APPENDIX

Statistical Tables
Table I

Table II

Table III

Table IV

Table V

Table VI
Table of Binomial Probabilities

Values of e−𝜆

Table of Poisson Probabilities

Standard Normal Distribution Table

The t Distribution Table

Chi-Square Distribution Table

B
Table VII The F Distribution Table

Note: The following tables are on the Web site of the text along with Chapters 14 and 15.
Table VIII Critical Values of X for the Sign Test

Table IX Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

Table X Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

Table XI Critical Values for the Spearman Rho Rank Correlation Coefficient Test

Table XII Critical Values for a Two-Tailed Runs Test with α = 0.5

B1
B2 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

1 0 .9500 .9000 .8000 .7000 .6000 .5000 .4000 .3000 .2000 .1000 .0500
1 .0500 .1000 .2000 .3000 .4000 .5000 .6000 .7000 .8000 .9000 .9500

2 0 .9025 .8100 .6400 .4900 .3600 .2500 .1600 .0900 .0400 .0100 .0025
1 .0950 .1800 .3200 .4200 .4800 .5000 .4800 .4200 .3200 .1800 .0950
2 .0025 .0100 .0400 .0900 .1600 .2500 .3600 .4900 .6400 .8100 .9025

3 0 .8574 .7290 .5120 .3430 .2160 .1250 .0640 .0270 .0080 .0010 .0001
1 .1354 .2430 .3840 .4410 .4320 .3750 .2880 .1890 .0960 .0270 .0071
2 .0071 .0270 .0960 .1890 .2880 .3750 .4320 .4410 .3840 .2430 .1354
3 .0001 .0010 .0080 .0270 .0640 .1250 .2160 .3430 .5120 .7290 .8574

4 0 .8145 .6561 .4096 .2401 .1296 .0625 .0256 .0081 .0016 .0001 .0000
1 .1715 .2916 .4096 .4116 .3456 .2500 .1536 .0756 .0256 .0036 .0005
2 .0135 .0486 .1536 .2646 .3456 .3750 .3456 .2646 .1536 .0486 .0135
3 .0005 .0036 .0256 .0756 .1536 .2500 .3456 .4116 .4096 .2916 .1715
4 .0000 .0001 .0016 .0081 .0256 .0625 .1296 .2401 .4096 .6561 .8145

5 0 .7738 .5905 .3277 .1681 .0778 .0312 .0102 .0024 .0003 .0000 .0000
1 .2036 .3280 .4096 .3602 .2592 .1562 .0768 .0284 .0064 .0005 .0000
2 .0214 .0729 .2048 .3087 .3456 .3125 .2304 .1323 .0512 .0081 .0011
3 .0011 .0081 .0512 .1323 .2304 .3125 .3456 .3087 .2048 .0729 .0214
4 .0000 .0004 .0064 .0283 .0768 .1562 .2592 .3601 .4096 .3281 .2036
5 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0024 .0102 .0312 .0778 .1681 .3277 .5905 .7738

6 0 .7351 .5314 .2621 .1176 .0467 .0156 .0041 .0007 .0001 .0000 .0000
1 .2321 .3543 .3932 .3025 .1866 .0937 .0369 .0102 .0015 .0001 .0000
2 .0305 .0984 .2458 .3241 .3110 .2344 .1382 .0595 .0154 .0012 .0001
3 .0021 .0146 .0819 .1852 .2765 .3125 .2765 .1852 .0819 .0146 .0021
4 .0001 .0012 .0154 .0595 .1382 .2344 .3110 .3241 .2458 .0984 .0305
5 .0000 .0001 .0015 .0102 .0369 .0937 .1866 .3025 .3932 .3543 .2321
6 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0007 .0041 .0156 .0467 .1176 .2621 .5314 .7351

7 0 .6983 .4783 .2097 .0824 .0280 .0078 .0016 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .2573 .3720 .3670 .2471 .1306 .0547 .0172 .0036 .0004 .0000 .0000
2 .0406 .1240 .2753 .3177 .2613 .1641 .0774 .0250 .0043 .0002 .0000
3 .0036 .0230 .1147 .2269 .2903 .2734 .1935 .0972 .0287 .0026 .0002
4 .0002 .0026 .0287 .0972 .1935 .2734 .2903 .2269 .1147 .0230 .0036
5 .0000 .0002 .0043 .0250 .0774 .1641 .2613 .3177 .2753 .1240 .0406
6 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0036 .0172 .0547 .1306 .2471 .3670 .3720 .2573
7 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0016 .0078 .0280 .0824 .2097 .4783 .6983

