The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is the government agency tasked ... more The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is the government agency tasked to manage and supervise technical education and skills development in the Philippines. In retrospect, we answered the research question: "What is the status of TVET in the Philippines as managed and supervised by TESDA and its future directions towards SDG#4? We described the evolution, goals, objectives, accomplishments, and challenges of TVET in the Philippines. We used the Philippine Qualifications Framework as the underpinning model which establishes a standard for education and training providers. We adopted the descriptive research design and the qualitative archival research approach. Findings revealed that TVET in the Philippines began when it was introduced in the Philippine education system in 1927. There were considerable accomplishments and outcomes of TVET in the Philippines in the past years such as setting the direction of TVET in the Philippines and promulgating relevant standards. These strategic efforts contributed to the employment of TVET graduates, improving the quality of their skills needed by the industry, and having a clearer policy direction on how TVET is implemented in the country. Problems and challenges encountered in the supervision and implementation are related to the poor quality of graduates, low employment of graduates, as well as weak structural and policy implementation as shown by the lack of closer coordination among the TVET stakeholders. We recommended aligning the curriculum development of TVET with the present Philippine Development Plan 2022-2028 and the needs of the industry including the demands of Industry 4.0 to strengthen TVET in the Philippines and align its future direction with SDG#4.
Given the current thrust of government to promote voluntary modes of settling disputes, as well a... more Given the current thrust of government to promote voluntary modes of settling disputes, as well as the increasing attractiveness of less confrontational means of resolving grievances, there is urgent need to reexamine the currently most dominant mechanism for dispute settlement, the grievance machinery. However, there is a lack of locally documented aggregate data on the grievance machinery\u27s role, importance, actual implementation and various factors related to grievance filing and resolution. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to document and verify general knowledge about the grievance machinery as a conflict resolution process, as practiced particularly in the unionized five-star hotels in Metro Manila. The study uses the descriptive and correlation type of research designs. One hundred sixty-one grievants and 13 key informants from the sample 7 hotels were interviewed in a survey. The data were analyzed with the use of different statistical tools. Content analysis, percentage, and mean were employed for the descriptive part and inferential grievance filed (2) average number of tardiness with number of grievances filed and outcome and (3) union involvement and commitment with number of days the case is solved.With no basis to the conclusions of other researches, significant relationships were found on: (1) average number of absences with number of days the grievance is resolved (2) schedule of work with outcome (3) rating of working conditions with number of grievances filed and (4) disciplinary action received with type and outcome of case. Based on the results and its implications, several recommendations are forwarded which can be of practical use to the hotels and other similar establishments. Among them are: (1) reassessment and improvement of the existing grievance machinery (2) institutionalization of the informal method of dispute settlement (3) careful evaluation of management\u27s decision in suspending, warning and terminating employees (4) conduct of grievance handling and dispute settlement seminars (5) review and revision of offenses and of penalties listed in the company house rules and (6) use of preventive approaches such as skip-level interview in managing employee complaints
The purpose of this research is to determine the current training and development experiences and... more The purpose of this research is to determine the current training and development experiences and the emerging best practices of large corporations in the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors in the Philippines. Findings reveal that the most frequently cited importance of training is that it helps improve job performance. Companies implement technical training slightly more than behavioral training. The most often used training method is the lecture, combined with the use of new technologies such as the CD-ROM, the Internet, and the company intranet/portal. Adequate resources like budget and expertise are provided for the delivery of the training and development programs. The implementation of extensive and continuous training and development programs, not only for the improvement of technical competence, but also for the development of cultural behaviors and values congruent with the company’s core values and philosophy, is one of the emerging best practices that stimulate i...
