Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of nicorandil, a selective ... more Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of nicorandil, a selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, on QT prolongation and myocardial damage induced by amitriptyline. Methods The dose of amitriptyline (intraperitoneal, i.p.) that prolong the QT interval was found 75 mg/kg. Rats were randomized into five groups the control group, amitriptyline group, nicorandil (selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, 3 mg/kg i.p.) + amitriptyline group, 5-hdyroxydecanoate (5-HD, selective mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 10 mg/kg i.p.) + amitriptyline group and 5-HD + nicorandil + amitriptyline group. Cardiac parameters, biochemical and histomorphological/immunohistochemical examinations were evaluated. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Key findings Amitriptyline caused statistically significant prolongation of QRS duration, QT interval and QTc interval (p < 0.05). It also caused changes in tissue oxidant (increase in malondialdehyde)/a...
Measurement of urinary β2M (beta 2-microglobulin) is a sensitive and reliable assay for detecting... more Measurement of urinary β2M (beta 2-microglobulin) is a sensitive and reliable assay for detecting tubular injury, renal toxicity, lymphomas, leukemia, or myeloma. Some chemical substrates may increase the level of β2M in-vivo. Elevated β2M level in urine is unusual because it rapidly degrades when pH is below 6. The level of β2M in the bladder can also be used as a marker to assess renal tubular maturation in neonates. β2M in the bladder could be a result of fetal megacystis, which is an abnormally enlarged bladder appearing after 10 weeks of gestation, when the fetus begins to produce urine. Identification of the pregnant women instead of the fetus is a common pre-analytical error with samples sent from the gynecology clinic to the laboratory. Here we present the case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman whose urine analysis results indicated excessively high β2M level in the urine. The present study could improve the understanding of urinary β2M analysis, laboratory errors, and the interpretation of test results.
Our aim was to investigate the protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO) at different doses on di... more Our aim was to investigate the protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO) at different doses on diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced erectile and endothelial dysfunction. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g were divided into four groups as; control group treated with saline, DM group, DM group treated with 3 ml/kg WGO (DM + 3WGO group), DM group treated with 6 ml/kg WGO. Type 1 DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-induced diabetic rats received saline, 3 ml/kg WGO, and 6 ml/kg WGO via oral gavage daily for 5 weeks. The density of WGO used was 0.92 g/ml. The protective effect of WGO was evaluated by (i) in vitro vascular function, (ii) in vivo erectile function, and (iii) oxidative stress parameters in both aorta and penile tissue. Acetylcholine-mediated relaxation in the aorta and erectile functions decreased significantly in the DM group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.005). WGO (3 and 6 ml/kg) improved vascular functions in the DM groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014). The beneficial effect of WGO on erectile function appeared at higher doses of WGO. However, a higher dose of WGO substantially increased the oxidative stress parameters in both aorta and penile tissue. These findings suggest that the improvement in vascular or erectile function by WGO was not related to antioxidant effects, and new studies are needed to clarify the mechanism.
Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 2007
BackgroundBacterial peritonitis episodes may disturb the functional and histological integrity of... more BackgroundBacterial peritonitis episodes may disturb the functional and histological integrity of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may have fibrotic effects on the peritoneum.ObjectiveTo study the effects of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (irbesartan) and an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) in the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of bacterial peritonitis.Methods40 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: bacteria (B), bacteria–irbesartan (BI), bacteria–spironolactone (BS), bacteria–irbesartan–spironolactone (BIS), and control (C) groups. The C group received only dextran beads (Cytodex; Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, Missouri, USA); the others were given bacteria and dextran beads intraperitoneally. Irbesartan and/or spironolactone were given to 3 groups: BI, BS, and BIS. On the eighth day, the rats were sacrificed, peritoneal adhesion was quantified, and peritoneal tissue sections were evaluated his...