8 0 .6634 .4305 .1678 .0576 .0168 .0039 .0007 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .2793 .3826 .3355 .1977 .0896 .0312 .0079 .0012 .0001 .0000 .0000
 Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities B3

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

2 .0515 .1488 .2936 .2965 .2090 .1094 .0413 .0100 .0011 .0000 .0000
3 .0054 .0331 .1468 .2541 .2787 .2187 .1239 .0467 .0092 .0004 .0000
4 .0004 .0046 .0459 .1361 .2322 .2734 .2322 .1361 .0459 .0046 .0004
5 .0000 .0004 .0092 .0467 .1239 .2187 .2787 .2541 .1468 .0331 .0054
6 .0000 .0000 .0011 .0100 .0413 .1094 .2090 .2965 .2936 .1488 .0515
7 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0012 .0079 .0312 .0896 .1977 .3355 .3826 .2793
8 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0007 .0039 .0168 .0576 .1678 .4305 .6634

9 0 .6302 .3874 .1342 .0404 .0101 .0020 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .2985 .3874 .3020 .1556 .0605 .0176 .0035 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0629 .1722 .3020 .2668 .1612 .0703 .0212 .0039 .0003 .0000 .0000
3 .0077 .0446 .1762 .2668 .2508 .1641 .0743 .0210 .0028 .0001 .0000
4 .0006 .0074 .0661 .1715 .2508 .2461 .1672 .0735 .0165 .0008 .0000
5 .0000 .0008 .0165 .0735 .1672 .2461 .2508 .1715 .0661 .0074 .0006
6 .0000 .0001 .0028 .0210 .0743 .1641 .2508 .2668 .1762 .0446 .0077
7 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0039 .0212 .0703 .1612 .2668 .3020 .1722 .0629
8 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0035 .0176 .0605 .1556 .3020 .3874 .2985
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0020 .0101 .0404 .1342 .3874 .6302

10 0 .5987 .3487 .1074 .0282 .0060 .0010 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3151 .3874 .2684 .1211 .0403 .0098 .0016 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0746 .1937 .3020 .2335 .1209 .0439 .0106 .0014 .0001 .0000 .0000
3 .0105 .0574 .2013 .2668 .2150 .1172 .0425 .0090 .0008 .0000 .0000
4 .0010 .0112 .0881 .2001 .2508 .2051 .1115 .0368 .0055 .0001 .0000
5 .0001 .0015 .0264 .1029 .2007 .2461 .2007 .1029 .0264 .0015 .0001
6 .0000 .0001 .0055 .0368 .1115 .2051 .2508 .2001 .0881 .0112 .0010
7 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0090 .0425 .1172 .2150 .2668 .2013 .0574 .0105
8 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0014 .0106 .0439 .1209 .2335 .3020 .1937 .0746
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0016 .0098 .0403 .1211 .2684 .3874 .3151
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0010 .0060 .0282 .1074 .3487 .5987

11 0 .5688 .3138 .0859 .0198 .0036 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3293 .3835 .2362 .0932 .0266 .0054 .0007 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0867 .2131 .2953 .1998 .0887 .0269 .0052 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0137 .0710 .2215 .2568 .1774 .0806 .0234 .0037 .0002 .0000 .0000
4 .0014 .0158 .1107 .2201 .2365 .1611 .0701 .0173 .0017 .0000 .0000
5 .0001 .0025 .0388 .1321 .2207 .2256 .1471 .0566 .0097 .0003 .0000
6 .0000 .0003 .0097 .0566 .1471 .2256 .2207 .1321 .0388 .0025 .0001
7 .0000 .0000 .0017 .0173 .0701 .1611 .2365 .2201 .1107 .0158 .0014
8 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0037 .0234 .0806 .1774 .2568 .2215 .0710 .0137
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0052 .0269 .0887 .1998 .2953 .2131 .0867
B4 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0007 .0054 .0266 .0932 .2362 .3835 .3293
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0036 .0198 .0859 .3138 .5688