Sustainable development as a concept is a significant landmark in the environmental theory becaus... more Sustainable development as a concept is a significant landmark in the environmental theory because it hypothesizes on how society itself should be organized, and not merely on why certain environmental safeguards should be embraced or how they can be best applied. Our study determined the sustainability reporting of selected leading global universities in Asia, Europe, and the USA. Using the descriptive and comparative research designs, fifteen higher educational institutions from leading global universities with business schools and institutional sustainability development programs were used as sample cases. Based on the universities’ published Sustainability Reports, several patterns of sustainability reporting practices appeared to be being used. Results revealed that all the sampled universities in Asia, Europe, and USA publish their Stand-Alone Sustainability Reports annually, as well as publish parts of their sustainability performance in their Annual Reports at the end of eve...
We probed what are the sustainability initiatives of the selected Publicly Listed Companies in th... more We probed what are the sustainability initiatives of the selected Publicly Listed Companies in the Philippines that are advancing the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly on Good Health and Well-Being and Quality Education. Specifically, we mapped the sustainability programs implemented by the sample companies that are aligned with the 17 UN SDGs. We also determined if these UN SDGs are embedded and articulated in their corporate vision-mission statements. Then, we identified the explicit programs that were implemented by the selected firms that are advancing the pursuit of a few specific targets of SDG#3 and SDG#4. We anchored our study on the theories of Sustainable Development and Humanistic Management and used qualitative descriptive and exploratory research designs. We utilized purposive sampling to select the 20 Publicly Listed Companies based on four criteria. We employed content analysis to determine their specific programs from their Sustainability ...
E-learning is aptly a practical response to continuous learning given the surge in the use of inf... more E-learning is aptly a practical response to continuous learning given the surge in the use of information technology, and economic disruptions impinging on the schools. The need to shift to e-learning has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, we sought to develop an organizational assessment instrument to internally ascertain the level of readiness of the school for sustainable e- learning in the new normal. This assessment instrument was primarily developed for the use of the Mendiola Consortium member schools in their pursuit to conduct elearning. We intended that as an internal self-assessment it can diminish the threat of failure and provide some assurance of the successful implementation of e-learning. We noted that many survey instruments had been made to assess organizational readiness as a construct for e-learning. However, it revealed that these instruments have varying limitations in validity and reliability to establish the domains of organizational r...
We explored the sustainable business practices of selected Philippine corporations that promote t... more We explored the sustainable business practices of selected Philippine corporations that promote the quest for peace. We used three key indicators of sustainable business practices, namely, fostering economic development, espousing corporate citizenship, and respecting the rule of law, as our variables to measure our sustainable business practices construct. On the other hand, we adopted sustainable development and sound business environmental our variables to measure the quest for peace construct. We assumed that sustainable business practices and quest for peace are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. We anchored our study on the Theories of Positive Peace, Sustainable Development, and Humanistic Management. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We selected through the non-probability purposive sampling t...
Public-sector organizations have started to adopt new business models that enable them to deliver... more Public-sector organizations have started to adopt new business models that enable them to deliver public service more effectively and innovatively. However, very few studies have been undertaken to describe and to generate lessons from the deployment of new business models in government. Through the case study research design, we examined how four government training institutes in the Philippines create, deliver, and capture value by utilizing Osterwalder and Pigneur’s business model canvass. After undertaking a cross-case analysis, we generated the following insights: (a) the training institutes’ programs and service orientation are influenced by their mother agencies’ mandates or strategic directions; (b) resource constraints can be overcome through a business model that leverages off collaboration and partnerships; (c) the governance model of the training institute’s mother agency influences its propensity to adopt practices consistent with new public management (NPM) principles;...
In this study, we investigated the case of four pioneering Filipina entrepreneurs from Camarines ... more In this study, we investigated the case of four pioneering Filipina entrepreneurs from Camarines Sur who managed to survive the initial risks associated with start-ups to become one of the market leaders in their respective industries. Camarines Sur is one of the least developed provinces in the Philippines but rich in human and natural resources. Given this background, our study examined the innovation management practices of four women entrepreneurs engaged in agrotourism, trading, and food business in the province. Our study determined and compared the degree by which these entrepreneurs implement practices along the seven innovation management areas. The framework posited by Adams, Bessant, and Phelps (2006) on measure of innovation management was used. Their model consists of seven categories, namely: inputs, knowledge management, strategy, organization and culture, portfolio management, project management and commercialization. Innovation as an output and as a process is the r...
