International journal of environment and geoinformatics, Sep 8, 2022
Ozone has important impact on climate change, the radiative balance and atmospheric chemistry. Th... more Ozone has important impact on climate change, the radiative balance and atmospheric chemistry. The main aim of this study is to analyses spatial and temporal variation of total column ozone as well as the trend over Turkey with MERRA-2 Reanalysis for the period 1980-2019. First of all, MERRA-2 total column ozone is compared with ground-based Brewer Spectrophotometer located in Ankara. It is found that MERRA-2 total column ozone agrees quite well (R2=0.9781) with that from the Brewer Spectrophotometer. Secondly, analysis are carried out with MERRA-2 total column ozone. The trend analysis over Turkey indicates statistically significant decreasing trend in the 1980-1999 period, non-significant decreasing trend in the 2000-2009 period and non-significant increasing trend in the 2010-2019 period. The highest annual average total column ozone are found in Istanbul, Canakkale and Samsun cities with the values of 326.3±6.9 DU, 324.0±6.7 DU and 322.2±6.6 DU, respectively. Total column ozone are the highest in spring, followed by winter, and the lowest in summer and autumn seasons over Turkey.
Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. C... more Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. Climatological normals are averages for consecutive periods of 30 years which are calculated from climatological data. Using climate normals are very important tool to provide a standard base for preparing global assessment and climate monitoring studies. In this study, it is aimed to establish of the relationship between three temperature normals, which are including 1961-1990, 1971-2000 and 1981-2010, and to show its spatial distribution. Furthermore, trend of temperature data, which are basis on annual and seasonal averages, were investigated according to MannKendall and Sen's statistical methods with help of MAKESENS software. Geographic Information Systems are used for the spatial distributions. KEY WORDS: Temperature, Climate Normals, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Mann-Kendall, Sens
Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. C... more Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. Climatological normals are averages for consecutive periods of 30 years which are calculated from climatological data. Using climate normals are very important tool to provide a standard base for preparing global assessment and climate monitoring studies. A GIS-based method for deriving high-resolution grid data set of mean temperature (Base Period; 1981-2010) is developed for Turkey. Height and lapse rate value (changing rate of temperature with height) are used as predictors of temperatures on 1km resolution of grid points. In this study, mean annual temperature values measured at 246 meteorological stations of Turkish State Meteorological Service over Turkey are used for visualization and interpolation to reveal spatial distribution of mean annual temperature values. Mean annual temperatures have been obtained from period of 1981-2010 long term temperature data sets. Elevation data hav...
ÖZ Balkanlarda yer alan 12 ülkenin halen 5’i Avrupa Birliği üyesidir. Bunlar Yunanistan, Bulgaris... more ÖZ Balkanlarda yer alan 12 ülkenin halen 5’i Avrupa Birliği üyesidir. Bunlar Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Hırvatistan ve Slovenya’dır. Bu nedenle, bu ülkelerdeki değişimi ve gelişmeyi diğer Balkan ülkelerine göre ayrıca incelemek gerekir. Zira AB üyeliği sonrası bu ülkelerde çeşitli reformlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üstelik bu reformlar sadece ekonomik alanda olmayıp, devletin yapılandırmasında ve kamu personel sistemlerinin iyileştirilmesinde de görülmüştür. Çünkü halka Avrupa standartlarında bir kamu hizmetinin verilebilmesi için öncelikle kamu personelinin niteliğinin artırılması ve etkin yönetiminin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bildirinin amacı, AB üyesi bu 5 Balkan ülkesindeki kamu personel sistemlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak açıklanmasıdır. Bu amaçla yöntem, söz konusu ülkelerdeki Devlet Memurluğunun, özellikle hukuki kaynaklarda incelenmesi olmuştur. Bildiri, aslında 12 Balkan ülkesini kapsayan bir araştırmaya dayanmaktadır. Ancak, Bildirinin konusunu her üç ülkede de aynı yıl 1999’da çıkarılan kanunlarla, Yunanistan’da çalışan Devlet Memuru “Dimósios Ypállilos”; Bulgaristan’da “Dŭrzhaven Sluzhitel” ve Romanya’da “Funcționar Public”in yanısıra 2002 tarihi yasasıyla Slovenya’daki Devlet Memurları “Javni Uslužbenec” ve Hırvatistan’da 2005 tarihinde çıkarılan Devlet Memurları Kanunu ile “Državni Službenik” oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, söz konusu Balkan ülkelerinde kamu personeli, bazı yönlerden benzeşim göstermekle birlikte, etkisinde kaldıkları Avrupa ülkesine öykünme söz konusu olabilmiştir. Ancak, ülkenin etnik yapısı ve gelenekleri kamu personelin yönetimine de yansımıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Balkan Ülkeleri, Avrupa Birliği, Kamu Yönetimi, Kamu Personel Yönetimi, Devlet Memuru. AS A MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN BALKAN COUNTRIES PUBLIC PERSONNEL SYSTEM ABSTRACT Five of the 12 countries in the Balkans are currently members of the European Union. These are Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Crotia and Slovenia. