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Documentation version: 2.1

Bidang formulir¶

class Field(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

When you create a Form class, the most important part is defining the fields of the form. Each field has custom validation logic, along with a few other hooks.

Field.clean(value)[sumber]¶

Although the primary way you'll use Field classes is in Form classes, you can also instantiate them and use them directly to get a better idea of how they work. Each Field instance has a clean() method, which takes a single argument and either raises a django.forms.ValidationError exception or returns the clean value:

>>> from django import forms
>>> f = forms.EmailField()
>>> f.clean('[email protected]')
'[email protected]'
>>> f.clean('invalid email address')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['Enter a valid email address.']

Argumen bidang inti¶

Each Field class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some Field classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following should always be accepted:

`required`¶

Field.required¶

By default, each Field class assumes the value is required, so if you pass an empty value -- either None or the empty string ("") -- then clean() will raise a ValidationError exception:

>>> from django import forms
>>> f = forms.CharField()
>>> f.clean('foo')
'foo'
>>> f.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
>>> f.clean(None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
>>> f.clean(' ')
' '
>>> f.clean(0)
'0'
>>> f.clean(True)
'True'
>>> f.clean(False)
'False'

Untuk menentukan bahwa bidang adalah tidak diwajibkan, lewatkan required=False ke pembangun Field:

>>> f = forms.CharField(required=False)
>>> f.clean('foo')
'foo'
>>> f.clean('')
''
>>> f.clean(None)
''
>>> f.clean(0)
'0'
>>> f.clean(True)
'True'
>>> f.clean(False)
'False'

If a Field has required=False and you pass clean() an empty value, then clean() will return a normalized empty value rather than raising ValidationError. For CharField, this will be an empty string. For other Field classes, it might be None. (This varies from field to field.)

Widgets of required form fields have the required HTML attribute. Set the Form.use_required_attribute attribute to False to disable it. The required attribute isn't included on forms of formsets because the browser validation may not be correct when adding and deleting formsets.

`label`¶

Field.label¶

Argumen label membuat anda menentukan label "human-friendly" untuk bidang ini. Ini digunakan ketika Field ditampilkan dalam sebuah Form.

As explained in "Outputting forms as HTML" above, the default label for a Field is generated from the field name by converting all underscores to spaces and upper-casing the first letter. Specify label if that default behavior doesn't result in an adequate label.

Ini adalah contoh lengkap Form yang menerapkan label untuk dua dari bidangnya. Kami telah menentukan auto_id=False untuk menyederhanakan keluaran:

>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(label='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(label='Your website', required=False)
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Your website:</th><td><input type="url" name="url"></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>

`label_suffix`¶

Field.label_suffix¶

Argumen label_suffix membuat anda menimpa label_suffix formulir pada dasar per-bidang:

>>> class ContactForm(forms.Form):
...     age = forms.IntegerField()
...     nationality = forms.CharField()
...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label='2 + 2', label_suffix=' =')
>>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix='?')
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p><label for="id_age">Age?</label> <input id="id_age" name="age" type="number" required></p>
<p><label for="id_nationality">Nationality?</label> <input id="id_nationality" name="nationality" type="text" required></p>
<p><label for="id_captcha_answer">2 + 2 =</label> <input id="id_captcha_answer" name="captcha_answer" type="number" required></p>

`initial`¶

Field.initial¶

The initial argument lets you specify the initial value to use when rendering this Field in an unbound Form.

Untuk menentukan data awal dinamis, lihat parameter Form.initial.

The use-case for this is when you want to display an "empty" form in which a field is initialized to a particular value. For example:

>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>

You may be thinking, why not just pass a dictionary of the initial values as data when displaying the form? Well, if you do that, you'll trigger validation, and the HTML output will include any validation errors:

>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField()
...     url = forms.URLField()
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> default_data = {'name': 'Your name', 'url': 'http://'}
>>> f = CommentForm(default_data, auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid URL.</li></ul><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>

This is why initial values are only displayed for unbound forms. For bound forms, the HTML output will use the bound data.