Bipolar bozukluk tanýsý olan kadýnlarda artmýþ serum NMDA reseptör antikoru düzeyleri SUMMARY Obj... more Bipolar bozukluk tanýsý olan kadýnlarda artmýþ serum NMDA reseptör antikoru düzeyleri SUMMARY Objective: Glutamatergic/GABAergic imbalance due to autoimmune antibodies targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R) is considered to be one of the shared pathways between bipolar disorder (BD) and autoimmune diseases. Evidence shows female vulnerability to autoimmune disorders, and suggests a sex-specific approach in autoimmunity research in BD. We aimed to assess serum concentrations of NMDA-R antibodies and density of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets in euthymic patients with BD in comparison to healthy individuals; and to determine the impact of sex on serum concentrations of NMDA-R antibodies and the density of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets. Method: NMDA antibody IgG were detected in serum samples of 27 DSM IV euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (16 females, 11 males) and 33 healthy individuals (17 females, 16 males), using ELISA method. The densities of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets were investigated using immunocytochemical methods. Results: Patients with BD presented higher serum levels of NMDA-R antibodies in comparison to healthy individuals (p<0.001). The densities of NMDA and GABA receptor on platelets were similar in both groups. The NMDA-R antibody levels were influenced by both diagnosis and sex (F=5.813, df=1, p =0.020). Tserum lithium levels showed a significant linear association with the serum NMDA-R antibody levels even adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (F=-56.26, t=-2.52, p = 0.015, CI:-101.12/-11.40). Discussion: Our findings support a potential role of NMDA-R antibodies in the underlying pathophysiology of BD, particularly for females.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe mental illness. Evidence shows accelerated oxidatio... more Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe mental illness. Evidence shows accelerated oxidation-induced DNA damage in BD as indicated by increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the most prevalent DNA base damage product. 1 The base excision repair (BER) is the major repair mechanism for oxidation-induced DNA damage. It is responsible for recognizing and removing oxidized DNA base lesions by activation of DNA glycosylases. 2 A DNA glycosylase in the initial steps of the BER pathway, 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1), is specialized for excision of 8-OH-guanine lesions. 2 Previous studies have indicated decreased expression of the OGG1 gene in BD. 3,4 We aimed to investigate oxidation-induced DNA damage together with BER activity in BD. The impact of sex and mood state on the DNA damage and repair process was also explored as both variables are known to be associated with susceptibility for DNA damage and repair mechanisms. 5,6 Forty-eight patients with DSM-IV BD type I (28 euthymic, 20 manic; 43 medicated) and 49 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Individuals were excluded from the study if they had: any Axis I psychiatric diagnosis (other than BD); acute infection; any neurological disorders; history of head trauma or brain surgery; any chronic medical condition; any substance use disorder (except for tobacco use); pregnancy; or current breastfeeding. Each participant provided a 10-mL blood sample between 09.00 and 10.00 hours. Absolute levels of 8-OHdG and OGG1 protein were assessed in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays according to the manufacturer's instructions (catalogue no: EEL -0028; catalogue no: EEL -H1939; Elabscience, Wuhan, China). Statistical analyses were completed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Group differences with regard to clinical features, and plasma levels of 8-OHdG and OGG1 were tested using independent samples t, χ 2 , and analysis of variance tests. Linear regression models were used to identify the impacts of clinical variables on dependent variables. A two-way analysis of covariance was applied to test the interactions among clinical variables and OGG1 levels. The Omnibus F-test was used to identify the main effects of BD diagnosis and sex on OGG1 levels. The patient and HC groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, or body mass index (Table S1). The number of smokers was higher in the patient group compared to the HC group (χ 2 = 8.838, P = 0.003). Levels of 8-OHdG did not differ either between patients (4.07 AE 1.83 pg/mL) and HC (4.20 AE 1.53 pg/mL; t = 0.599, d.f. = 76, P = 0.551) or between euthymic and manic states (P = 0.783; Fig. S1). Plasma levels of OGG1 were significantly higher in BD patients (24.26 AE 5.07 pg/mL) compared to those in HC (20.43 AE 6.23 pg/mL; t = 3.215, d.f. = 91, P = 0.002; Fig. 1). Both the euthymic (24.36 AE 5.04 pg/mL) and manic (24.15 AE 5.23 pg/mL) BD groups had significantly higher plasma levels of OGG1 in comparison to HC (20.43 AE 6.23 pg/mL; F = 5.134, d.f. = 2, P = 0.008; post-hoc euthymic patients vs HC: P = 0.047; manic patients vs HC: P = 0.019); however, OGG1 levels did not differ between the manic and euthymic states (P = 0.836; Fig. 1). A linear regression analysis that included age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and BD diagnosis showed significant impacts of BD diagnosis (P = 0.002) and sex (P < 0.001) on the levels of OGG1. A two-way
The 2nd International Cell Death Research Congress, 2018
Human SH-SY5Y cell line has been used as an in vitro model in neuroscience research. However, man... more Human SH-SY5Y cell line has been used as an in vitro model in neuroscience research. However, many researchers emphasized that there are many differences between differentiated and undifferentiated characteristics of SH-SY5Y. Although Retinoic Acid (RA) generally have been used for differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, which protocol provides better differentiation have not been cleared yet. Therefore, we compared RA and the other mediums in different treatment periods for obtaining better differentiated, carrying a neuron-like phenotype (N-type) characteristics, of SH-SY5Y human cells. The cells were pre-treated with different mediums for different treatment periods and compared with both for each other and the control group. When we pre-treated the cells with RA for 5-day and followed by the Mix medium (Neurobasal, B27, db-cAMP, KCI) and BDNF, neurite length and MAP2 expression of the cells were found significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, we showed that more than...
Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic fact... more Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) have essential roles in synaptic plasticity which is involved in pathogenesis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, it is not clear whether they act simultaneously during illness states in major psychiatric disorders.Methods:BDNF and GDNF serum levels were measured concomitantly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 171 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n= 33), bipolar disorder-manic episode (n= 39), bipolar/unipolar depression (n= 64, 24/40) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n= 35) according to DSM-IV, and 78 healthy volunteers. SCID-I and SCID non-patient version were used for clinical evaluation of the patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. Correlations between the two trophic factor levels, and illness severity scores, duration of illness and medication dosages were studied across different illnesses.Results:While patients had equal...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been consistently reported to be decreased in mania ... more Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been consistently reported to be decreased in mania or depression in bipolar disorders. Evidence suggests that Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Whether GDNF and BDNF act in the same way across different episodes in bipolar disorders is unclear. BDNF and GDNF serum levels were measured simultaneously by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 96 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV (37 euthymic, 33 manic, 26 depressed) in comparison to 61 healthy volunteers. SCID- I and SCID-non patient version were used for clinical evaluation of the patients and healthy volunteers respectively. Correlations between the two trophic factor levels, and medication dose, duration and serum levels of lithium or valproate were studied across different episodes of illness. Patients had significantly lower BDNF levels during mania and depression compared to euthymic patients and healthy controls. GDNF levels were not distinctive. However GDNF/BDNF ratio was higher in manic state compared to euthymia and healthy controls. Significant negative correlation was observed between BDNF and GDNF levels in euthymic patients. While BDNF levels correlated positively, GDNF levels correlated negatively with lithium levels. Regression analysis confirmed that lithium levels predicted only GDNF levels positively in mania, and negatively in euthymia. Small sample size in different episodes and drug-free patients was the limitation of thestudy. Current data suggests that lithium exerts its therapeutic action by an inverse effect on BDNF and GDNF levels, possibly by up-regulating BDNF and down-regulating GDNF to achieve euthymia.
The use of C-reactive protein (CRP) assays is increasing for a wide range of clinical conditions,... more The use of C-reactive protein (CRP) assays is increasing for a wide range of clinical conditions, and consequently the analytical performance requirements for CRP assays are also changing. For this reason, manufacturers have been developing CRP assays based on different methodologies to provide both high sensitivity and a wide measuring range. However, it is questionable whether these methods can meet the desired requirements for CRP assays. CRP Latex on the Cobas Integra 400 and CRP Tina-quant Latex on the Modular Analytics-P were evaluated in terms of detection limit, linearity, intra-and interassay precision, and comparability with 268 patient samples. The intra-and interassay precision of the two methods was o4.1% in the three pools with CRP concentrations ranging from 6.9 to 215 mg/L, and 410% in the pool with concentrations of $0.60 mg/L. The detection limits for CRP Latex and Tina-quant Latex were 0.20 and 0.22 mg/L, respectively. Both methods were linear up to 215 mg/L. There was a good agreement between the two assays, except for a scattering at concentrations near the detection limits. Deming regression analysis for CRP Latex (x-axis) and Tina-quant Latex (y-axis) yielded a slope of 1.06770.018, an intercept of-0.148 70.358, and an S y|x of 5.10 (r 5 0.996, Po0.0001). The two assays gave comparable results. Low precision was determined for both assays, except for the low pool with a concentration of $0.60 mg/L. We concluded that both of these assays should be improved to meet high-sensitivity criteria.
Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in diabetic... more Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium derived vasoconstrictor. It has been shown that ET-1 levels are increased in a variety of situations such as diabetes, hypertension and ...
Purpose To investigate the Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) differences between a northern ... more Purpose To investigate the Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) differences between a northern European and a Mediterranean population. Methods MPOD was measured psychophysically using Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in 71 healthy subjects from northern Europe (18 Dutch and 53 British). 74 healthy age‐matched Cretans (Greece) underwent the same measurements according to the same protocol. None of the subjects was taking any carotenoids supplements. The comparison of MPOD between the two populations was statistically assessed with a Generalized Linear Model of regression. The effect of age and gender was taken into consideration. Results The mean MPOD of the northern Europe population was 0.43 (CI 95% 0.39‐0.47) and the mean age 45 years old (±19). No effect of age (p=0.402) or gender (p=0.074) was revealed into this group. Respectively, for the Mediterranean population the mean MPOD was 0.42 (CI 95% 0.38‐0.45) and the mean age 39 years old (±17);mean MPOD of this group didn’t s...
International Journal of Anesthesiology & Research, 2016
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia in day... more Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia in day/night cycles on melatonin levels in rats. Methods: Fifteen-day-old 24 rats were included in the study and randomized into four groups according to anesthetic (sevoflurane or control) and the timing of administration (night phase or day phase). 2.6 % sevoflurane and 6 L.min-1 of oxygen were delivered to rats, between 07:00 pm-01:00 am (night group) and 07:00 am-01:00 pm (day group). After the sacrification of the rats, blood samples were taken and samples were centrifuged and plasma melatonin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: When Group night sevoflurane (GN-S) was compared with Group night control (GN-C), significant difference was found on melatonin levels (p=0,002). When plasma melatonin levels were compared between Group day sevoflurane (GD-S) and Group day control (GD-C), melatonin level of Group Day sevoflurane was found significantly higher (p=0.002). Similarly, when plasma melatonin levels were compared between GN-C and GD-C groups, melatonin level of GN-C was found significantly higher (p=0.002). Conclusions: In this study, it has been ascertained that 2.6% sevoflurane administered for six hours during the day and night periods increased melatonin levels significantly in 15 days old rats.
