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=== Ancient Iran ===
{{See also|Arya (Iran)|Ariana|Iran (word)}}
[[File:Young avestan geography.png|thumb|Approximate geographical extent of regions inhabited by the [[Arya (Iran)|Arya]] of the [[Avesta]] vis-a-vis other Indo-Iranian peoples during the [[Avestan period|Young Avestan period]] (
In the words of scholar [[Gherardo Gnoli]], the Old Iranian ''airya'' ([[Avestan]]) and ''ariya'' ([[Old Persian]]) were collective terms denoting the "peoples who were aware of belonging to the one ethnic stock, speaking a common language, and having a religious tradition that centred on the cult of [[Ahura Mazda|Ahura Mazdā]]", in contrast to the 'non-Aryas', who are called ''anairya'' in [[Avestan]], ''anaryān'' in [[Parthian language|Parthian]], and ''[[anērān]]'' in [[Middle Persian]].{{sfn|Bailey|1987}}{{Sfn|Gnoli|2006}}
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