12 0 .5404 .2824 .0687 .0138 .0022 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3413 .3766 .2062 .0712 .0174 .0029 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0988 .2301 .2835 .1678 .0639 .0161 .0025 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0173 .0852 .2362 .2397 .1419 .0537 .0125 .0015 .0001 .0000 .0000
4 .0021 .0213 .1329 .2311 .2128 .1208 .0420 .0078 .0005 .0000 .0000
5 .0002 .0038 .0532 .1585 .2270 .1934 .1009 .0291 .0033 .0000 .0000
6 .0000 .0005 .0155 .0792 .1766 .2256 .1766 .0792 .0155 .0005 .0000
7 .0000 .0000 .0033 .0291 .1009 .1934 .2270 .1585 .0532 .0038 .0002
8 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0078 .0420 .1208 .2128 .2311 .1329 .0213 .0021
9 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0015 .0125 .0537 .1419 .2397 .2362 .0852 .0173
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0025 .0161 .0639 .1678 .2835 .2301 .0988
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0029 .0174 .0712 .2062 .3766 .3413
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0022 .0138 .0687 .2824 .5404

13 0 .5133 .2542 .0550 .0097 .0013 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3512 .3672 .1787 .0540 .0113 .0016 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1109 .2448 .2680 .1388 .0453 .0095 .0012 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0214 .0997 .2457 .2181 .1107 .0349 .0065 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0028 .0277 .1535 .2337 .1845 .0873 .0243 .0034 .0001 .0000 .0000
5 .0003 .0055 .0691 .1803 .2214 .1571 .0656 .0142 .0011 .0000 .0000
6 .0000 .0008 .0230 .1030 .1968 .2095 .1312 .0442 .0058 .0001 .0000
7 .0000 .0001 .0058 .0442 .1312 .2095 .1968 .1030 .0230 .0008 .0000
8 .0000 .0000 .0011 .0142 .0656 .1571 .2214 .1803 .0691 .0055 .0003
9 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0034 .0243 .0873 .1845 .2337 .1535 .0277 .0028
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0065 .0349 .1107 .2181 .2457 .0997 .0214
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0012 .0095 .0453 .1388 .2680 .2448 .1109
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0016 .0113 .0540 .1787 .3672 .3512
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0013 .0097 .0550 .2542 .5133

14 0 .4877 .2288 .0440 .0068 .0008 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3593 .3559 .1539 .0407 .0073 .0009 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1229 .2570 .2501 .1134 .0317 .0056 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0259 .1142 .2501 .1943 .0845 .0222 .0033 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0037 .0349 .1720 .2290 .1549 .0611 .0136 .0014 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0004 .0078 .0860 .1963 .2066 .1222 .0408 .0066 .0003 .0000 .0000
6 .0000 .0013 .0322 .1262 .2066 .1833 .0918 .0232 .0020 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0002 .0092 .0618 .1574 .2095 .1574 .0618 .0092 .0002 .0000
8 .0000 .0000 .0020 .0232 .0918 .1833 .2066 .1262 .0322 .0013 .0000
9 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0066 .0408 .1222 .2066 .1963 .0860 .0078 .0004
10 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0014 .0136 .0611 .1549 .2290 .1720 .0349 .0037
 Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities B5

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0033 .0222 .0845 .1943 .2501 .1142 .0259
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0056 .0317 .1134 .2501 .2570 .1229
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0009 .0073 .0407 .1539 .3559 .3593
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0008 .0068 .0440 .2288 .4877

15 0 .4633 .2059 .0352 .0047 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3658 .3432 .1319 .0305 .0047 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1348 .2669 .2309 .0916 .0219 .0032 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0307 .1285 .2501 .1700 .0634 .0139 .0016 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0049 .0428 .1876 .2186 .1268 .0417 .0074 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0006 .0105 .1032 .2061 .1859 .0916 .0245 .0030 .0001 .0000 .0000
6 .0000 .0019 .0430 .1472 .2066 .1527 .0612 .0116 .0007 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0003 .0138 .0811 .1771 .1964 .1181 .0348 .0035 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0000 .0035 .0348 .1181 .1964 .1771 .0811 .0138 .0003 .0000
9 .0000 .0000 .0007 .0116 .0612 .1527 .2066 .1472 .0430 .0019 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0030 .0245 .0916 .1859 .2061 .1032 .0105 .0006
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0074 .0417 .1268 .2186 .1876 .0428 .0049
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0016 .0139 .0634 .1700 .2501 .1285 .0307
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0032 .0219 .0916 .2309 .2669 .1348
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0047 .0305 .1319 .3432 .3658
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0047 .0352 .2059 .4633