Also note that initial values are not used as "fallback" data in validation if a particular field's value is not given. initial values are only intended for initial form display:

>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> data = {'name': '', 'url': '', 'comment': 'Foo'}
>>> f = CommentForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
False
# The form does *not* fall back to using the initial values.
>>> f.errors
{'url': ['This field is required.'], 'name': ['This field is required.']}

Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:

>>> import datetime
>>> class DateForm(forms.Form):
...     day = forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
>>> print(DateForm())
<tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" required><td></tr>

The callable will be evaluated only when the unbound form is displayed, not when it is defined.

`help_text`¶

Field.help_text¶

Argumen help_text membiarkan anda menentukan gambaran teks untuk Field ini. Jika anda menyediakan help_text, itu akan ditampilkan dekat Field ketika Field dibangun oleh satu dari metode Form yang nyaman (misalnya, as_ul()).

Like the model field's help_text, this value isn't HTML-escaped in automatically-generated forms.

Here's a full example Form that implements help_text for two of its fields. We've specified auto_id=False to simplify the output:

>>> from django import forms
>>> class HelpTextContactForm(forms.Form):
...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='100 characters max.')
...     message = forms.CharField()
...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text='A valid email address, please.')
...     cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
>>> f = HelpTextContactForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f.as_table())
<tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required><br><span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></td></tr>
<tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Sender:</th><td><input type="email" name="sender" required><br>A valid email address, please.</td></tr>
<tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></td></tr>
>>> print(f.as_ul()))
<li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></li>
<li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></li>
<li>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required> A valid email address, please.</li>
<li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></li>
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></p>
<p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></p>
<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required> A valid email address, please.</p>
<p>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></p>

`error_messages`¶

Field.error_messages¶

The error_messages argument lets you override the default messages that the field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you want to override. For example, here is the default error message:

>>> from django import forms
>>> generic = forms.CharField()
>>> generic.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']

Dan ini adalah pesan kesalahan penyesuaian:

>>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please enter your name'})
>>> name.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValidationError: ['Please enter your name']

In the built-in Field classes section below, each Field defines the error message keys it uses.

`validators`¶

Field.validators¶

Argumen validators membiarkan anda menyediakan daftar dari fungsi pengecekan untuk bidang ini.

Lihat validators documentation untuk informasi lebih.

`localize`¶

Field.localize¶

The localize argument enables the localization of form data input, as well as the rendered output.

Lihat dokuemntasi format localization untuk informasi lebih.

`disabled`¶

Field.disabled¶

The disabled boolean argument, when set to True, disables a form field using the disabled HTML attribute so that it won't be editable by users. Even if a user tampers with the field's value submitted to the server, it will be ignored in favor of the value from the form's initial data.

Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubah¶

`has_changed()`¶

Field.has_changed()[sumber]¶

The has_changed() method is used to determine if the field value has changed from the initial value. Returns True or False.

Lihat dokumentasi Form.has_changed() untuk informasi lebih.

KelaS-kelas `Field` siap-pakai¶

Naturally, the forms library comes with a set of Field classes that represent common validation needs. This section documents each built-in field.

For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify widget. We also specify the value returned when you provide an empty value (see the section on required above to understand what that means).

`BooleanField`¶

class BooleanField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: CheckboxInput
Nilai kosong: False
Dinormalkan pada: Nilai Python True atau False.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai adalah True (misalnya kotak centang dicentang) jika bidang mempunyai required=True.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required

Catatan

Since all Field subclasses have required=True by default, the validation condition here is important. If you want to include a boolean in your form that can be either True or False (e.g. a checked or unchecked checkbox), you must remember to pass in required=False when creating the BooleanField.

`CharField`¶

class CharField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai empty_value.
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Menggunakan MaxLengthValidator dan MinLengthValidator jika max_length dan min_length disediakan. Sebaliknya, semua masukan adalah sah.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, max_length, min_length

Mempunyai tiga argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

max_length¶

min_length¶

If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the given length.

strip¶: Jika True (awalan), nilai akan dilucuti dari terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong.

empty_value¶: NIlai digunakan untuk mewakilkan "empty". Awalan pada string kosong.

