Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition developing from a supplementary chromosome 21, referred... more Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition developing from a supplementary chromosome 21, referred to as trisomy 21. It ranks among the most prevalent developmental disabilities. People with DS often live inactive lifestyles, not meeting the weekly physical activity guidelines. With age, they face increased risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as well as neurological and orthopedic concerns. Physiotherapy is especially important for improving balance, coordination, strength, and endurance in adults over the age of 50. Our approach consisted of a three-week regimen that included strengthening exercises based on the DeLorme strength training principle, balance exercises with perturbation and treadmill training, and coordination exercises with equilibrium and non-equilibrium movements. We evaluated outcomes using measures such as the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Functional Independence Measure, which were performed before and after the physiotherapy intervention. We present a case study of a 53year-old woman to demonstrate the importance of physiotherapy in making lifestyle changes and improving strength, balance, and endurance, thereby improving overall quality of life through tailored interventions.
This case study examines the rehabilitation strategy for a 51-year-old farmer with primary neopla... more This case study examines the rehabilitation strategy for a 51-year-old farmer with primary neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS)-related hemiparesis, balance issues, and cognitive impairment. Primary neoplasm of the CNS is a rare type of cancer that affects the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the CNS. Hemiparesis, which is weakness on one side of the body, is a common symptom of primary neoplasm of the CNS. The tumour can cause inflammation and swelling in the brain, which can further contribute to weakness. Symptoms include headaches, confusion, seizures, and changes in vision or speech. The patient underwent surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy but faced challenges in physiotherapy. The patient's initial assessment revealed asymmetries and impairments on the right side, including muscle weakness, flexor synergy, trunk imbalance, gait abnormalities, and cognitive impairment. A tailored physiotherapy protocol was implemented, focusing on improving muscle strength, synergy patterns, balance, gait, motor control, speech, and cognitive function. Innovative robotic gloves technology was incorporated to enhance hand functionality. This case study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation strategies, including innovative technologies, in optimising recovery for individuals with CNS lymphoma-related neurological deficits. Further research and exploration could further validate their benefits and enhance the overall rehabilitation journey for such patients.
This case report presents a 54-year-old male with a history of type-2 diabetes mellitus who exper... more This case report presents a 54-year-old male with a history of type-2 diabetes mellitus who experienced sudden unconsciousness and vomiting, leading to aspiration and subsequent diagnosis of a hemorrhagic stroke. The patient underwent an immediate decompressive craniotomy, revealing a sizable intraparenchymal hematoma in the right basal ganglia and corona radiata. Postoperatively, the patient exhibited left-sided weakness, hyporeflexia, and cognitive impairment. A comprehensive neurophysiotherapy intervention addressed impaired mobility, strength, balance, coordination, respiratory complications, pain management, and other associated challenges. The rehabilitation protocol involved diverse strategies such as passive and active exercises, sensory stimulation, and the application of neurophysiotherapeutic approaches. The patient's progress was assessed using various outcome measures. Neurophysiotherapy plays a crucial role in the recovery of decompressive craniotomy.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is described by a wide range of motor impairment, flaccidity, hypor... more Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is described by a wide range of motor impairment, flaccidity, hyporeflexia, and progressive and ascending flaccid paralysis. Group B Streptococcus, also known as Streptococcus agalactia and Campylobacter jejuni, are Gram-positive bacteria also known as the leading cause of GBS; its variants are acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP), and Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS). A 20-year-old girl came with complaints of generalized weakness, fever and pain over the lower limb. Huges (GBS disability scale) and the Functional Independence Measure scale were used for recording the outcome measures, and treatment has been demonstrated to lessen challenges and enhance health and quality of life. The rehabilitation protocol results in the improvement of posture motor control and the avoidance of secondary impairments.
Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain parenchyma accompanied by symptoms indicat... more Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain parenchyma accompanied by symptoms indicative of brain dysfunction. A headache, fever, vomiting, altered state of consciousness, and, in some cases, seizures characterize varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis. Rehabilitation after the manifestation of neurological symptoms must be tailored, and a well-coordinated intervention must be formulated. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique is a widespread rehabilitation approach used to restore motor function. A 29-year-old male is presented in this case report with VZV viral encephalitis with complaints of generalized weakness, headache, and oromotor difficulties. This case report specifies the physiotherapeutic protocol, mainly focusing on the PNF approach. Patient's occupational requirements and enhancement in executing daily living tasks were the focus of the physiotherapeutic rehabilitation. The outcomes used were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). We report a marked increment in muscle tone and strength, active range of motion (AROM), and significant enhancement in the individual's functional independence with physiotherapeutic protocol post-operatively.