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the change and development in these countries separately compared to other Balkan countries. Because, after the EU membership, various reforms have been made in these countries. Moreover, these reforms have been seen 2 not only in the economic field, but also in the structure of the state and the improvement of public personnel systems. Because, in order to provide a public service in European standards to the public, first of all, the quality of public personnel should be increased and effective management should be ensured. In this context, the aim of the Paper is to provide a comparative explanation of the public personnel systems in these 5 EU member states. For this purpose, the method has been to examine the Civil Servants in these countries, especially in legal sources. The Paper is based on a study covering 12 Balkan countries. However, the subject of the Paper is under the laws enacted in 1999 in all three countries Civil Servant working in Greece:“Dimósios Ypállilos”; In Bulgaria: “Dŭrzhaven Sluzhitel” and in Romania:“Funcționar Public”; as well as the Civil Servants in Slovenia:“Javni Uslužbenec”with the 2002 law and of course Crotia “Državni Službenik” Law in 2005. According to the findings of the research, although the personnel of the Balkan countries were similar in some respects, it was possible to emulate the European countries in which they were influenced. Ancak, ülkenin etnik yapısı ve gelenekleri kamu personelin yönetimine de yansımıştır. However, the country's ethnic structure and traditions are also reflected in the management of public personnel. Key Words: Balkan Countries, European Union, Public Administration, Public Personnel Management, Civil Servant.
AKÇAKAYA 1 1 Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, [email protected], [email protected], haraba... more AKÇAKAYA 1 1 Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 A.Ü. DTCF Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü, Ankara, [email protected], [email protected] Özet İklim kayıtları, uzun bir dönem boyunca toplanmış meteoroloji verileri üzerine kurulmuştur. İklimin zaman bağımlı davranış izleri olan eğilimini ve değişimini gösteren, iklimsel risk etkileri ve aşırılıkların değerlendirilmesi için verilerdeki süreklilik ve türdeşlik önemlidir. İklim değerlendirmelerini yapabilmek, iklimdeki değişimleri tespit etmek, doğru tahmin ve modelleme yapabilmek için doğru ve tutarlı verilere ihtiyaç vardır. Türdeşliği (homojenliği) sağlamanın en iyi yolu, zor olmakla birlikte, gözlem çevresi ve sistemlerinin uygun yönetimlerle kayıtlarının tutulmasıdır. Veribilgi (metadata), gözlem yöntemlerini de içeren istasyonun tarihi bilgileridir. Önemli ekstrem hava olaylarının kayıtları da tutulmalıdır. Bu bilgiler veri kalitesi, devam...
Changings of vertical distribution of ozone in atmosphere affect thickness of ozone layer. Some d... more Changings of vertical distribution of ozone in atmosphere affect thickness of ozone layer. Some devices such as Ozonesonde, Dobson and Brewer Spectrophotometer which are based on ground are used on determining of vertical ozone distribution. In this study, ozone profile measurement data obtained by using Brewer Spectrophotometer between 2007-2014 or Ozonesonde method between 1994-2013 by TSMS in Ankara are used. The maximum ozone density of vertical distribution of ozone over Ankara is found on the 24. km from surface layer by using Ozonesonde method (130.3 nb), while on the 22. Km by using Brewer 188 (194.4 nb). It is determined that seasonal maximum ozone density based on method of ozonesonde is 145.0 nb in winter on 22. Km, 139.1 nb in spring on 22. km, in autumn 125.1 nb on 24. km and 132.1 nb in summer on 26. km. It is determined that seasonal maximum ozone density based on measurement of Brewer 188 is 192.3 nb in winter on 22. km, 223.8 nb in spring on 22. km, in autumn 170.3 ...
Climate and climate changes have been an important factor that has affected life a lot since the ... more Climate and climate changes have been an important factor that has affected life a lot since the existence of humanity. Since the world has existed, there have been many periods of climate change occurring by natural means. These periods are understood by the drilling cores that today's scientists have taken from the ocean floor, the polar glaciers and the mountain glaciers. The recent global warming and climate change are caused by human-induced industrial greenhouse gases. Almost all the scientists working on climate change agree that is the man-made climate change. The human being, which is the cause of climate change due to global warming, is also the only element that will correct and end this situation. The way to achieve this is to know and implement what can be done at the level of nations, governments, communities, families, and individuals. Increasing people's awareness is one of the most important problems for resistance to climate change. The concept of carbon de...