`ChoiceField`¶

class ChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awalan: Select
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Mensahkan yaitu nilai yang diberikan ada dalam daftar pilihan.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

Mengambil satu argumen tambahan:

choices¶: Either an iterable (e.g., a list or tuple) of 2-tuples to use as choices for this field, or a callable that returns such an iterable. This argument accepts the same formats as the choices argument to a model field. See the model field reference documentation on choices for more details. If the argument is a callable, it is evaluated each time the field's form is initialized. Defaults to an empty list.

`TypedChoiceField`¶

class TypedChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Just like a ChoiceField, except TypedChoiceField takes two extra arguments, coerce and empty_value.

Widget awalan: Select
Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai empty_value.
Normalizes to: A value of the type provided by the coerce argument.
Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices and can be coerced.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

Mengambil argumen tambahan:

coerce¶: A function that takes one argument and returns a coerced value. Examples include the built-in int, float, bool and other types. Defaults to an identity function. Note that coercion happens after input validation, so it is possible to coerce to a value not present in choices.

empty_value¶: The value to use to represent "empty." Defaults to the empty string; None is another common choice here. Note that this value will not be coerced by the function given in the coerce argument, so choose it accordingly.

`DateField`¶

class DateField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: DateInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.date Python.
Validates that the given value is either a datetime.date, datetime.datetime or string formatted in a particular date format.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

input_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.date object.

Jika tidak ada argumen input_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

['%Y-%m-%d',      # '2006-10-25'
 '%m/%d/%Y',      # '10/25/2006'
 '%m/%d/%y']      # '10/25/06'

Additionally, if you specify USE_L10N=False in your settings, the following will also be included in the default input formats:

['%b %d %Y',      # 'Oct 25 2006'
 '%b %d, %Y',     # 'Oct 25, 2006'
 '%d %b %Y',      # '25 Oct 2006'
 '%d %b, %Y',     # '25 Oct, 2006'
 '%B %d %Y',      # 'October 25 2006'
 '%B %d, %Y',     # 'October 25, 2006'
 '%d %B %Y',      # '25 October 2006'
 '%d %B, %Y']     # '25 October, 2006'

Lihat juga format localization.

`DateTimeField`¶

class DateTimeField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: DateTimeInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.datetime Python.
Validates that the given value is either a datetime.datetime, datetime.date or string formatted in a particular datetime format.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

input_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.datetime object.

Jika tidak ada argumen input_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',    # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'
 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',       # '2006-10-25 14:30'
 '%Y-%m-%d',             # '2006-10-25'
 '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/2006 14:30:59'
 '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',       # '10/25/2006 14:30'
 '%m/%d/%Y',             # '10/25/2006'
 '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/06 14:30:59'
 '%m/%d/%y %H:%M',       # '10/25/06 14:30'
 '%m/%d/%y']             # '10/25/06'

Lihat juga format localization.

`DecimalField`¶

class DecimalField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awalan: NumberInput ketika Field.localize adalah False, selain itu TextInput.
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah decimal Python.
Validates that the given value is a decimal. Uses MaxValueValidator and MinValueValidator if max_value and min_value are provided. Leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value, max_digits, max_decimal_places, max_whole_digits

The max_value and min_value error messages may contain %(limit_value)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit. Similarly, the max_digits, max_decimal_places and max_whole_digits error messages may contain %(max)s.

Mengambil empat argumen pilihan:

max_value¶

min_value¶: Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan dalam bidang, dan harus diberikan sebagai nilai decimal.Decimal.

max_digits¶: The maximum number of digits (those before the decimal point plus those after the decimal point, with leading zeros stripped) permitted in the value.

decimal_places¶: Angka maksimal dari tempat desimal yang diizinkan.

`DurationField`¶

class DurationField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah timedelta Python.
Validates that the given value is a string which can be converted into a timedelta. The value must be between datetime.timedelta.min and datetime.timedelta.max.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, overflow.

Menerima bentuk apapun yang dipahami oleh parse_duration().

`EmailField`¶

class EmailField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: EmailInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Uses EmailValidator to validate that the given value is a valid email address, using a moderately complex regular expression.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Has two optional arguments for validation, max_length and min_length. If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the given length.