16 0 .4401 .1853 .0281 .0033 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3706 .3294 .1126 .0228 .0030 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1463 .2745 .2111 .0732 .0150 .0018 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0359 .1423 .2463 .1465 .0468 .0085 .0008 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0061 .0514 .2001 .2040 .1014 .0278 .0040 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0008 .0137 .1201 .2099 .1623 .0667 .0142 .0013 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0001 .0028 .0550 .1649 .1983 .1222 .0392 .0056 .0002 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0004 .0197 .1010 .1889 .1746 .0840 .0185 .0012 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0001 .0055 .0487 .1417 .1964 .1417 .0487 .0055 .0001 .0000
9 .0000 .0000 .0012 .0185 .0840 .1746 .1889 .1010 .0197 .0004 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0056 .0392 .1222 .1983 .1649 .0550 .0028 .0001
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0013 .0142 .0666 .1623 .2099 .1201 .0137 .0008
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0040 .0278 .1014 .2040 .2001 .0514 .0061
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0085 .0468 .1465 .2463 .1423 .0359
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0018 .0150 .0732 .2111 .2745 .1463
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0030 .0228 .1126 .3294 .3706
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0033 .0281 .1853 .4401

17 0 .4181 .1668 .0225 .0023 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3741 .3150 .0957 .0169 .0019 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1575 .2800 .1914 .0581 .0102 .0010 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
B6 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

3 .0415 .1556 .2393 .1245 .0341 .0052 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0076 .0605 .2093 .1868 .0796 .0182 .0021 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0010 .0175 .1361 .2081 .1379 .0472 .0081 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0001 .0039 .0680 .1784 .1839 .0944 .0242 .0026 .0001 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0007 .0267 .1201 .1927 .1484 .0571 .0095 .0004 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0001 .0084 .0644 .1606 .1855 .1070 .0276 .0021 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0000 .0021 .0276 .1070 .1855 .1606 .0644 .0084 .0001 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0095 .0571 .1484 .1927 .1201 .0267 .0007 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0026 .0242 .0944 .1839 .1784 .0680 .0039 .0001
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0081 .0472 .1379 .2081 .1361 .0175 .0010
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0021 .0182 .0796 .1868 .2093 .0605 .0076
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0052 .0341 .1245 .2393 .1556 .0415
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0010 .0102 .0581 .1914 .2800 .1575
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0019 .0169 .0957 .3150 .3741
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0023 .0225 .1668 .4181

18 0 .3972 .1501 .0180 .0016 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3763 .3002 .0811 .0126 .0012 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1683 .2835 .1723 .0458 .0069 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0473 .1680 .2297 .1046 .0246 .0031 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0093 .0700 .2153 .1681 .0614 .0117 .0011 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0014 .0218 .1507 .2017 .1146 .0327 .0045 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0002 .0052 .0816 .1873 .1655 .0708 .0145 .0012 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0010 .0350 .1376 .1892 .1214 .0374 .0046 .0001 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0002 .0120 .0811 .1734 .1669 .0771 .0149 .0008 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0000 .0033 .0386 .1284 .1855 .1284 .0386 .0033 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0149 .0771 .1669 .1734 .0811 .0120 .0002 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0046 .0374 .1214 .1892 .1376 .0350 .0010 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0012 .0145 .0708 .1655 .1873 .0816 .0052 .0002
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0045 .0327 .1146 .2017 .1507 .0218 .0014
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0011 .0117 .0614 .1681 .2153 .0700 .0093
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0031 .0246 .1046 .2297 .1680 .0473
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0069 .0458 .1723 .2835 .1683
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0012 .0126 .0811 .3002 .3763
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0016 .0180 .1501 .3972