International journal of environment and geoinformatics, Sep 8, 2022
Ozone has important impact on climate change, the radiative balance and atmospheric chemistry. Th... more Ozone has important impact on climate change, the radiative balance and atmospheric chemistry. The main aim of this study is to analyses spatial and temporal variation of total column ozone as well as the trend over Turkey with MERRA-2 Reanalysis for the period 1980-2019. First of all, MERRA-2 total column ozone is compared with ground-based Brewer Spectrophotometer located in Ankara. It is found that MERRA-2 total column ozone agrees quite well (R2=0.9781) with that from the Brewer Spectrophotometer. Secondly, analysis are carried out with MERRA-2 total column ozone. The trend analysis over Turkey indicates statistically significant decreasing trend in the 1980-1999 period, non-significant decreasing trend in the 2000-2009 period and non-significant increasing trend in the 2010-2019 period. The highest annual average total column ozone are found in Istanbul, Canakkale and Samsun cities with the values of 326.3±6.9 DU, 324.0±6.7 DU and 322.2±6.6 DU, respectively. Total column ozone are the highest in spring, followed by winter, and the lowest in summer and autumn seasons over Turkey.
Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. C... more Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. Climatological normals are averages for consecutive periods of 30 years which are calculated from climatological data. Using climate normals are very important tool to provide a standard base for preparing global assessment and climate monitoring studies. In this study, it is aimed to establish of the relationship between three temperature normals, which are including 1961-1990, 1971-2000 and 1981-2010, and to show its spatial distribution. Furthermore, trend of temperature data, which are basis on annual and seasonal averages, were investigated according to MannKendall and Sen's statistical methods with help of MAKESENS software. Geographic Information Systems are used for the spatial distributions. KEY WORDS: Temperature, Climate Normals, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Mann-Kendall, Sens
Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. C... more Climate is the average weather conditions experienced in a particular place over a long period. Climatological normals are averages for consecutive periods of 30 years which are calculated from climatological data. Using climate normals are very important tool to provide a standard base for preparing global assessment and climate monitoring studies. A GIS-based method for deriving high-resolution grid data set of mean temperature (Base Period; 1981-2010) is developed for Turkey. Height and lapse rate value (changing rate of temperature with height) are used as predictors of temperatures on 1km resolution of grid points. In this study, mean annual temperature values measured at 246 meteorological stations of Turkish State Meteorological Service over Turkey are used for visualization and interpolation to reveal spatial distribution of mean annual temperature values. Mean annual temperatures have been obtained from period of 1981-2010 long term temperature data sets. Elevation data hav...
ÖZ Balkanlarda yer alan 12 ülkenin halen 5’i Avrupa Birliği üyesidir. Bunlar Yunanistan, Bulgaris... more ÖZ Balkanlarda yer alan 12 ülkenin halen 5’i Avrupa Birliği üyesidir. Bunlar Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Hırvatistan ve Slovenya’dır. Bu nedenle, bu ülkelerdeki değişimi ve gelişmeyi diğer Balkan ülkelerine göre ayrıca incelemek gerekir. Zira AB üyeliği sonrası bu ülkelerde çeşitli reformlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üstelik bu reformlar sadece ekonomik alanda olmayıp, devletin yapılandırmasında ve kamu personel sistemlerinin iyileştirilmesinde de görülmüştür. Çünkü halka Avrupa standartlarında bir kamu hizmetinin verilebilmesi için öncelikle kamu personelinin niteliğinin artırılması ve etkin yönetiminin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bildirinin amacı, AB üyesi bu 5 Balkan ülkesindeki kamu personel sistemlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak açıklanmasıdır. Bu amaçla yöntem, söz konusu ülkelerdeki Devlet Memurluğunun, özellikle hukuki kaynaklarda incelenmesi olmuştur. Bildiri, aslında 12 Balkan ülkesini kapsayan bir araştırmaya dayanmaktadır. Ancak, Bildirinin konusunu her üç ülkede de aynı yıl 1999’da çıkarılan kanunlarla, Yunanistan’da çalışan Devlet Memuru “Dimósios Ypállilos”; Bulgaristan’da “Dŭrzhaven Sluzhitel” ve Romanya’da “Funcționar Public”in yanısıra 2002 tarihi yasasıyla Slovenya’daki Devlet Memurları “Javni Uslužbenec” ve Hırvatistan’da 2005 tarihinde çıkarılan Devlet Memurları Kanunu ile “Državni Službenik” oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, söz konusu Balkan ülkelerinde kamu personeli, bazı yönlerden benzeşim göstermekle birlikte, etkisinde kaldıkları Avrupa ülkesine öykünme söz konusu olabilmiştir. Ancak, ülkenin etnik yapısı ve gelenekleri kamu personelin yönetimine de yansımıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Balkan Ülkeleri, Avrupa Birliği, Kamu Yönetimi, Kamu Personel Yönetimi, Devlet Memuru. AS A MEMBER OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN BALKAN COUNTRIES PUBLIC PERSONNEL SYSTEM ABSTRACT Five of the 12 countries in the Balkans are currently members of the European Union. These are Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Crotia and Slovenia. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the change and development in these countries separately compared to other Balkan countries. Because, after the EU membership, various reforms have been made in these countries. Moreover, these reforms have been seen 2 not only in the economic field, but also in the structure of the state and the improvement of public personnel systems. Because, in order to provide a public service in European standards to the public, first of all, the quality of public personnel should be increased and effective management should be ensured. In this context, the aim of the Paper is to provide a comparative explanation of the public personnel systems in these 5 EU member states. For this purpose, the method has been to examine the Civil Servants in these countries, especially in legal sources. The Paper is based on a study covering 12 Balkan countries. However, the subject of the Paper is under the laws enacted in 1999 in all three countries Civil Servant working in Greece:“Dimósios Ypállilos”; In Bulgaria: “Dŭrzhaven Sluzhitel” and in Romania:“Funcționar Public”; as well as the Civil Servants in Slovenia:“Javni Uslužbenec”with the 2002 law and of course Crotia “Državni Službenik” Law in 2005. According to the findings of the research, although the personnel of the Balkan countries were similar in some respects, it was possible to emulate the European countries in which they were influenced. Ancak, ülkenin etnik yapısı ve gelenekleri kamu personelin yönetimine de yansımıştır. However, the country's ethnic structure and traditions are also reflected in the management of public personnel. Key Words: Balkan Countries, European Union, Public Administration, Public Personnel Management, Civil Servant.
AKÇAKAYA 1 1 Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, [email protected], [email protected], haraba... more AKÇAKAYA 1 1 Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 A.Ü. DTCF Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü, Ankara, [email protected], [email protected] Özet İklim kayıtları, uzun bir dönem boyunca toplanmış meteoroloji verileri üzerine kurulmuştur. İklimin zaman bağımlı davranış izleri olan eğilimini ve değişimini gösteren, iklimsel risk etkileri ve aşırılıkların değerlendirilmesi için verilerdeki süreklilik ve türdeşlik önemlidir. İklim değerlendirmelerini yapabilmek, iklimdeki değişimleri tespit etmek, doğru tahmin ve modelleme yapabilmek için doğru ve tutarlı verilere ihtiyaç vardır. Türdeşliği (homojenliği) sağlamanın en iyi yolu, zor olmakla birlikte, gözlem çevresi ve sistemlerinin uygun yönetimlerle kayıtlarının tutulmasıdır. Veribilgi (metadata), gözlem yöntemlerini de içeren istasyonun tarihi bilgileridir. Önemli ekstrem hava olaylarının kayıtları da tutulmalıdır. Bu bilgiler veri kalitesi, devam...
Changings of vertical distribution of ozone in atmosphere affect thickness of ozone layer. Some d... more Changings of vertical distribution of ozone in atmosphere affect thickness of ozone layer. Some devices such as Ozonesonde, Dobson and Brewer Spectrophotometer which are based on ground are used on determining of vertical ozone distribution. In this study, ozone profile measurement data obtained by using Brewer Spectrophotometer between 2007-2014 or Ozonesonde method between 1994-2013 by TSMS in Ankara are used. The maximum ozone density of vertical distribution of ozone over Ankara is found on the 24. km from surface layer by using Ozonesonde method (130.3 nb), while on the 22. Km by using Brewer 188 (194.4 nb). It is determined that seasonal maximum ozone density based on method of ozonesonde is 145.0 nb in winter on 22. Km, 139.1 nb in spring on 22. km, in autumn 125.1 nb on 24. km and 132.1 nb in summer on 26. km. It is determined that seasonal maximum ozone density based on measurement of Brewer 188 is 192.3 nb in winter on 22. km, 223.8 nb in spring on 22. km, in autumn 170.3 ...
Climate and climate changes have been an important factor that has affected life a lot since the ... more Climate and climate changes have been an important factor that has affected life a lot since the existence of humanity. Since the world has existed, there have been many periods of climate change occurring by natural means. These periods are understood by the drilling cores that today's scientists have taken from the ocean floor, the polar glaciers and the mountain glaciers. The recent global warming and climate change are caused by human-induced industrial greenhouse gases. Almost all the scientists working on climate change agree that is the man-made climate change. The human being, which is the cause of climate change due to global warming, is also the only element that will correct and end this situation. The way to achieve this is to know and implement what can be done at the level of nations, governments, communities, families, and individuals. Increasing people's awareness is one of the most important problems for resistance to climate change. The concept of carbon de...
Uploads
Papers by mithat ekici