`FileField`¶

class FileField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: ClearableFileInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: An UploadedFile object that wraps the file content and file name into a single object.
Can validate that non-empty file data has been bound to the form.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, missing, empty, max_length

Has two optional arguments for validation, max_length and allow_empty_file. If provided, these ensure that the file name is at most the given length, and that validation will succeed even if the file content is empty.

Untuk belajar mengenai obyek UploadedFile, lihat file uploads documentation.

When you use a FileField in a form, you must also remember to bind the file data to the form.

The max_length error refers to the length of the filename. In the error message for that key, %(max)d will be replaced with the maximum filename length and %(length)d will be replaced with the current filename length.

`FilePathField`¶

class FilePathField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awalan: Select
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Sahkan pilihan terpilih yang ada dalam daftar pilihan.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

The field allows choosing from files inside a certain directory. It takes five extra arguments; only path is required:

path¶: Jalur mutlak ke pelipat yang isinya anda ingin daftarkan. Pelipat harus ada.

recursive¶: If False (the default) only the direct contents of path will be offered as choices. If True, the directory will be descended into recursively and all descendants will be listed as choices.

match¶: A regular expression pattern; only files with names matching this expression will be allowed as choices.

allow_files¶: Optional. Either True or False. Default is True. Specifies whether files in the specified location should be included. Either this or allow_folders must be True.

allow_folders¶: Optional. Either True or False. Default is False. Specifies whether folders in the specified location should be included. Either this or allow_files must be True.

`FloatField`¶

class FloatField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awalan: NumberInput ketika Field.localize adalah False, selain itu TextInput.
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah float Python.
Validates that the given value is a float. Uses MaxValueValidator and MinValueValidator if max_value and min_value are provided. Leading and trailing whitespace is allowed, as in Python's float() function.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value

Takes two optional arguments for validation, max_value and min_value. These control the range of values permitted in the field.

`ImageField`¶

class ImageField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: ClearableFileInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: An UploadedFile object that wraps the file content and file name into a single object.
Validates that file data has been bound to the form. Also uses FileExtensionValidator to validate that the file extension is supported by Pillow.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, missing, empty, invalid_image

Using an ImageField requires that Pillow is installed with support for the image formats you use. If you encounter a corrupt image error when you upload an image, it usually means that Pillow doesn't understand its format. To fix this, install the appropriate library and reinstall Pillow.

Ketika menggunakan ImageField pada formulir, anda harus juga mengingat untuk bind the file data to the form.

After the field has been cleaned and validated, the UploadedFile object will have an additional image attribute containing the Pillow Image instance used to check if the file was a valid image. Also, UploadedFile.content_type will be updated with the image's content type if Pillow can determine it, otherwise it will be set to None.

`IntegerField`¶

class IntegerField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awalan: NumberInput ketika Field.localize adalah False, selain itu TextInput.
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah integer Python.
mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah integer. Gunakan MaxValueValidator dan MinValueValidator jika max_value dan min_value disediakan. Awalan dan pengekangan ruang putih diijinkan, seeprti dalam fungsi int() Python.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value

The max_value and min_value error messages may contain %(limit_value)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

max_value¶

min_value¶

Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan di bidang.

`GenericIPAddressField`¶

class GenericIPAddressField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Bidang mengandung antara alamat IPv4 atau IPv6.

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Dinormalkan ke: String. Alamat IPv6 dinormalkan seperti digambarkan dibawah.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah alamat IP sah.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Normalisasi alamat IPv6 mengikuti RFC 4291#section-2.2 bagian 2.2, termasuk menggunakan bentuk IPv4 disarankan dalam paragraf 3 dari bagian itu, seperti ::ffff:192.0.2.0. Sebagai contoh, 2001:0::0:01 akan dinormalkan menjadi 2001::1, dan ::ffff:0a0a:0a0a menjadi ::ffff:10.10.10.10. Semau karakter dirubah menjadi huruf kecil.