Distal radius bone fracture termed a volar Barton fracture takes place when the ventral portion o... more Distal radius bone fracture termed a volar Barton fracture takes place when the ventral portion of the bone is displaced. This fracture happens obliquely within the joint itself. This is the case report of a 52-year-old female, who met with a road traffic accident and injured her left wrist. After the necessary investigation, she was diagnosed with a volar Barton fracture of the left wrist without any neurological deficits. After this, she was managed with open reduction and internal fixation with plate osteosynthesis. Postoperatively, the patient complained of pain around the left wrist joint and there was also restriction in the movements of the left wrist, which caused it to be difficult to perform everyday tasks. We report that following surgery, physical therapy intervention significantly reduced the intensity of pain, improved the range of motion, and strength of the muscle, and remarkable progress in the patient's functional independence. An Upper Extremity Functional Index was used as an outcome measure.
Vestibular Schwannoma forms in Schwann cells which cover the vestibular nerve, often in the inter... more Vestibular Schwannoma forms in Schwann cells which cover the vestibular nerve, often in the internal auditory canal. Symptoms were likely present before the excision of the tumor. After the excision of the tumor, symptoms may include, hearing defects, tinnitus, facial muscle abnormalities, headache, and balance impairments. This case report is of a female patient with vestibular schwannoma, who had a few abovementioned symptoms after the surgery. Her physiotherapy protocol included Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation Therapy along with Conventional Physiotherapy. Also, facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) was a part of her treatment. The outcome measures used to rule out the results were the motion sensitivity quotient (MSQ) and the Berg balance scale (BBS). Improvement of symptoms is likely related to the excision of the tumor and the therapy program. The person's balance and coordination improved as a result of the rehabilitation protocol, and she was able to do her regular tasks with minimal assistance. Her standard of living was also enhanced.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive developmental delay disorder that mainly affects childre... more Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive developmental delay disorder that mainly affects children. A strategy for enhancing organizational abilities, including practices based on evidence, and improving outcomes is the base of clinical management in physiotherapy. A seven-year-old girl presented with a history of difficulty walking, standing for extended periods, and performing gross and fine motor movements. MRI revealed generalized atrophy of the cerebellum. The child was managed by medications and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy intervention was based on goal-oriented strategies, which include Rood's approach, constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), passive stretching, etc. This goal-oriented program showed an improvement in the treatment outcomes of the child. The child was walking independently with a proper gait pattern and was able to maintain both static and dynamic balance. Initial physical therapy management using integrated methods promotes the achievement of developmental milestones like gross motor skills in ataxic cerebral palsy children.
Over 80% of stroke patients suffer from the most frequent form, ischemic stroke. It is rare in th... more Over 80% of stroke patients suffer from the most frequent form, ischemic stroke. It is rare in the pediatric age group, with an estimated frequency of 1.6 per 100,000 per year. In this case report, we reviewed a case of an 11-year-old female child with bilateral hemiplegia. Motor impairments are defined as weakness or paralysis on the opposite side of the body from the lesion (hemiplegia or hemiparesis). Complications and impairments include difficulty swallowing or eating, communication difficulties (both receptive and expressive), emotional changes, loss of bladder or bowel control, muscle and nerve diseases, and language, speech, and memory problems. A patient-centered approach to rehabilitation interventions was given. The patient's functional ability was greatly enhanced due to the physiotherapy rehabilitation we used. Effective rehabilitation has taken advantage of the brain's capacity for repair and recovery. A patient-centered approach to rehabilitation interventions promotes healing and independence through restitution, compensation, and prevention. Task-oriented training using motor learning constructs, coupled with exercise science, forms the basis of the intervention. Every outcome measure that was used showed improvement in the patient.
