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[[File:Buchenwald Children 26149.jpg|thumb|Jewish youth liberated at [[Buchenwald]] lean out the windows of a train, as it pulls away from the station. The train, which has been marked with the phrase "Hitler kaput" ("Hitler is finished" in several European languages), will transport the children to an OSE home in [[Ecouis]], France.]]
'''Œuvre de secours aux enfants''' ({{IPA
OSE's most important activities took place both before and during [[World War II]]. OSE assisted mainly Jewish refugee children, both from France and from other Western European countries. OSE rescued children from extermination by [[Nazi Germany]]. It also operated after World War II.<ref>a main source is the OSE official website WWW.OSE-France.org [http://www.ose-france.org], which is in French</ref><ref>OSE-France also has written a brochure in English "OSE: 100 years of History" [http://www.ose-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Bochure-100-ans-OSE-anglais.pdf "Centennial brochure: OSE: 100 years of History, 1912-2012"]</ref>
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During the most important period of its work, immediately after [[Battle of France|the German defeat of France in 1940]], OSE operated mainly in unoccupied southern France, controlled by the pro-German [[Vichy France]] government. However, many children helped by OSE were from the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and [[Occupied France|German-occupied northern France]]. These children had reached the Vichy zone, usually under very difficult travel conditions, and sometimes with the direct danger that they could be captured by the occupying Germans.
OSE was founded in 1912 by doctors in [[Saint Petersburg]],
In 1933, fleeing Nazism, it relocated again, this time to France where it became the
In France, the OSE ran Children's Homes (often called "Châteaux," but actually large "mansions," and see listing below). These Homes were for Jewish children of various ages, including infants, whose parents were either in [[Nazi concentration camps]] or had been killed.
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==During World War II==
The rescue of Jewish children in France by the OSE, also its aid to adults:<ref name=OSE-OW/><ref>Sources: www.ose-france.org written by Katy Hazan (co-author of "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1945, Katy Hazan avec la participation de Serge Klarsfeld, Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008)▼
▲<ref name=OSE-OW/><ref>Sources: www.ose-france.org written by Katy Hazan (co-author of "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1945, Katy Hazan avec la participation de Serge Klarsfeld, Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008)
Also: "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1944, Katy Hazan avec la participation de Serge Klarsfeld, Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ose-france.org/memoire/le-sauvetage-des-enfants-juifs-pendant-l'occupation |title=Mémoire - Le sauvetage des enfants Juifs pendant l'occupation |first= This web-Katy |last=Hazan |publisher=ose-france.org}}. Katy Hazan is the official French OSE historian. She is the co-author of "Le sauvetage des enfants juifs pendant l’Occupation dans les maisons de l’OSE 1938-1945, Katy Hazan avec la participation de [[Serge and Beate Klarsfeld|Serge Klarsfeld]], Ed. Somogy, Paris, 2008)</ref>
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=== Andrée Salomon ===
{{ill|Andrée Salomon|fr}}, as the OSE delegate to the [[Gurs internment camp|Gurs]] and [[Camp de Rivesaltes|Rivesaltes Concentration
Under the leadership of Salomon, OSE did manage to gather together 311 such children in three large groups, many from the [[Gurs internment camp]], and arranged for their transit to the United States, with the help of other Organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ose-france.org/memoire/le-service-archive-et-histoire-de-l%e2%80%99ose/l%e2%80%99ose-100-ans-d%e2%80%99histoire/le-sauvetage-des-enfants-juifs-pendant-l%e2%80%99occupation/ |title=the OSE memoire |access-date=2017-07-11 |archive-date=2017-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315000727/http://www.ose-france.org/memoire/le-service-archive-et-histoire-de-l%E2%80%99ose/l%E2%80%99ose-100-ans-d%E2%80%99histoire/le-sauvetage-des-enfants-juifs-pendant-l%E2%80%99occupation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>the OSE-France official website www.ose-france.org, "History During the Occupation (Nazi WWII)"</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ose-france.org |title=OSE-France official website |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website=ose-france.org |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Collections Search - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |quote=See caption to photo 38351 -which shows Andree Salomon and several of these children |url=http://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1125964 |website=collections.ushmm.org |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> These children travelled by themselves directly to the United States, leaving their parents behind, who were often still in the Gurs internment camp. These children are members of that group of Holocaust Child Survivors who are "[[One Thousand Children]]." Most of their parents were later murdered by the Nazis.
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[[Moshe Prywes]] from 1947 to 1951 was director of the OSE Jewish Health Organization in Paris.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/prywes-moshe |title=Prywes, Moshe |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9MuAQAAIAAJ&q=Moshe+Prywes |title=Encyclopaedia Judaica: Year book |date= 1982 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Judaica |via=Google Books}}</ref>
==List of OSE Children's Homes in France during World War II
* Château de Quincy
* Château du Masgelier
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*[[Germaine Ribière]]
*''[[Fanny's Journey]]''
*[[Kindertransport]]
==References==
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