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

protocol¶: Membatasi masukan sah pada protokol tertentu. Nilai-nilai diterima adalah both (default), IPv4 atau IPv6. Cocok adalah kasus tidak peka.

unpack_ipv4¶: Unpacks IPv4 mapped addresses like ::ffff:192.0.2.1. If this option is enabled that address would be unpacked to 192.0.2.1. Default is disabled. Can only be used when protocol is set to 'both'.

`MultipleChoiceField`¶

class MultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: SelectMultiple
Nilai kosong: [] (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah list dari string.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai di daftar yang diberikan dari nilai yang ada di daftar pilihan.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, invalid_list

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

Mengambil satu tambahan argumen wajib, choices, tentang ChoiceField.

`TypedMultipleChoiceField`¶

class TypedMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Sama seperti MultipleChoiceField, kecuali TypedMultipleChoiceField mengambil dua argumen tambahan, coerce dan empty_value.

Widget awal: SelectMultiple
Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai empty_value.
Normalizes to: A list of values of the type provided by the coerce argument.
Validates that the given values exists in the list of choices and can be coerced.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be replaced with the selected choice.

Takes two extra arguments, coerce and empty_value, as for TypedChoiceField.

`NullBooleanField`¶

class NullBooleanField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: :class:`TypedMultipleChoiceField`
Nilai kosong: None
Normalizes to: A Python True, False or None value.
Validates nothing (i.e., it never raises a ValidationError).

`RegexField`¶

class RegexField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Uses RegexValidator to validate that the given value matches a certain regular expression.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Mengambil satu argumen diwajibkan:

regex¶: A regular expression specified either as a string or a compiled regular expression object.

Also takes max_length, min_length, and strip, which work just as they do for CharField.

strip¶: Defaults to False. If enabled, stripping will be applied before the regex validation.

`SlugField`¶

class SlugField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Menggunakan validate_slug atau validate_unicode_slug untuk mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan mengandung hanya huruf, angka, garis bawah dan penghubung.
Pesan kesalahan: required, invalid.

Bidang ini dimaksudkan untuk digunakan dalam mewakilkan model SlugField di formulir.

Mengambil sebuah parameter pilihan:

allow_unicode¶: A boolean instructing the field to accept Unicode letters in addition to ASCII letters. Defaults to False.

`TimeField`¶

class TimeField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TimeInput
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.time Python.
Validates that the given value is either a datetime.time or string formatted in a particular time format.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

input_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.time object.

Jika tidak ada argumen input_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

'%H:%M:%S',     # '14:30:59'
'%H:%M',        # '14:30'

`URLField`¶

class URLField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: URLInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Uses URLValidator to validate that the given value is a valid URL.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Mengambil argumen pilihan berikut:

max_length¶

min_length¶

Ini adalah sama seperti CharField.max_length dan CharField.min_length.

`UUIDField`¶

class UUIDField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek class:~python:uuid.UUID.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

This field will accept any string format accepted as the hex argument to the UUID constructor.

Slightly complex built-in `Field` classes¶

`ComboField`¶

class ComboField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.
Validates the given value against each of the fields specified as an argument to the ComboField.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

Mengambil satu argumen tambahan diwajibkan:

fields¶

The list of fields that should be used to validate the field's value (in the order in which they are provided).

>>> from django.forms import ComboField
>>> f = ComboField(fields=[CharField(max_length=20), EmailField()])
>>> f.clean('[email protected]')
'[email protected]'
>>> f.clean('[email protected]')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['Ensure this value has at most 20 characters (it has 28).']

`MultiValueField`¶

class MultiValueField(fields=(), **kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: TextInput
Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
Normalizes to: the type returned by the compress method of the subclass.
Validates the given value against each of the fields specified as an argument to the MultiValueField.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, incomplete

Aggregates the logic of multiple fields that together produce a single value.

This field is abstract and must be subclassed. In contrast with the single-value fields, subclasses of MultiValueField must not implement clean() but instead - implement compress().

Mengambil satu argumen tambahan diwajibkan:

fields¶: A tuple of fields whose values are cleaned and subsequently combined into a single value. Each value of the field is cleaned by the corresponding field in fields -- the first value is cleaned by the first field, the second value is cleaned by the second field, etc. Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is combined into a single value by compress().