The nocturnal peak of melatonin can be altered after anesthesia and surgery. We aimed to examine ... more The nocturnal peak of melatonin can be altered after anesthesia and surgery. We aimed to examine the melatonin levels during the day and night after anesthesia with three commonly used inhalational anesthetics. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were randomized into eight groups. Rats were administered anesthesia between 7:00 AM and 1:00 PM (day groups) or 7:00 PM and 1:00 AM (night groups) for 6 hours. At the end of the anesthesia, blood samples were collected for assessing melatonin levels. Mean values of melatonin levels after 6 hours of anesthesia during daytime were 43.17 AE 12.95 for control, 59.79 AE 27.83 for isoflurane, 50.75 AE 34.28 for sevoflurane and 212.20 AE 49.56 pg/mL for desflurane groups. The night groups' mean melatonin levels were 136.12 AE 33.20 for control, 139.85 AE 56.29 for isoflurane, 117.48 AE 82.39 for sevoflurane and 128.70 AE 44.63 pg/mL for desflurane groups. Desflurane anesthesia between 7:00 AM and 1:00 PM significantly increased melatonin levels (p < 0.001). Sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia between 7:00 PM and 1:00 AM decreased the melatonin levels but there were no significant differences (p Z 0.904 and p > 0.99, respectively). Isoflurane anesthesia did not significantly change melatonin levels during day or night (p Z 0.718 and p > 0.99, respectively). Our results demonstrate that during daytime desflurane anesthesia can alter melatonin levels. Altered melatonin rhythm following inhalational anesthesia can be related to sleep disorders observed after anesthesia.
Cbu Beden Egitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Oct 9, 2014
Bu calismada E vitamininin anaerobik esik civarinda kosulan standart egzersizde yorgunlugun gecik... more Bu calismada E vitamininin anaerobik esik civarinda kosulan standart egzersizde yorgunlugun geciktirilmesindeki etkisi plazma laktat konsantrasyonlari (PLa) temel alinarak, oksidasyon mekanizmalari uzerindeki etkisi sulfhidril gruplari (RSH), ve lipid peroksidasyon urunleri (TBARS) incelenerek degerlendirildi. Arastirmaya katilan yaslari 19.8±1.3 olan 8 subelit gonullu sporcudan istirahat ve standart kosu egzersizi programi sonrasinda; 1) Herhangi bir ilac kullanmadan, 2) 1 haftalik plasebo kullanimindan sonra, 3) 1 haftalik 1000 UI/gun dozunda E vitamini kullanimi sonrasinda PLa, serumda E vitamini, RSH ve TBARS konsantrasyonlari calisildi. 1 haftalik 1000 UI/gun dozunda E vitamini desteginin serum E vitamini duzeyini % 75.9 oraninda arttirdigi gozlendi. Plasebo kullaniminin calisilan hicbir parametre uzerine anlamli etkisi gorulmedi. E vitamini kullanimi oncesinde egzersizin serum TBARS duzeyini anlamli sekilde arttirdigi (p<0.05) ancak, E vitamini kullanimi sonrasinda bu artis oraninda anlamli bir azalma oldugu saptandi (p<0.05). Egzersizin ve E vitamini kullaniminin serum RSH duzeyine anlamli bir etkisi olmadigi tespit edildi. E vitamini kullanimi ile standart kosu egzersizi sonrasinda PLa duzeyinin 4.7±0.7 mM'den 4.3±1.5 mM'e azalmasina ve serum E vitamini duzeyi ile PLa konsantrasyonlari arasinda negatif korelasyon saptanmasina ragmen bu fark ve iliski istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi.
Amyloid beta (Aβ) induced toxicity is an invitro neural degeneration model for Alzheimer's diseas... more Amyloid beta (Aβ) induced toxicity is an invitro neural degeneration model for Alzheimer's disease. Pregnenolone (P), pregnenolone sulphate (PS) are the major steroids produced in the neural tissue and are also called neuroactive steroids because of their behaviors like neurotransmitter. The synthesis of steroids in neural tissue could be changed by ischemia, oxidative stress or neurotoxicity namely induced by Aβ, glutamate. The potential roles of P and PS in vital neuronal functions and in Aβ peptide toxicity are not clearly identified. This work aims to investigate the effects of P, PS and Aβ on the cell viability using two separate cell lines. The effects of conformational changes in Aβ were also evaluated. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) and human neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) cell lines were treated with Aβ 25-35 (20/40µM) and variable concentrations of P and PS ranging from 0.25µM to 100µM. The cell viability was evaluated with MTT reduction assay and reverse-phase microscopy. The conformational changes of Aβ peptides were induced with 72 hours incubation at 37ºC. The structural changes of Aβ were evaluated with electron microscopy. The treatment with 20µM Aβ 25-35 monomers did not affect SHSY-5Y cell viability, the significant toxicity was observed only with 40µM Aβ 25-35 fibrils after 72hours. However the significant reduction in PC-12cell viability was obtained by the treatment with 20µM Aβ 25-35 monomers. In PC-12 cell lines, the viability was decreased to˜40% of control group by the treatment with 1µM and higher concentrations of P and PS separately. This same effect was observed in SHSY-5Y cells with 5µM and higher concentrations of steroids.0.5µM P showed protective effect against Aβ 25-35 induced toxicity in both cell lines. Our results suggest that Aβ fibrillogenesis and neuroactive steroid may play causal roles in the neurodegenerative processes.
Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of nicorandil, a selective ... more Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of nicorandil, a selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, on QT prolongation and myocardial damage induced by amitriptyline. Methods The dose of amitriptyline (intraperitoneal, i.p.) that prolong the QT interval was found 75 mg/kg. Rats were randomized into five groups the control group, amitriptyline group, nicorandil (selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, 3 mg/kg i.p.) + amitriptyline group, 5-hdyroxydecanoate (5-HD, selective mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 10 mg/kg i.p.) + amitriptyline group and 5-HD + nicorandil + amitriptyline group. Cardiac parameters, biochemical and histomorphological/immunohistochemical examinations were evaluated. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Key findings Amitriptyline caused statistically significant prolongation of QRS duration, QT interval and QTc interval (p < 0.05). It also caused changes in tissue oxidant (increase in malondialdehyde)/a...
Measurement of urinary β2M (beta 2-microglobulin) is a sensitive and reliable assay for detecting... more Measurement of urinary β2M (beta 2-microglobulin) is a sensitive and reliable assay for detecting tubular injury, renal toxicity, lymphomas, leukemia, or myeloma. Some chemical substrates may increase the level of β2M in-vivo. Elevated β2M level in urine is unusual because it rapidly degrades when pH is below 6. The level of β2M in the bladder can also be used as a marker to assess renal tubular maturation in neonates. β2M in the bladder could be a result of fetal megacystis, which is an abnormally enlarged bladder appearing after 10 weeks of gestation, when the fetus begins to produce urine. Identification of the pregnant women instead of the fetus is a common pre-analytical error with samples sent from the gynecology clinic to the laboratory. Here we present the case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman whose urine analysis results indicated excessively high β2M level in the urine. The present study could improve the understanding of urinary β2M analysis, laboratory errors, and the interpretation of test results.
Our aim was to investigate the protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO) at different doses on di... more Our aim was to investigate the protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO) at different doses on diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced erectile and endothelial dysfunction. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g were divided into four groups as; control group treated with saline, DM group, DM group treated with 3 ml/kg WGO (DM + 3WGO group), DM group treated with 6 ml/kg WGO. Type 1 DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-induced diabetic rats received saline, 3 ml/kg WGO, and 6 ml/kg WGO via oral gavage daily for 5 weeks. The density of WGO used was 0.92 g/ml. The protective effect of WGO was evaluated by (i) in vitro vascular function, (ii) in vivo erectile function, and (iii) oxidative stress parameters in both aorta and penile tissue. Acetylcholine-mediated relaxation in the aorta and erectile functions decreased significantly in the DM group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.005). WGO (3 and 6 ml/kg) improved vascular functions in the DM groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014). The beneficial effect of WGO on erectile function appeared at higher doses of WGO. However, a higher dose of WGO substantially increased the oxidative stress parameters in both aorta and penile tissue. These findings suggest that the improvement in vascular or erectile function by WGO was not related to antioxidant effects, and new studies are needed to clarify the mechanism.
Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 2007
BackgroundBacterial peritonitis episodes may disturb the functional and histological integrity of... more BackgroundBacterial peritonitis episodes may disturb the functional and histological integrity of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may have fibrotic effects on the peritoneum.ObjectiveTo study the effects of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (irbesartan) and an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) in the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of bacterial peritonitis.Methods40 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: bacteria (B), bacteria–irbesartan (BI), bacteria–spironolactone (BS), bacteria–irbesartan–spironolactone (BIS), and control (C) groups. The C group received only dextran beads (Cytodex; Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, Missouri, USA); the others were given bacteria and dextran beads intraperitoneally. Irbesartan and/or spironolactone were given to 3 groups: BI, BS, and BIS. On the eighth day, the rats were sacrificed, peritoneal adhesion was quantified, and peritoneal tissue sections were evaluated his...
