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Expanded this becomes
<math display="block"> a (x-x_0)+ b(y-y_0)+ c(z-z_0)=0,</math>
{{cn span|text=which is the ''point-normal'' form of the equation of a plane.
<math display="block"> ax + by + cz + d = 0, \text{ where } d = -(ax_0 + by_0 + cz_0).</math>
Conversely, it is easily shown that if ''a'', ''b'', ''c'' and ''d'' are constants and ''a'', ''b'', and ''c'' are not all zero, then the graph of the equation
<math display="block"> ax + by + cz + d = 0,</math>
{{cn span|text=is a plane having the vector <math>\mathbf{n} = (a,b,c)</math> as a normal.
In three dimensions, lines can ''not'' be described by a single linear equation, so they are frequently described by [[parametric equation]]s:
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