Juga ambil beberapa argumen pilihan:

require_all_fields¶

Defaults to True, in which case a required validation error will be raised if no value is supplied for any field.

When set to False, the Field.required attribute can be set to False for individual fields to make them optional. If no value is supplied for a required field, an incomplete validation error will be raised.

A default incomplete error message can be defined on the MultiValueField subclass, or different messages can be defined on each individual field. For example:

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class PhoneField(MultiValueField):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        # Define one message for all fields.
        error_messages = {
            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
        }
        # Or define a different message for each field.
        fields = (
            CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
                validators=[
                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
                ],
            ),
            CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
            ),
            CharField(
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
                required=False,
            ),
        )
        super().__init__(
            error_messages=error_messages, fields=fields,
            require_all_fields=False, **kwargs
        )

widget¶: Must be a subclass of django.forms.MultiWidget. Default value is TextInput, which probably is not very useful in this case.

compress(data_list)[sumber]¶

Takes a list of valid values and returns a "compressed" version of those values -- in a single value. For example, SplitDateTimeField is a subclass which combines a time field and a date field into a datetime object.

Cara ini harus diterapkan di subkelas.

`SplitDateTimeField`¶

class SplitDateTimeField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: SplitDateTimeWidget
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.datetime Python.
Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah berbentuk datetime.datetime atau string dalam bentuk datetime khusus.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, invalid_date, invalid_time

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

input_date_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.date object.

If no input_date_formats argument is provided, the default input formats for DateField are used.

input_time_formats¶: A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid datetime.time object.

Jika tidak ada argumen input_time_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan untuk TimeField adalah yang digunakan.

Bidang-bidang yang menangani hubungan¶

Two fields are available for representing relationships between models: ModelChoiceField and ModelMultipleChoiceField. Both of these fields require a single queryset parameter that is used to create the choices for the field. Upon form validation, these fields will place either one model object (in the case of ModelChoiceField) or multiple model objects (in the case of ModelMultipleChoiceField) into the cleaned_data dictionary of the form.

Untuk penggunaan lebih rumit, anda dapat menentukan queryset=None ketika menyatakan bidang formulir dan kemudian mengumpulkan queryset dalam metode __init__() formulir:

class FooMultipleChoiceForm(forms.Form):
    foo_select = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=None)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['foo_select'].queryset = ...

`ModelChoiceField`¶

class ModelChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awalan: Select
Nilai kosong: None
Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah instance model.
Mensahkan dimana id diberikan ada dalam queryset.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

Mengizinkan pemilihan dari obyek model tunggal, cocok untuk mewakili sebuah foreign-key. Catat bahwa widget awalan untuk ModelChoiceField menjadi tidak praktis ketika angka dari masukan meningkat. Anda harus menghindari menggunakan itu untuk lebih dari 100 barang.

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

queryset¶: Sebuah QuerySet obyek model dimana pilihan untuk bidang adalah diturunkan dan dimana digunakan untuk mensahkan pemilihan pengguna. Itu dinilai ketika formulir dibangun.

ModelChoiceField juga mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

empty_label¶

By default the <select> widget used by ModelChoiceField will have an empty choice at the top of the list. You can change the text of this label (which is "---------" by default) with the empty_label attribute, or you can disable the empty label entirely by setting empty_label to None:

# A custom empty label
field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label="(Nothing)")

# No empty label
field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label=None)

Catat bahwa jika sebuah ModelChoiceField diwajibkan dan mempunyai nilai awal awalan, tidak ada pilihan kosong dibuat (meskipun dari nilai dari empty_label).

to_field_name¶

This optional argument is used to specify the field to use as the value of the choices in the field's widget. Be sure it's a unique field for the model, otherwise the selected value could match more than one object. By default it is set to None, in which case the primary key of each object will be used. For example:

# No custom to_field_name
field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=...)

akan menghasilkan:

<select id="id_field1" name="field1">
<option value="obj1.pk">Object1</option>
<option value="obj2.pk">Object2</option>
...
</select>

dan:

# to_field_name provided
field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., to_field_name="name")

akan menghasilkan:

<select id="id_field2" name="field2">
<option value="obj1.name">Object1</option>
<option value="obj2.name">Object2</option>
...
</select>