Child labor is one of the Philippines' most crucial problems, and emanates from a range of ec... more Child labor is one of the Philippines' most crucial problems, and emanates from a range of economic and social factors. This research was undertaken to describe the precarious situation of child sex workers in Cebu, Davao, Manila, and Pampanga who are in the tourism industry. Rooted on the Push-Pull factors theory and a descriptive design, it utilized an archival data-gathering method. The data were compiled from the researches done previously on child labor in the tourism industry in the Philippines that included 1046 respondents from the four provinces. Findings revealed that as they work in the establishments and streets, many of these child sex workers are 17 years old (49%), Catholic (88%), female (64%), born in the city/municipality where they work (38%), eldest child in the family (33%), have 3-4 siblings, and are living with their families (48%). A big bulk (67%) of them work to give financial support to help their families or they want to earn easy money. A good number ...
This paper determined the drivers and impact of precarious work on the hotel workers and their un... more This paper determined the drivers and impact of precarious work on the hotel workers and their unions. Based on the proposition that precarious work undermines decent work, a descriptive study with the use of the survey method among 93 respondents from 12 unionized hotels was undertaken. Results showed that the main reason that drives the hotel management to resort to precarious work practices is to lower expenses or costs for salaries and benefits and increase profit. Precarious work has also significantly weakened the union as an organization since their membership continues to decline and their source fund is reduced. Precarious employment prevents women workers from becoming regular employees, thus, they cannot become union members, and denies them of decent pay. The health and safety of precarious workers are at risk since they have multiple jobs in multiple outlets in the hotel and they are assigned to irregular or very limited hours of work and/or long work shifts/work days or work weeks. Therefore, precarious work creates insecurity and leads to increases in inequality and poverty, which undermines the principles of Decent Work. One strategic course of action to abate the prevalent practice of precarious work in the hotel industry is to amend or craft new laws that will give more protection to job security in the workplace. JEL Classifications: L20, M12 Keywords: precarious work, decent work, unionized hotels, women at work, non-regular work, workers at risk
The PASCN Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further... more The PASCN Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions and review. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Network.
This study aims to explore how Filipina entrepreneurs ( EntrePinays ) harmonize their work demand... more This study aims to explore how Filipina entrepreneurs ( EntrePinays ) harmonize their work demands with their family responsibilities and personal needs in order to sustain their business and at the same time live a meaningful and happy life. As an exploratory study utilizing nine participants, the case study approach based on the multiple case dimensions was used. Findings revealed that there are positive and negative spillover effects of work-life relationships. The negative spillover induces stress among the EntrePinays and the positive spillover can lead to their high levels of life satisfaction. Results also showed that EntrePinays are able to harmonize their work and life through various strategies such as personal planning with proper time management, having a flexible work schedule and workload, and delegating routine jobs to trusted employees, usually a family member. Moreover, the extent of spouse support for married entrepreneurs or the degree of support of the family mem...
This article elaborates on an action research undertaken by three researchers from a business sch... more This article elaborates on an action research undertaken by three researchers from a business school of a leading university in the Philippines on the contribution of non-formal education programs in poverty alleviation, aimed to initiate women empowerment and youth development among selected women and youth in the parishes they belong to. Non-formal education programs such as home-based livelihood program, parenting for women, leadership, character building, values clarification, and priority setting for women and youth were administered as a way to reduce the selected parishioners’ vulnerabilities arising from poverty. Using outcome mapping as a project cycle management tool, changed behaviours, attitudes, and values were identified not as final indicators but as an indicator of progress in empowerment and development to which the non-formal education programs contribute.