19 0 .3774 .1351 .0144 .0011 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3774 .2852 .0685 .0093 .0008 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1787 .2852 .1540 .0358 .0046 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0533 .1796 .2182 .0869 .0175 .0018 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0112 .0798 .2182 .1491 .0467 .0074 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
 Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities B7

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

5 .0018 .0266 .1636 .1916 .0933 .0222 .0024 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0002 .0069 .0955 .1916 .1451 .0518 .0085 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0014 .0443 .1525 .1797 .0961 .0237 .0022 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0002 .0166 .0981 .1797 .1442 .0532 .0077 .0003 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0000 .0051 .0514 .1464 .1762 .0976 .0220 .0013 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0013 .0220 .0976 .1762 .1464 .0514 .0051 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0077 .0532 .1442 .1797 .0981 .0166 .0002 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0022 .0237 .0961 .1797 .1525 .0443 .0014 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0085 .0518 .1451 .1916 .0955 .0069 .0002
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0024 .0222 .0933 .1916 .1636 .0266 .0018
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0074 .0467 .1491 .2182 .0798 .0112
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0018 .0175 .0869 .2182 .1796 .0533
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0046 .0358 .1540 .2852 .1787
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0093 .0685 .2852 .3774
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0011 .0144 .1351 .3774

20 0 .3585 .1216 .0115 .0008 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3774 .2702 .0576 .0068 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1887 .2852 .1369 .0278 .0031 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0596 .1901 .2054 .0716 .0123 .0011 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0133 .0898 .2182 .1304 .0350 .0046 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0022 .0319 .1746 .1789 .0746 .0148 .0013 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0003 .0089 .1091 .1916 .1244 .0370 .0049 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0020 .0545 .1643 .1659 .0739 .0146 .0010 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0004 .0222 .1144 .1797 .1201 .0355 .0039 .0001 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0001 .0074 .0654 .1597 .1602 .0710 .0120 .0005 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0020 .0308 .1171 .1762 .1171 .0308 .0020 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0120 .0710 .1602 .1597 .0654 .0074 .0001 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0039 .0355 .1201 .1797 .1144 .0222 .0004 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0010 .0146 .0739 .1659 .1643 .0545 .0020 .0000
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0049 .0370 .1244 .1916 .1091 .0089 .0003
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0013 .0148 .0746 .1789 .1746 .0319 .0022
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0046 .0350 .1304 .2182 .0898 .0133
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0011 .0123 .0716 .2054 .1901 .0596
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0031 .0278 .1369 .2852 .1887
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0068 .0576 .2702 .3774
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0115 .1216 .3585

21 0 .3406 .1094 .0092 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3764 .2553 .0484 .0050 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .1981 .2837 .1211 .0215 .0020 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
B8 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

3 .0660 .1996 .1917 .0585 .0086 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0156 .0998 .2156 .1128 .0259 .0029 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0028 .0377 .1833 .1643 .0588 .0097 .0007 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0004 .0112 .1222 .1878 .1045 .0259 .0027 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0000 .0027 .0655 .1725 .1493 .0554 .0087 .0005 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0005 .0286 .1294 .1742 .0970 .0229 .0019 .0000 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0001 .0103 .0801 .1677 .1402 .0497 .0063 .0002 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0031 .0412 .1342 .1682 .0895 .0176 .0008 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0176 .0895 .1682 .1342 .0412 .0031 .0000 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0063 .0497 .1402 .1677 .0801 .0103 .0001 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0019 .0229 .0970 .1742 .1294 .0286 .0005 .0000
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0087 .0554 .1493 .1725 .0655 .0027 .0000
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0027 .0259 .1045 .1878 .1222 .0112 .0004
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0007 .0097 .0588 .1643 .1833 .0377 .0028
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0029 .0259 .1128 .2156 .0998 .0156
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0086 .0585 .1917 .1996 .0660
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0020 .0215 .1211 .2837 .1981
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0050 .0484 .2553 .3764
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0092 .1094 .3406