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Dec 14, 2021
Introduction: Acoustic neuromas are most common tumors of CP angle, accounting more than 90% of a... more Introduction: Acoustic neuromas are most common tumors of CP angle, accounting more than 90% of all such tumors. Meningioma, primary cholesteratoma and facial nerve schwanoma are the different type of tumors. Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor situates in CP angle which has a fibrous growth and originates from the division of vestibulochochlear nerve. Aim: Impact of Balance Training and Coordination Exercises in Post-Operative Left Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Case Presentation: A 40 year old male with right hand dominance was referred to physiotherapy department. On examination he presented mild impairment in balance and coordination , assisted walking.
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Dec 23, 2021
Stroke is defined as a clinical illness characterised by a sudden onset of cerebral impairment th... more Stroke is defined as a clinical illness characterised by a sudden onset of cerebral impairment that lasts more than 24 hours or results in death with no obvious explanation other than a vascular origin.Every year, around 800,000 people have a stroke, or one every 40 seconds. Strokes are caused by difficulties with the brain's blood supply: either the blood supply is cut off or a blood artery within the brain bursts, killing brain tissue. A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Present case report is of a 39-year-old male with right side weakness. Patient's right upper limb recovery stage was 1 going towards 2, and lower limb recovery stage was 2 going towards 3 on first day of assessment. Patient was treated with Neurodevelopmental therapy combined with conventional physiotherapy for a period of 8 weeks. Balance, Gait Case Study
Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy is a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)-an ... more Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy is a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)-an asymmetrical condition that primarily affects the segment of the peripheral nervous system. Weakness or tingling sensations that be commenced in the inferior limbs and progress to the brachium and face are early signs of this condition. Physiotherapy plays a very crucial role in acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy in combination with medical management. Criteria through which the clinicians conclude the same are marked affection in the proximal musculature, lower motor neuron type of manifestation, and commencement of symptoms in an ascending sequence. In this study, we presented a case of a 62-year-old male who manifested with the complaint of bilateral superior and inferior limb weakness and was admitted to our hospital. He was diagnosed with acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy after investigations, such as a lumbar puncture, which revealed a raised level of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). With these complaints, he was referred to the physiotherapy wing, and physiotherapy rehabilitation was commenced. Thus, we concluded from this study that in the case of acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy, physiotherapy rehabilitation was proven to be fruitful in the speedy recovery of the patient and preventing secondary complications along with improving strength and activities of daily living (ADLs) and enhancing the overall quality of life.
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition developing from a supplementary chromosome 21, referred... more Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition developing from a supplementary chromosome 21, referred to as trisomy 21. It ranks among the most prevalent developmental disabilities. People with DS often live inactive lifestyles, not meeting the weekly physical activity guidelines. With age, they face increased risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as well as neurological and orthopedic concerns. Physiotherapy is especially important for improving balance, coordination, strength, and endurance in adults over the age of 50. Our approach consisted of a three-week regimen that included strengthening exercises based on the DeLorme strength training principle, balance exercises with perturbation and treadmill training, and coordination exercises with equilibrium and non-equilibrium movements. We evaluated outcomes using measures such as the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Functional Independence Measure, which were performed before and after the physiotherapy intervention. We present a case study of a 53year-old woman to demonstrate the importance of physiotherapy in making lifestyle changes and improving strength, balance, and endurance, thereby improving overall quality of life through tailored interventions.
This case study examines the rehabilitation strategy for a 51-year-old farmer with primary neopla... more This case study examines the rehabilitation strategy for a 51-year-old farmer with primary neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS)-related hemiparesis, balance issues, and cognitive impairment. Primary neoplasm of the CNS is a rare type of cancer that affects the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the CNS. Hemiparesis, which is weakness on one side of the body, is a common symptom of primary neoplasm of the CNS. The tumour can cause inflammation and swelling in the brain, which can further contribute to weakness. Symptoms include headaches, confusion, seizures, and changes in vision or speech. The patient underwent surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy but faced challenges in physiotherapy. The patient's initial assessment revealed asymmetries and impairments on the right side, including muscle weakness, flexor synergy, trunk imbalance, gait abnormalities, and cognitive impairment. A tailored physiotherapy protocol was implemented, focusing on improving muscle strength, synergy patterns, balance, gait, motor control, speech, and cognitive function. Innovative robotic gloves technology was incorporated to enhance hand functionality. This case study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation strategies, including innovative technologies, in optimising recovery for individuals with CNS lymphoma-related neurological deficits. Further research and exploration could further validate their benefits and enhance the overall rehabilitation journey for such patients.