The __str__() method of the model will be called to generate string representations of the objects for use in the field's choices. To provide customized representations, subclass ModelChoiceField and override label_from_instance. This method will receive a model object and should return a string suitable for representing it. For example:

from django.forms import ModelChoiceField

class MyModelChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):
    def label_from_instance(self, obj):
        return "My Object #%i" % obj.id

`ModelMultipleChoiceField`¶

class ModelMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)[sumber]¶

Widget awal: SelectMultiple
Nilai kosong: Sebuah (self.queryset.none()) QuerySet
Normalizes to: A QuerySet of model instances.
Mensahkan bahwa setiap id dalam daftar yang diberikan dari nilai ada dalam queryset.
Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, list, invalid_choice, invalid_pk_value

Pesan invalid_choice mungkin mengandung %(value)s dan pesan invalid_pk_value mungkin mengandung %(pk)s, yang akan diganti oleh nilai-nilai sesuai.

Mengizinkan pemilihan satu atau lebih obyek model, cocok untuk mewakili hubungan many-to-many. Seperti dengan ModelChoiceField, anda dapat menggunakan label_from_instance untuk menyesuaikan perwakilan obyek.

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

queryset¶: Sama seperti ModelChoiceField.queryset.

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

to_field_name¶: Sama seperti ModelChoiceField.to_field_name.

Membuat bidang penyesuaian¶

Jika kelas-kelas Field siap-pakai tidak memenuhi kebutuhan anda, anda dapat dengan mudah membuat kelas-kelas Field penyesuaian. Untuk melakukan ini, cukup buat sebuah subkelas dari django.forms.Field. Persyaratannya hanya bahwa itu menerapkan metode clean() dan dimana metode __init__() nya menerima argumen-argumen inti disebutkan diatas (required, label, initial, widget, help_text).

Anda dapat juga menyesuaikan bagaimana bidang akan diakses dengan menimpa get_bound_field().

API Formulir

Fungsi Formulir Model

Dokumentasi

Bidang formulir¶

Argumen bidang inti¶

required¶

label¶

label_suffix¶

initial¶

widget¶

help_text¶

error_messages¶

validators¶

localize¶

disabled¶

Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubah¶

has_changed()¶

KelaS-kelas Field siap-pakai¶

BooleanField¶

CharField¶

ChoiceField¶

TypedChoiceField¶

DateField¶

DateTimeField¶

DecimalField¶

DurationField¶

EmailField¶

FileField¶

FilePathField¶

FloatField¶

ImageField¶

IntegerField¶

GenericIPAddressField¶

MultipleChoiceField¶

TypedMultipleChoiceField¶

NullBooleanField¶

RegexField¶

SlugField¶

TimeField¶

URLField¶

UUIDField¶

Slightly complex built-in Field classes¶

ComboField¶

MultiValueField¶

SplitDateTimeField¶

Bidang-bidang yang menangani hubungan¶

ModelChoiceField¶

ModelMultipleChoiceField¶

Membuat bidang penyesuaian¶

Additional Information

Support Django!

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`required`¶

`label`¶

`label_suffix`¶

`initial`¶

`widget`¶

`help_text`¶

`error_messages`¶

`validators`¶

`localize`¶

`disabled`¶

`has_changed()`¶

KelaS-kelas `Field` siap-pakai¶

`BooleanField`¶

`CharField`¶

`ChoiceField`¶

`TypedChoiceField`¶

`DateField`¶

`DateTimeField`¶

`DecimalField`¶

`DurationField`¶

`EmailField`¶

`FileField`¶

`FilePathField`¶

`FloatField`¶

`ImageField`¶

`IntegerField`¶

`GenericIPAddressField`¶

`MultipleChoiceField`¶

`TypedMultipleChoiceField`¶

`NullBooleanField`¶

`RegexField`¶

`SlugField`¶

`TimeField`¶

`URLField`¶

`UUIDField`¶

Slightly complex built-in `Field` classes¶

`ComboField`¶

`MultiValueField`¶

`SplitDateTimeField`¶

`ModelChoiceField`¶

`ModelMultipleChoiceField`¶