22 0 .3235 .0985 .0074 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3746 .2407 .0406 .0037 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .2070 .2808 .1065 .0166 .0014 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0726 .2080 .1775 .0474 .0060 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0182 .1098 .2108 .0965 .0190 .0017 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0034 .0439 .1898 .1489 .0456 .0063 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0005 .0138 .1344 .1808 .0862 .0178 .0015 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0001 .0035 .0768 .1771 .1314 .0407 .0051 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0007 .0360 .1423 .1642 .0762 .0144 .0009 .0000 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0001 .0140 .0949 .1703 .1186 .0336 .0032 .0001 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0046 .0529 .1476 .1542 .0656 .0097 .0003 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0012 .0247 .1073 .1682 .1073 .0247 .0012 .0000 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0097 .0656 .1542 .1476 .0529 .0046 .0000 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0032 .0336 .1186 .1703 .0949 .0140 .0001 .0000
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0009 .0144 .0762 .1642 .1423 .0360 .0007 .0000
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0051 .0407 .1314 .1771 .0768 .0035 .0001
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0015 .0178 .0862 .1808 .1344 .0138 .0005
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0063 .0456 .1489 .1898 .0439 .0034
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0017 .0190 .0965 .2108 .1098 .0182
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0060 .0474 .1775 .2080 .0726
 Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities B9

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0014 .0166 .1065 .2808 .2070
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0037 .0406 .2407 .3746
22 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0074 .0985 .3235

23 0 .3074 .0886 .0059 .0003 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3721 .2265 .0339 .0027 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .2154 .2768 .0933 .0127 .0009 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0794 .2153 .1633 .0382 .0041 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0209 .1196 .2042 .0818 .0138 .0011 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0042 .0505 .1940 .1332 .0350 .0040 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0007 .0168 .1455 .1712 .0700 .0120 .0008 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0001 .0045 .0883 .1782 .1133 .0292 .0029 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0010 .0442 .1527 .1511 .0584 .0088 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0002 .0184 .1091 .1679 .0974 .0221 .0016 .0000 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0064 .0655 .1567 .1364 .0464 .0052 .0001 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0019 .0332 .1234 .1612 .0823 .0142 .0005 .0000 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0005 .0142 .0823 .1612 .1234 .0332 .0019 .0000 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0052 .0464 .1364 .1567 .0655 .0064 .0000 .0000
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0016 .0221 .0974 .1679 .1091 .0184 .0002 .0000
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0088 .0584 .1511 .1527 .0442 .0010 .0000
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0029 .0292 .1133 .1782 .0883 .0045 .0001
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0120 .0700 .1712 .1455 .0168 .0007
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0040 .0350 .1332 .1940 .0505 .0042
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0011 .0138 .0818 .2042 .1196 .0209
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0041 .0382 .1633 .2153 .0794
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0009 .0127 .0933 .2768 .2154
22 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0027 .0339 .2265 .3721
23 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0059 .0886 .3074

24 0 .2920 .0798 .0047 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3688 .2127 .0283 .0020 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .2232 .2718 .0815 .0097 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0862 .2215 .1493 .0305 .0028 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0238 .1292 .1960 .0687 .0099 .0006 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0050 .0574 .1960 .1177 .0265 .0025 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0008 .0202 .1552 .1598 .0560 .0080 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0001 .0058 .0998 .1761 .0960 .0206 .0017 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0014 .0530 .1604 .1360 .0438 .0053 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0003 .0236 .1222 .1612 .0779 .0141 .0008 .0000 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0000 .0088 .0785 .1612 .1169 .0318 .0026 .0000 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0028 .0428 .1367 .1488 .0608 .0079 .0002 .0000 .0000
B10 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table I Table of Binomial Probabilities (continued)

n x .05 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 .95

12 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0199 .0988 .1612 .0988 .0199 .0008 .0000 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0079 .0608 .1488 .1367 .0428 .0028 .0000 .0000
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0026 .0318 .1169 .1612 .0785 .0088 .0000 .0000
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0008 .0141 .0779 .1612 .1222 .0236 .0003 .0000
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0053 .0438 .1360 .1604 .0530 .0014 .0000
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0017 .0206 .0960 .1761 .0998 .0058 .0001
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0080 .0560 .1598 .1552 .0202 .0008
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0025 .0265 .1177 .1960 .0574 .0050
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0099 .0687 .1960 .1292 .0238
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0028 .0305 .1493 .2215 .0862
22 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0006 .0097 .0815 .2718 .2232
23 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0020 .0283 .2127 .3688
24 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0047 .0798 .2920