This case report presents a 54-year-old male with a history of type-2 diabetes mellitus who exper... more This case report presents a 54-year-old male with a history of type-2 diabetes mellitus who experienced sudden unconsciousness and vomiting, leading to aspiration and subsequent diagnosis of a hemorrhagic stroke. The patient underwent an immediate decompressive craniotomy, revealing a sizable intraparenchymal hematoma in the right basal ganglia and corona radiata. Postoperatively, the patient exhibited left-sided weakness, hyporeflexia, and cognitive impairment. A comprehensive neurophysiotherapy intervention addressed impaired mobility, strength, balance, coordination, respiratory complications, pain management, and other associated challenges. The rehabilitation protocol involved diverse strategies such as passive and active exercises, sensory stimulation, and the application of neurophysiotherapeutic approaches. The patient's progress was assessed using various outcome measures. Neurophysiotherapy plays a crucial role in the recovery of decompressive craniotomy.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is described by a wide range of motor impairment, flaccidity, hypor... more Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is described by a wide range of motor impairment, flaccidity, hyporeflexia, and progressive and ascending flaccid paralysis. Group B Streptococcus, also known as Streptococcus agalactia and Campylobacter jejuni, are Gram-positive bacteria also known as the leading cause of GBS; its variants are acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDP), and Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS). A 20-year-old girl came with complaints of generalized weakness, fever and pain over the lower limb. Huges (GBS disability scale) and the Functional Independence Measure scale were used for recording the outcome measures, and treatment has been demonstrated to lessen challenges and enhance health and quality of life. The rehabilitation protocol results in the improvement of posture motor control and the avoidance of secondary impairments.
Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain parenchyma accompanied by symptoms indicat... more Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain parenchyma accompanied by symptoms indicative of brain dysfunction. A headache, fever, vomiting, altered state of consciousness, and, in some cases, seizures characterize varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis. Rehabilitation after the manifestation of neurological symptoms must be tailored, and a well-coordinated intervention must be formulated. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique is a widespread rehabilitation approach used to restore motor function. A 29-year-old male is presented in this case report with VZV viral encephalitis with complaints of generalized weakness, headache, and oromotor difficulties. This case report specifies the physiotherapeutic protocol, mainly focusing on the PNF approach. Patient's occupational requirements and enhancement in executing daily living tasks were the focus of the physiotherapeutic rehabilitation. The outcomes used were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). We report a marked increment in muscle tone and strength, active range of motion (AROM), and significant enhancement in the individual's functional independence with physiotherapeutic protocol post-operatively.
Distal radius bone fracture termed a volar Barton fracture takes place when the ventral portion o... more Distal radius bone fracture termed a volar Barton fracture takes place when the ventral portion of the bone is displaced. This fracture happens obliquely within the joint itself. This is the case report of a 52-year-old female, who met with a road traffic accident and injured her left wrist. After the necessary investigation, she was diagnosed with a volar Barton fracture of the left wrist without any neurological deficits. After this, she was managed with open reduction and internal fixation with plate osteosynthesis. Postoperatively, the patient complained of pain around the left wrist joint and there was also restriction in the movements of the left wrist, which caused it to be difficult to perform everyday tasks. We report that following surgery, physical therapy intervention significantly reduced the intensity of pain, improved the range of motion, and strength of the muscle, and remarkable progress in the patient's functional independence. An Upper Extremity Functional Index was used as an outcome measure.
Vestibular Schwannoma forms in Schwann cells which cover the vestibular nerve, often in the inter... more Vestibular Schwannoma forms in Schwann cells which cover the vestibular nerve, often in the internal auditory canal. Symptoms were likely present before the excision of the tumor. After the excision of the tumor, symptoms may include, hearing defects, tinnitus, facial muscle abnormalities, headache, and balance impairments. This case report is of a female patient with vestibular schwannoma, who had a few abovementioned symptoms after the surgery. Her physiotherapy protocol included Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation Therapy along with Conventional Physiotherapy. Also, facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) was a part of her treatment. The outcome measures used to rule out the results were the motion sensitivity quotient (MSQ) and the Berg balance scale (BBS). Improvement of symptoms is likely related to the excision of the tumor and the therapy program. The person's balance and coordination improved as a result of the rehabilitation protocol, and she was able to do her regular tasks with minimal assistance. Her standard of living was also enhanced.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive developmental delay disorder that mainly affects childre... more Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive developmental delay disorder that mainly affects children. A strategy for enhancing organizational abilities, including practices based on evidence, and improving outcomes is the base of clinical management in physiotherapy. A seven-year-old girl presented with a history of difficulty walking, standing for extended periods, and performing gross and fine motor movements. MRI revealed generalized atrophy of the cerebellum. The child was managed by medications and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy intervention was based on goal-oriented strategies, which include Rood's approach, constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), passive stretching, etc. This goal-oriented program showed an improvement in the treatment outcomes of the child. The child was walking independently with a proper gait pattern and was able to maintain both static and dynamic balance. Initial physical therapy management using integrated methods promotes the achievement of developmental milestones like gross motor skills in ataxic cerebral palsy children.