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is the government agency tasked ... more The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is the government agency tasked to manage and supervise technical education and skills development in the Philippines. In retrospect, we answered the research question: "What is the status of TVET in the Philippines as managed and supervised by TESDA and its future directions towards SDG#4? We described the evolution, goals, objectives, accomplishments, and challenges of TVET in the Philippines. We used the Philippine Qualifications Framework as the underpinning model which establishes a standard for education and training providers. We adopted the descriptive research design and the qualitative archival research approach. Findings revealed that TVET in the Philippines began when it was introduced in the Philippine education system in 1927. There were considerable accomplishments and outcomes of TVET in the Philippines in the past years such as setting the direction of TVET in the Philippines and promulgating relevant standards. These strategic efforts contributed to the employment of TVET graduates, improving the quality of their skills needed by the industry, and having a clearer policy direction on how TVET is implemented in the country. Problems and challenges encountered in the supervision and implementation are related to the poor quality of graduates, low employment of graduates, as well as weak structural and policy implementation as shown by the lack of closer coordination among the TVET stakeholders. We recommended aligning the curriculum development of TVET with the present Philippine Development Plan 2022-2028 and the needs of the industry including the demands of Industry 4.0 to strengthen TVET in the Philippines and align its future direction with SDG#4.
Given the current thrust of government to promote voluntary modes of settling disputes, as well a... more Given the current thrust of government to promote voluntary modes of settling disputes, as well as the increasing attractiveness of less confrontational means of resolving grievances, there is urgent need to reexamine the currently most dominant mechanism for dispute settlement, the grievance machinery. However, there is a lack of locally documented aggregate data on the grievance machinery\u27s role, importance, actual implementation and various factors related to grievance filing and resolution. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to document and verify general knowledge about the grievance machinery as a conflict resolution process, as practiced particularly in the unionized five-star hotels in Metro Manila. The study uses the descriptive and correlation type of research designs. One hundred sixty-one grievants and 13 key informants from the sample 7 hotels were interviewed in a survey. The data were analyzed with the use of different statistical tools. Content analysis, percentage, and mean were employed for the descriptive part and inferential grievance filed (2) average number of tardiness with number of grievances filed and outcome and (3) union involvement and commitment with number of days the case is solved.With no basis to the conclusions of other researches, significant relationships were found on: (1) average number of absences with number of days the grievance is resolved (2) schedule of work with outcome (3) rating of working conditions with number of grievances filed and (4) disciplinary action received with type and outcome of case. Based on the results and its implications, several recommendations are forwarded which can be of practical use to the hotels and other similar establishments. Among them are: (1) reassessment and improvement of the existing grievance machinery (2) institutionalization of the informal method of dispute settlement (3) careful evaluation of management\u27s decision in suspending, warning and terminating employees (4) conduct of grievance handling and dispute settlement seminars (5) review and revision of offenses and of penalties listed in the company house rules and (6) use of preventive approaches such as skip-level interview in managing employee complaints
The purpose of this research is to determine the current training and development experiences and... more The purpose of this research is to determine the current training and development experiences and the emerging best practices of large corporations in the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors in the Philippines. Findings reveal that the most frequently cited importance of training is that it helps improve job performance. Companies implement technical training slightly more than behavioral training. The most often used training method is the lecture, combined with the use of new technologies such as the CD-ROM, the Internet, and the company intranet/portal. Adequate resources like budget and expertise are provided for the delivery of the training and development programs. The implementation of extensive and continuous training and development programs, not only for the improvement of technical competence, but also for the development of cultural behaviors and values congruent with the company’s core values and philosophy, is one of the emerging best practices that stimulate i...