25 0 .2774 .0718 .0038 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .3650 .1994 .0236 .0014 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .2305 .2659 .0708 .0074 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0930 .2265 .1358 .0243 .0019 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0269 .1384 .1867 .0572 .0071 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
5 .0060 .0646 .1960 .1030 .0199 .0016 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
6 .0010 .0239 .1633 .1472 .0442 .0053 .0002 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
7 .0001 .0072 .1108 .1712 .0800 .0143 .0009 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
8 .0000 .0018 .0623 .1651 .1200 .0322 .0031 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000
9 .0000 .0004 .0294 .1336 .1511 .0609 .0088 .0004 .0000 .0000 .0000
10 .0000 .0001 .0118 .0916 .1612 .0974 .0212 .0013 .0000 .0000 .0000
11 .0000 .0000 .0040 .0536 .1465 .1328 .0434 .0042 .0001 .0000 .0000
12 .0000 .0000 .0012 .0268 .1140 .1550 .0760 .0115 .0003 .0000 .0000
13 .0000 .0000 .0003 .0115 .0760 .1550 .1140 .0268 .0012 .0000 .0000
14 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0042 .0434 .1328 .1465 .0536 .0040 .0000 .0000
15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0013 .0212 .0974 .1612 .0916 .0118 .0001 .0000
16 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0088 .0609 .1511 .1336 .0294 .0004 .0000
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0031 .0322 .1200 .1651 .0623 .0018 .0000
18 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0009 .0143 .0800 .1712 .1108 .0072 .0001
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0002 .0053 .0442 .1472 .1633 .0239 .0010
20 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0016 .0199 .1030 .1960 .0646 .0060
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0071 .0572 .1867 .1384 .0269
22 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0019 .0243 .1358 .2265 .0930
23 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0004 .0074 .0708 .2659 .2305
24 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0014 .0236 .1994 .3650
25 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0038 .0718 .2774
 Table II Values of e−λ B11

Table II Values of e−λ

λ e−λ λ e−λ

0.0 1.00000000 3.9 .02024191

0.1 .90483742 4.0 .01831564
0.2 .81873075 4.1 .01657268
0.3 .74081822 4.2 .01499558
0.4 .67032005 4.3 .01356856
0.5 .60653066 4.4 .01227734
0.6 .54881164 4.5 .01110900
0.7 .49658530 4.6 .01005184
0.8 .44932896 4.7 .00909528
0.9 .40656966 4.8 .00822975
1.0 .36787944 4.9 .00744658
1.1 .33287108 5.0 .00673795
1.2 .30119421 5.1 .00609675
1.3 .27253179 5.2 .00551656
1.4 .24659696 5.3 .00499159
1.5 .22313016 5.4 .00451658
1.6 .20189652 5.5 .00408677
1.7 .18268352 5.6 .00369786
1.8 .16529889 5.7 .00334597
1.9 .14956862 5.8 .00302755
2.0 .13533528 5.9 .00273944
2.1 .12245643 6.0 .00247875
2.2 .11080316 6.1 .00224287
2.3 .10025884 6.2 .00202943
2.4 .09071795 6.3 .00183630
2.5 .08208500 6.4 .00166156
2.6 .07427358 6.5 .00150344
2.7 .06720551 6.6 .00136037
2.8 .06081006 6.7 .00123091
2.9 .05502322 6.8 .00111378
3.0 .04978707 6.9 .00100779
3.1 .04504920 7.0 .00091188
3.2 .04076220 7.1 .00082510
3.3 .03688317 7.2 .00074659
3.4 .03337327 7.3 .00067554
3.5 .03019738 7.4 .00061125
3.6 .02732372 7.5 .00055308
3.7 .02472353 7.6 .00050045
3.8 .02237077 7.7 .00045283
B12 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table II Values of e−λ (continued)

