends from a common type of shepherd dog found throughout Western Europe that includes such modern breeds as the [[Bouvier des Ardennes]], [[Dutch Shepherd]] and [[German Shepherd]], and was a common sight in the service of Belgian [[shepherd]]s for centuries. At the end of the nineteenth century a [[breed club]] was formed and attempts were made to [[breed standard|standardise]] the breed.
Its historical role was as a herding dog. It
==History==
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== Use ==
The Belgian Shepherd, particularly in the Groenendael, Laekenois and Tervuren varieties, is predominantly kept as a pet or [[companion dog]]; all of the varieties may compete in obedience competitions and [[Schutzhund]].{{r|Fogle|Wilcox}} The dogs are versatile and are often trained for use as [[assistance dog]]s, [[detection dog]]s, [[guard dog]]s, [[guide dog]]s, [[police dog]]s, and [[search and rescue dog]]s.{{r|Fogle|Morris}}
In recent times, the Laekenois has been employed by the Belgian Army in a variety of roles (in addition to the longstanding use of the Malinois), and the Tervuren is frequently used by government organisations as a drug detection dog.{{r|Fogle|Morris|Wilcox}} The Malinois in particular has become increasingly popular with customs, military, border guard and police forces;{{r|Fogle|Morris|Wilcox}} organisations that utilise the Malinois include the [[United States Armed Forces]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/09/18/us-military-working-dogs-should-be-american-born-senator-says.html |title= US Military working dogs should be American-born, Senator says |last=Pawlyk |first=Oriana |date=18 September 2020 |website=Military.com |access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> the [[United States Secret Service]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schmidt |first=Michael S. |date=21 September 2014 |title=White House May Check Tourists Blocks Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/us/white-house-security-mulls-tourist-screens.html?_r=0 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> the [[Israel Defense Forces]]' [[Oketz Unit]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winer |first=Stuart |date=6 August 2017 |title=Indian PM's security goes to the (Israeli) dogs |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/indian-pms-security-goes-to-the-israeli-dogs/ |work=Times of Israel }}</ref> the [[Australian Defence Force]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airforce.gov.au/technology/combat-support-capability/military-working-dogs?RAAF-cW6sWLIlexAaxFuK_knX8rhpHBcC0DCO= |title=Military working dogs |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Royal Australian Air Force |date=3 November 2017 |access-date=24 November 2020 }}</ref> and the anti-poaching canine unit at the [[Kruger National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/security/border-security/anti-poaching-dogs-a-game-changer-for-kruger/ |title=Anti-poaching dogs a game-changer for Kruger |last=Martin |first=Guy |date=28 March 2017 |website=defenceWeb |access-date=24 November 2020 }}</ref>
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==Health==
A UK study for a life expectancy of 12 years for the Malinois and 13.8 years for the Tervuren compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal |
==Notable examples==
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* [[Kuga (dog)|Kuga]], [[Australian Army]] Malinois awarded the [[Dickin Medal]] after capturing an insurgent whilst shot during the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayne |first=Jordan |date=27 October 2018 |title='Victoria Cross for animals': Military dog Kuga posthumously awarded Dickin Medal for bravery |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-26/dickin-medal-awarded-kuga-dog-canberra/10433054 |work=ABC news |access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
* [[Mali (dog)|Mali]], [[British Army]] Malinois awarded the Dickin Medal after completing a mission whilst injured during the War in Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Dog Mali awarded medal for Afghanistan bravery |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-42031729 |work=BBC News |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=24 November 2020 }}</ref>
* Meadow, the first K9 to work full time at a high school or college in the state of New Jersey to prevent school shootings. K9 Meadow is named in honor of [[Andrew Pollack|Meadow
* Yoda, a U.S. Border Control Malinois that helped capture [[Danilo Cavalcante]] after he escaped from prison and was on the run for nearly two weeks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bunch |first=Jesse |date=13 September 2023 |title=The dog that helped capture Danelo Cavalcante is named Yoda |work=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]] |url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/yoda-police-dog-belgian-malinois-danelo-cavalcante-20230913.html}}</ref>
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{{Commons}}
* [https://www.fmbb.be/ World Federation Belgium Shepherds／Federation Mondiale du Berger Belges]
{{Belgian dogs}}
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