Sustainable development as a concept is a significant landmark in the environmental theory becaus... more Sustainable development as a concept is a significant landmark in the environmental theory because it hypothesizes on how society itself should be organized, and not merely on why certain environmental safeguards should be embraced or how they can be best applied. Our study determined the sustainability reporting of selected leading global universities in Asia, Europe, and the USA. Using the descriptive and comparative research designs, fifteen higher educational institutions from leading global universities with business schools and institutional sustainability development programs were used as sample cases. Based on the universities’ published Sustainability Reports, several patterns of sustainability reporting practices appeared to be being used. Results revealed that all the sampled universities in Asia, Europe, and USA publish their Stand-Alone Sustainability Reports annually, as well as publish parts of their sustainability performance in their Annual Reports at the end of eve...
We probed what are the sustainability initiatives of the selected Publicly Listed Companies in th... more We probed what are the sustainability initiatives of the selected Publicly Listed Companies in the Philippines that are advancing the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly on Good Health and Well-Being and Quality Education. Specifically, we mapped the sustainability programs implemented by the sample companies that are aligned with the 17 UN SDGs. We also determined if these UN SDGs are embedded and articulated in their corporate vision-mission statements. Then, we identified the explicit programs that were implemented by the selected firms that are advancing the pursuit of a few specific targets of SDG#3 and SDG#4. We anchored our study on the theories of Sustainable Development and Humanistic Management and used qualitative descriptive and exploratory research designs. We utilized purposive sampling to select the 20 Publicly Listed Companies based on four criteria. We employed content analysis to determine their specific programs from their Sustainability ...
E-learning is aptly a practical response to continuous learning given the surge in the use of inf... more E-learning is aptly a practical response to continuous learning given the surge in the use of information technology, and economic disruptions impinging on the schools. The need to shift to e-learning has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, we sought to develop an organizational assessment instrument to internally ascertain the level of readiness of the school for sustainable e- learning in the new normal. This assessment instrument was primarily developed for the use of the Mendiola Consortium member schools in their pursuit to conduct elearning. We intended that as an internal self-assessment it can diminish the threat of failure and provide some assurance of the successful implementation of e-learning. We noted that many survey instruments had been made to assess organizational readiness as a construct for e-learning. However, it revealed that these instruments have varying limitations in validity and reliability to establish the domains of organizational r...
We explored the sustainable business practices of selected Philippine corporations that promote t... more We explored the sustainable business practices of selected Philippine corporations that promote the quest for peace. We used three key indicators of sustainable business practices, namely, fostering economic development, espousing corporate citizenship, and respecting the rule of law, as our variables to measure our sustainable business practices construct. On the other hand, we adopted sustainable development and sound business environmental our variables to measure the quest for peace construct. We assumed that sustainable business practices and quest for peace are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. We anchored our study on the Theories of Positive Peace, Sustainable Development, and Humanistic Management. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We selected through the non-probability purposive sampling t...
Public-sector organizations have started to adopt new business models that enable them to deliver... more Public-sector organizations have started to adopt new business models that enable them to deliver public service more effectively and innovatively. However, very few studies have been undertaken to describe and to generate lessons from the deployment of new business models in government. Through the case study research design, we examined how four government training institutes in the Philippines create, deliver, and capture value by utilizing Osterwalder and Pigneur’s business model canvass. After undertaking a cross-case analysis, we generated the following insights: (a) the training institutes’ programs and service orientation are influenced by their mother agencies’ mandates or strategic directions; (b) resource constraints can be overcome through a business model that leverages off collaboration and partnerships; (c) the governance model of the training institute’s mother agency influences its propensity to adopt practices consistent with new public management (NPM) principles;...
In this study, we investigated the case of four pioneering Filipina entrepreneurs from Camarines ... more In this study, we investigated the case of four pioneering Filipina entrepreneurs from Camarines Sur who managed to survive the initial risks associated with start-ups to become one of the market leaders in their respective industries. Camarines Sur is one of the least developed provinces in the Philippines but rich in human and natural resources. Given this background, our study examined the innovation management practices of four women entrepreneurs engaged in agrotourism, trading, and food business in the province. Our study determined and compared the degree by which these entrepreneurs implement practices along the seven innovation management areas. The framework posited by Adams, Bessant, and Phelps (2006) on measure of innovation management was used. Their model consists of seven categories, namely: inputs, knowledge management, strategy, organization and culture, portfolio management, project management and commercialization. Innovation as an output and as a process is the r...
