Papers by Mofizul Islam
In the gold specie standard the monetary unit is associated with the value of circulating gold co... more In the gold specie standard the monetary unit is associated with the value of circulating gold coins or the monetary unit has the value of a certain circulating gold coin, but other coins may be made of less valuable metal. The gold exchange standard usually does not involve the circulation of gold coins. The main feature of the gold exchange standard is that the government guarantees a fixed exchange rate to the currency of another country that uses a gold standard (specie or bullion), regardless of what type of notes or coins are used as a means of exchange. This creates a de facto gold standard, where the value of the means of exchange has a fixed external value in terms of gold that is independent of the inherent value of the means of exchange itself. Finally, the gold bullion standard is a system in which gold coins do not circulate, but the authorities agree to sell gold bullion on demand at a fixed price in exchange for currency.
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2010
Substance Use & Misuse, 2009
Syringe dispensing machines were introduced into needle syringe programs (NSPs) two decades ago. ... more Syringe dispensing machines were introduced into needle syringe programs (NSPs) two decades ago. The few published studies on dispensing machines have focused on feedback of machine users and service providers' feedback has rarely been reported. This study obtained the feedback of health staff of NSPs, other sectors of Drug Misuse Treatment Services and of other health services adjoining dispensing machines on the role and effectiveness of dispensing machines.
Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids/hiv, 2012
Teaching Documents by Mofizul Islam
One of the most significant reasons that strategic management is important is that it can make a ... more One of the most significant reasons that strategic management is important is that it can make a difference in how well an organization performs. The most basic questions about strategy look at why firms succeed or fail, and why, when faced with the same environmental conditions, their performance levels vary. Studies of the factors that contribute to organizational performance generally have shown a positive relationship between strategic planning and performance. In other words, it appears that organizations that use strategic management do have higher levels of performance. And that makes it pretty important for managers! Another reason strategic management is important has to do with the fact that organizations of all types and sizes face continually changing situations. These changes may be minor or significant, but it's still change with which managers must cope. That's where strategic management comes in. Using the strategic management process, managers examine relevant factors in deciding what actions to take, thus helping them better cope with uncertain environments. Strategic management is also important because of the nature of organizations. They're composed of diverse divisions, departments, functions, and work activitiesmanufacturing, marketing, accounting, and so forth-that all need to be coordinated and focused on achieving the organization's goals. Strategic management does this. Strategic management helps in coordinating and focusing employees by clarifying and pinpointing what's important and by providing the reasons for why they're doing what they're doing. Finally, strategic management is important because it's involved in many of the decisions that managers make.
Uploads
Papers by Mofizul Islam
Teaching Documents by Mofizul Islam