Bipolar bozukluk tanýsý olan kadýnlarda artmýþ serum NMDA reseptör antikoru düzeyleri SUMMARY Obj... more Bipolar bozukluk tanýsý olan kadýnlarda artmýþ serum NMDA reseptör antikoru düzeyleri SUMMARY Objective: Glutamatergic/GABAergic imbalance due to autoimmune antibodies targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R) is considered to be one of the shared pathways between bipolar disorder (BD) and autoimmune diseases. Evidence shows female vulnerability to autoimmune disorders, and suggests a sex-specific approach in autoimmunity research in BD. We aimed to assess serum concentrations of NMDA-R antibodies and density of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets in euthymic patients with BD in comparison to healthy individuals; and to determine the impact of sex on serum concentrations of NMDA-R antibodies and the density of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets. Method: NMDA antibody IgG were detected in serum samples of 27 DSM IV euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (16 females, 11 males) and 33 healthy individuals (17 females, 16 males), using ELISA method. The densities of NMDA and GABA receptors on platelets were investigated using immunocytochemical methods. Results: Patients with BD presented higher serum levels of NMDA-R antibodies in comparison to healthy individuals (p<0.001). The densities of NMDA and GABA receptor on platelets were similar in both groups. The NMDA-R antibody levels were influenced by both diagnosis and sex (F=5.813, df=1, p =0.020). Tserum lithium levels showed a significant linear association with the serum NMDA-R antibody levels even adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (F=-56.26, t=-2.52, p = 0.015, CI:-101.12/-11.40). Discussion: Our findings support a potential role of NMDA-R antibodies in the underlying pathophysiology of BD, particularly for females.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe mental illness. Evidence shows accelerated oxidatio... more Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe mental illness. Evidence shows accelerated oxidation-induced DNA damage in BD as indicated by increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the most prevalent DNA base damage product. 1 The base excision repair (BER) is the major repair mechanism for oxidation-induced DNA damage. It is responsible for recognizing and removing oxidized DNA base lesions by activation of DNA glycosylases. 2 A DNA glycosylase in the initial steps of the BER pathway, 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1), is specialized for excision of 8-OH-guanine lesions. 2 Previous studies have indicated decreased expression of the OGG1 gene in BD. 3,4 We aimed to investigate oxidation-induced DNA damage together with BER activity in BD. The impact of sex and mood state on the DNA damage and repair process was also explored as both variables are known to be associated with susceptibility for DNA damage and repair mechanisms. 5,6 Forty-eight patients with DSM-IV BD type I (28 euthymic, 20 manic; 43 medicated) and 49 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Individuals were excluded from the study if they had: any Axis I psychiatric diagnosis (other than BD); acute infection; any neurological disorders; history of head trauma or brain surgery; any chronic medical condition; any substance use disorder (except for tobacco use); pregnancy; or current breastfeeding. Each participant provided a 10-mL blood sample between 09.00 and 10.00 hours. Absolute levels of 8-OHdG and OGG1 protein were assessed in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays according to the manufacturer's instructions (catalogue no: EEL -0028; catalogue no: EEL -H1939; Elabscience, Wuhan, China). Statistical analyses were completed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Group differences with regard to clinical features, and plasma levels of 8-OHdG and OGG1 were tested using independent samples t, χ 2 , and analysis of variance tests. Linear regression models were used to identify the impacts of clinical variables on dependent variables. A two-way analysis of covariance was applied to test the interactions among clinical variables and OGG1 levels. The Omnibus F-test was used to identify the main effects of BD diagnosis and sex on OGG1 levels. The patient and HC groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, or body mass index (Table S1). The number of smokers was higher in the patient group compared to the HC group (χ 2 = 8.838, P = 0.003). Levels of 8-OHdG did not differ either between patients (4.07 AE 1.83 pg/mL) and HC (4.20 AE 1.53 pg/mL; t = 0.599, d.f. = 76, P = 0.551) or between euthymic and manic states (P = 0.783; Fig. S1). Plasma levels of OGG1 were significantly higher in BD patients (24.26 AE 5.07 pg/mL) compared to those in HC (20.43 AE 6.23 pg/mL; t = 3.215, d.f. = 91, P = 0.002; Fig. 1). Both the euthymic (24.36 AE 5.04 pg/mL) and manic (24.15 AE 5.23 pg/mL) BD groups had significantly higher plasma levels of OGG1 in comparison to HC (20.43 AE 6.23 pg/mL; F = 5.134, d.f. = 2, P = 0.008; post-hoc euthymic patients vs HC: P = 0.047; manic patients vs HC: P = 0.019); however, OGG1 levels did not differ between the manic and euthymic states (P = 0.836; Fig. 1). A linear regression analysis that included age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and BD diagnosis showed significant impacts of BD diagnosis (P = 0.002) and sex (P < 0.001) on the levels of OGG1. A two-way
The 2nd International Cell Death Research Congress, 2018
Human SH-SY5Y cell line has been used as an in vitro model in neuroscience research. However, man... more Human SH-SY5Y cell line has been used as an in vitro model in neuroscience research. However, many researchers emphasized that there are many differences between differentiated and undifferentiated characteristics of SH-SY5Y. Although Retinoic Acid (RA) generally have been used for differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, which protocol provides better differentiation have not been cleared yet. Therefore, we compared RA and the other mediums in different treatment periods for obtaining better differentiated, carrying a neuron-like phenotype (N-type) characteristics, of SH-SY5Y human cells. The cells were pre-treated with different mediums for different treatment periods and compared with both for each other and the control group. When we pre-treated the cells with RA for 5-day and followed by the Mix medium (Neurobasal, B27, db-cAMP, KCI) and BDNF, neurite length and MAP2 expression of the cells were found significantly higher than the control group. In conclusion, we showed that more than...
Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic fact... more Background:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) have essential roles in synaptic plasticity which is involved in pathogenesis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, it is not clear whether they act simultaneously during illness states in major psychiatric disorders.Methods:BDNF and GDNF serum levels were measured concomitantly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 171 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n= 33), bipolar disorder-manic episode (n= 39), bipolar/unipolar depression (n= 64, 24/40) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n= 35) according to DSM-IV, and 78 healthy volunteers. SCID-I and SCID non-patient version were used for clinical evaluation of the patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. Correlations between the two trophic factor levels, and illness severity scores, duration of illness and medication dosages were studied across different illnesses.Results:While patients had equal...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been consistently reported to be decreased in mania ... more Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been consistently reported to be decreased in mania or depression in bipolar disorders. Evidence suggests that Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a role in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Whether GDNF and BDNF act in the same way across different episodes in bipolar disorders is unclear. BDNF and GDNF serum levels were measured simultaneously by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 96 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV (37 euthymic, 33 manic, 26 depressed) in comparison to 61 healthy volunteers. SCID- I and SCID-non patient version were used for clinical evaluation of the patients and healthy volunteers respectively. Correlations between the two trophic factor levels, and medication dose, duration and serum levels of lithium or valproate were studied across different episodes of illness. Patients had significantly lower BDNF levels during mania and depression compared to euthymic patients and healthy controls. GDNF levels were not distinctive. However GDNF/BDNF ratio was higher in manic state compared to euthymia and healthy controls. Significant negative correlation was observed between BDNF and GDNF levels in euthymic patients. While BDNF levels correlated positively, GDNF levels correlated negatively with lithium levels. Regression analysis confirmed that lithium levels predicted only GDNF levels positively in mania, and negatively in euthymia. Small sample size in different episodes and drug-free patients was the limitation of thestudy. Current data suggests that lithium exerts its therapeutic action by an inverse effect on BDNF and GDNF levels, possibly by up-regulating BDNF and down-regulating GDNF to achieve euthymia.
The use of C-reactive protein (CRP) assays is increasing for a wide range of clinical conditions,... more The use of C-reactive protein (CRP) assays is increasing for a wide range of clinical conditions, and consequently the analytical performance requirements for CRP assays are also changing. For this reason, manufacturers have been developing CRP assays based on different methodologies to provide both high sensitivity and a wide measuring range. However, it is questionable whether these methods can meet the desired requirements for CRP assays. CRP Latex on the Cobas Integra 400 and CRP Tina-quant Latex on the Modular Analytics-P were evaluated in terms of detection limit, linearity, intra-and interassay precision, and comparability with 268 patient samples. The intra-and interassay precision of the two methods was o4.1% in the three pools with CRP concentrations ranging from 6.9 to 215 mg/L, and 410% in the pool with concentrations of $0.60 mg/L. The detection limits for CRP Latex and Tina-quant Latex were 0.20 and 0.22 mg/L, respectively. Both methods were linear up to 215 mg/L. There was a good agreement between the two assays, except for a scattering at concentrations near the detection limits. Deming regression analysis for CRP Latex (x-axis) and Tina-quant Latex (y-axis) yielded a slope of 1.06770.018, an intercept of-0.148 70.358, and an S y|x of 5.10 (r 5 0.996, Po0.0001). The two assays gave comparable results. Low precision was determined for both assays, except for the low pool with a concentration of $0.60 mg/L. We concluded that both of these assays should be improved to meet high-sensitivity criteria.
Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in diabetic... more Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium derived vasoconstrictor. It has been shown that ET-1 levels are increased in a variety of situations such as diabetes, hypertension and ...
Purpose To investigate the Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) differences between a northern ... more Purpose To investigate the Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) differences between a northern European and a Mediterranean population. Methods MPOD was measured psychophysically using Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in 71 healthy subjects from northern Europe (18 Dutch and 53 British). 74 healthy age‐matched Cretans (Greece) underwent the same measurements according to the same protocol. None of the subjects was taking any carotenoids supplements. The comparison of MPOD between the two populations was statistically assessed with a Generalized Linear Model of regression. The effect of age and gender was taken into consideration. Results The mean MPOD of the northern Europe population was 0.43 (CI 95% 0.39‐0.47) and the mean age 45 years old (±19). No effect of age (p=0.402) or gender (p=0.074) was revealed into this group. Respectively, for the Mediterranean population the mean MPOD was 0.42 (CI 95% 0.38‐0.45) and the mean age 39 years old (±17);mean MPOD of this group didn’t s...
International Journal of Anesthesiology & Research, 2016
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia in day... more Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia in day/night cycles on melatonin levels in rats. Methods: Fifteen-day-old 24 rats were included in the study and randomized into four groups according to anesthetic (sevoflurane or control) and the timing of administration (night phase or day phase). 2.6 % sevoflurane and 6 L.min-1 of oxygen were delivered to rats, between 07:00 pm-01:00 am (night group) and 07:00 am-01:00 pm (day group). After the sacrification of the rats, blood samples were taken and samples were centrifuged and plasma melatonin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: When Group night sevoflurane (GN-S) was compared with Group night control (GN-C), significant difference was found on melatonin levels (p=0,002). When plasma melatonin levels were compared between Group day sevoflurane (GD-S) and Group day control (GD-C), melatonin level of Group Day sevoflurane was found significantly higher (p=0.002). Similarly, when plasma melatonin levels were compared between GN-C and GD-C groups, melatonin level of GN-C was found significantly higher (p=0.002). Conclusions: In this study, it has been ascertained that 2.6% sevoflurane administered for six hours during the day and night periods increased melatonin levels significantly in 15 days old rats.