Over 80% of stroke patients suffer from the most frequent form, ischemic stroke. It is rare in th... more Over 80% of stroke patients suffer from the most frequent form, ischemic stroke. It is rare in the pediatric age group, with an estimated frequency of 1.6 per 100,000 per year. In this case report, we reviewed a case of an 11-year-old female child with bilateral hemiplegia. Motor impairments are defined as weakness or paralysis on the opposite side of the body from the lesion (hemiplegia or hemiparesis). Complications and impairments include difficulty swallowing or eating, communication difficulties (both receptive and expressive), emotional changes, loss of bladder or bowel control, muscle and nerve diseases, and language, speech, and memory problems. A patient-centered approach to rehabilitation interventions was given. The patient's functional ability was greatly enhanced due to the physiotherapy rehabilitation we used. Effective rehabilitation has taken advantage of the brain's capacity for repair and recovery. A patient-centered approach to rehabilitation interventions promotes healing and independence through restitution, compensation, and prevention. Task-oriented training using motor learning constructs, coupled with exercise science, forms the basis of the intervention. Every outcome measure that was used showed improvement in the patient.
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Dec 14, 2021
Introduction: Acoustic neuromas are most common tumors of CP angle, accounting more than 90% of a... more Introduction: Acoustic neuromas are most common tumors of CP angle, accounting more than 90% of all such tumors. Meningioma, primary cholesteratoma and facial nerve schwanoma are the different type of tumors. Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor situates in CP angle which has a fibrous growth and originates from the division of vestibulochochlear nerve. Aim: Impact of Balance Training and Coordination Exercises in Post-Operative Left Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Case Presentation: A 40 year old male with right hand dominance was referred to physiotherapy department. On examination he presented mild impairment in balance and coordination , assisted walking.
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Dec 23, 2021
Stroke is defined as a clinical illness characterised by a sudden onset of cerebral impairment th... more Stroke is defined as a clinical illness characterised by a sudden onset of cerebral impairment that lasts more than 24 hours or results in death with no obvious explanation other than a vascular origin.Every year, around 800,000 people have a stroke, or one every 40 seconds. Strokes are caused by difficulties with the brain's blood supply: either the blood supply is cut off or a blood artery within the brain bursts, killing brain tissue. A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Present case report is of a 39-year-old male with right side weakness. Patient's right upper limb recovery stage was 1 going towards 2, and lower limb recovery stage was 2 going towards 3 on first day of assessment. Patient was treated with Neurodevelopmental therapy combined with conventional physiotherapy for a period of 8 weeks. Balance, Gait Case Study
Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy is a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)-an ... more Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy is a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)-an asymmetrical condition that primarily affects the segment of the peripheral nervous system. Weakness or tingling sensations that be commenced in the inferior limbs and progress to the brachium and face are early signs of this condition. Physiotherapy plays a very crucial role in acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy in combination with medical management. Criteria through which the clinicians conclude the same are marked affection in the proximal musculature, lower motor neuron type of manifestation, and commencement of symptoms in an ascending sequence. In this study, we presented a case of a 62-year-old male who manifested with the complaint of bilateral superior and inferior limb weakness and was admitted to our hospital. He was diagnosed with acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy after investigations, such as a lumbar puncture, which revealed a raised level of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). With these complaints, he was referred to the physiotherapy wing, and physiotherapy rehabilitation was commenced. Thus, we concluded from this study that in the case of acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy, physiotherapy rehabilitation was proven to be fruitful in the speedy recovery of the patient and preventing secondary complications along with improving strength and activities of daily living (ADLs) and enhancing the overall quality of life.
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