Child labor is one of the Philippines' most crucial problems, and emanates from a range of ec... more Child labor is one of the Philippines' most crucial problems, and emanates from a range of economic and social factors. This research was undertaken to describe the precarious situation of child sex workers in Cebu, Davao, Manila, and Pampanga who are in the tourism industry. Rooted on the Push-Pull factors theory and a descriptive design, it utilized an archival data-gathering method. The data were compiled from the researches done previously on child labor in the tourism industry in the Philippines that included 1046 respondents from the four provinces. Findings revealed that as they work in the establishments and streets, many of these child sex workers are 17 years old (49%), Catholic (88%), female (64%), born in the city/municipality where they work (38%), eldest child in the family (33%), have 3-4 siblings, and are living with their families (48%). A big bulk (67%) of them work to give financial support to help their families or they want to earn easy money. A good number ...
This paper determined the drivers and impact of precarious work on the hotel workers and their un... more This paper determined the drivers and impact of precarious work on the hotel workers and their unions. Based on the proposition that precarious work undermines decent work, a descriptive study with the use of the survey method among 93 respondents from 12 unionized hotels was undertaken. Results showed that the main reason that drives the hotel management to resort to precarious work practices is to lower expenses or costs for salaries and benefits and increase profit. Precarious work has also significantly weakened the union as an organization since their membership continues to decline and their source fund is reduced. Precarious employment prevents women workers from becoming regular employees, thus, they cannot become union members, and denies them of decent pay. The health and safety of precarious workers are at risk since they have multiple jobs in multiple outlets in the hotel and they are assigned to irregular or very limited hours of work and/or long work shifts/work days or work weeks. Therefore, precarious work creates insecurity and leads to increases in inequality and poverty, which undermines the principles of Decent Work. One strategic course of action to abate the prevalent practice of precarious work in the hotel industry is to amend or craft new laws that will give more protection to job security in the workplace. JEL Classifications: L20, M12 Keywords: precarious work, decent work, unionized hotels, women at work, non-regular work, workers at risk
The PASCN Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further... more The PASCN Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions and review. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Network.
This study aims to explore how Filipina entrepreneurs ( EntrePinays ) harmonize their work demand... more This study aims to explore how Filipina entrepreneurs ( EntrePinays ) harmonize their work demands with their family responsibilities and personal needs in order to sustain their business and at the same time live a meaningful and happy life. As an exploratory study utilizing nine participants, the case study approach based on the multiple case dimensions was used. Findings revealed that there are positive and negative spillover effects of work-life relationships. The negative spillover induces stress among the EntrePinays and the positive spillover can lead to their high levels of life satisfaction. Results also showed that EntrePinays are able to harmonize their work and life through various strategies such as personal planning with proper time management, having a flexible work schedule and workload, and delegating routine jobs to trusted employees, usually a family member. Moreover, the extent of spouse support for married entrepreneurs or the degree of support of the family mem...
This article elaborates on an action research undertaken by three researchers from a business sch... more This article elaborates on an action research undertaken by three researchers from a business school of a leading university in the Philippines on the contribution of non-formal education programs in poverty alleviation, aimed to initiate women empowerment and youth development among selected women and youth in the parishes they belong to. Non-formal education programs such as home-based livelihood program, parenting for women, leadership, character building, values clarification, and priority setting for women and youth were administered as a way to reduce the selected parishioners’ vulnerabilities arising from poverty. Using outcome mapping as a project cycle management tool, changed behaviours, attitudes, and values were identified not as final indicators but as an indicator of progress in empowerment and development to which the non-formal education programs contribute.
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Papers by Divina Edralin