The nocturnal peak of melatonin can be altered after anesthesia and surgery. We aimed to examine ... more The nocturnal peak of melatonin can be altered after anesthesia and surgery. We aimed to examine the melatonin levels during the day and night after anesthesia with three commonly used inhalational anesthetics. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were randomized into eight groups. Rats were administered anesthesia between 7:00 AM and 1:00 PM (day groups) or 7:00 PM and 1:00 AM (night groups) for 6 hours. At the end of the anesthesia, blood samples were collected for assessing melatonin levels. Mean values of melatonin levels after 6 hours of anesthesia during daytime were 43.17 AE 12.95 for control, 59.79 AE 27.83 for isoflurane, 50.75 AE 34.28 for sevoflurane and 212.20 AE 49.56 pg/mL for desflurane groups. The night groups' mean melatonin levels were 136.12 AE 33.20 for control, 139.85 AE 56.29 for isoflurane, 117.48 AE 82.39 for sevoflurane and 128.70 AE 44.63 pg/mL for desflurane groups. Desflurane anesthesia between 7:00 AM and 1:00 PM significantly increased melatonin levels (p < 0.001). Sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia between 7:00 PM and 1:00 AM decreased the melatonin levels but there were no significant differences (p Z 0.904 and p > 0.99, respectively). Isoflurane anesthesia did not significantly change melatonin levels during day or night (p Z 0.718 and p > 0.99, respectively). Our results demonstrate that during daytime desflurane anesthesia can alter melatonin levels. Altered melatonin rhythm following inhalational anesthesia can be related to sleep disorders observed after anesthesia.
Cbu Beden Egitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Oct 9, 2014
Bu calismada E vitamininin anaerobik esik civarinda kosulan standart egzersizde yorgunlugun gecik... more Bu calismada E vitamininin anaerobik esik civarinda kosulan standart egzersizde yorgunlugun geciktirilmesindeki etkisi plazma laktat konsantrasyonlari (PLa) temel alinarak, oksidasyon mekanizmalari uzerindeki etkisi sulfhidril gruplari (RSH), ve lipid peroksidasyon urunleri (TBARS) incelenerek degerlendirildi. Arastirmaya katilan yaslari 19.8±1.3 olan 8 subelit gonullu sporcudan istirahat ve standart kosu egzersizi programi sonrasinda; 1) Herhangi bir ilac kullanmadan, 2) 1 haftalik plasebo kullanimindan sonra, 3) 1 haftalik 1000 UI/gun dozunda E vitamini kullanimi sonrasinda PLa, serumda E vitamini, RSH ve TBARS konsantrasyonlari calisildi. 1 haftalik 1000 UI/gun dozunda E vitamini desteginin serum E vitamini duzeyini % 75.9 oraninda arttirdigi gozlendi. Plasebo kullaniminin calisilan hicbir parametre uzerine anlamli etkisi gorulmedi. E vitamini kullanimi oncesinde egzersizin serum TBARS duzeyini anlamli sekilde arttirdigi (p<0.05) ancak, E vitamini kullanimi sonrasinda bu artis oraninda anlamli bir azalma oldugu saptandi (p<0.05). Egzersizin ve E vitamini kullaniminin serum RSH duzeyine anlamli bir etkisi olmadigi tespit edildi. E vitamini kullanimi ile standart kosu egzersizi sonrasinda PLa duzeyinin 4.7±0.7 mM'den 4.3±1.5 mM'e azalmasina ve serum E vitamini duzeyi ile PLa konsantrasyonlari arasinda negatif korelasyon saptanmasina ragmen bu fark ve iliski istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi.
Amyloid beta (Aβ) induced toxicity is an invitro neural degeneration model for Alzheimer's diseas... more Amyloid beta (Aβ) induced toxicity is an invitro neural degeneration model for Alzheimer's disease. Pregnenolone (P), pregnenolone sulphate (PS) are the major steroids produced in the neural tissue and are also called neuroactive steroids because of their behaviors like neurotransmitter. The synthesis of steroids in neural tissue could be changed by ischemia, oxidative stress or neurotoxicity namely induced by Aβ, glutamate. The potential roles of P and PS in vital neuronal functions and in Aβ peptide toxicity are not clearly identified. This work aims to investigate the effects of P, PS and Aβ on the cell viability using two separate cell lines. The effects of conformational changes in Aβ were also evaluated. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) and human neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) cell lines were treated with Aβ 25-35 (20/40µM) and variable concentrations of P and PS ranging from 0.25µM to 100µM. The cell viability was evaluated with MTT reduction assay and reverse-phase microscopy. The conformational changes of Aβ peptides were induced with 72 hours incubation at 37ºC. The structural changes of Aβ were evaluated with electron microscopy. The treatment with 20µM Aβ 25-35 monomers did not affect SHSY-5Y cell viability, the significant toxicity was observed only with 40µM Aβ 25-35 fibrils after 72hours. However the significant reduction in PC-12cell viability was obtained by the treatment with 20µM Aβ 25-35 monomers. In PC-12 cell lines, the viability was decreased to˜40% of control group by the treatment with 1µM and higher concentrations of P and PS separately. This same effect was observed in SHSY-5Y cells with 5µM and higher concentrations of steroids.0.5µM P showed protective effect against Aβ 25-35 induced toxicity in both cell lines. Our results suggest that Aβ fibrillogenesis and neuroactive steroid may play causal roles in the neurodegenerative processes.
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Papers by Pinar Akan