λ e−λ λ e−λ

7.8 .00040973 9.5 .00007485

7.9 .00037074 9.6 .00006773
8.0 .00033546 9.7 .00006128
8.1 .00030354 9.8 .00005545
8.2 .00027465 9.9 .00005017
8.3 .00024852 10.0 .00004540
8.4 .00022487 11.0 .00001670
8.5 .00020347 12.0 .00000614
8.6 .00018411 13.0 .00000226
8.7 .00016659 14.0 .00000083
8.8 .00015073 15.0 .00000031
8.9 .00013639 16.0 .00000011
9.0 .00012341 17.0 .00000004
9.1 .00011167 18.0 .000000015
9.2 .00010104 19.0 .000000006
9.3 .00009142 20.0 .000000002
9.4 .00008272
 Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities B13

Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities

λ
x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0 .9048 .8187 .7408 .6703 .6065 .5488 .4966 .4493 .4066 .3679
1 .0905 .1637 .2222 .2681 .3033 .3293 .3476 .3595 .3659 .3679
2 .0045 .0164 .0333 .0536 .0758 .0988 .1217 .1438 .1647 .1839
3 .0002 .0011 .0033 .0072 .0126 .0198 .0284 .0383 .0494 .0613
4 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0007 .0016 .0030 .0050 .0077 .0111 .0153

5 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0007 .0012 .0020 .0031
6 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005
7 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001

λ
x 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

0 .3329 .3012 .2725 .2466 .2231 .2019 .1827 .1653 .1496 .1353
1 .3662 .3614 .3543 .3452 .3347 .3230 .3106 .2975 .2842 .2707
2 .2014 .2169 .2303 .2417 .2510 .2584 .2640 .2678 .2700 .2707
3 .0738 .0867 .0998 .1128 .1255 .1378 .1496 .1607 .1710 .1804
4 .0203 .0260 .0324 .0395 .0471 .0551 .0636 .0723 .0812 .0902

5 .0045 .0062 .0084 .0111 .0141 .0176 .0216 .0260 .0309 .0361
6 .0008 .0012 .0018 .0026 .0035 .0047 .0061 .0078 .0098 .0120
7 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0008 .0011 .0015 .0020 .0027 .0034
8 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0003 .0005 .0006 .0009
9 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002

λ
x 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

0 .1225 .1108 .1003 .0907 .0821 .0743 .0672 .0608 .0550 .0498
1 .2572 .2438 .2306 .2177 .2052 .1931 .1815 .1703 .1596 .1494
2 .2700 .2681 .2652 .2613 .2565 .2510 .2450 .2384 .2314 .2240
3 .1890 .1966 .2033 .2090 .2138 .2176 .2205 .2225 .2237 .2240
4 .0992 .1082 .1169 .1254 .1336 .1414 .1488 .1557 .1622 .1680

5 .0417 .0476 .0538 .0602 .0668 .0735 .0804 .0872 .0940 .1008
6 .0146 .0174 .0206 .0241 .0278 .0319 .0362 .0407 .0455 .0504
7 .0044 .0055 .0068 .0083 .0099 .0118 .0139 .0163 .0188 .0216
8 .0011 .0015 .0019 .0025 .0031 .0038 .0047 .0057 .0068 .0081
9 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0007 .0009 .0011 .0014 .0018 .0022 .0027

10 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0008
11 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002
12 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
B14 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities (continued)

λ
x 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0

0 .0450 .0408 .0369 .0334 .0302 .0273 .0247 .0224 .0202 .0183
1 .1397 .1304 .1217 .1135 .1057 .0984 .0915 .0850 .0789 .0733
2 .2165 .2087 .2008 .1929 .1850 .1771 .1692 .1615 .1539 .1465
3 .2237 .2226 .2209 .2186 .2158 .2125 .2087 .2046 .2001 .1954
4 .1733 .1781 .1823 .1858 .1888 .1912 .1931 .1944 .1951 .1954

5 .1075 .1140 .1203 .1264 .1322 .1377 .1429 .1477 .1522 .1563
6 .0555 .0608 .0662 .0716 .0771 .0826 .0881 .0936 .0989 .1042
7 .0246 .0278 .0312 .0348 .0385 .0425 .0466 .0508 .0551 .0595
8 .0095 .0111 .0129 .0148 .0169 .0191 .0215 .0241 .0269 .0298
9 .0033 .0040 .0047 .0056 .0066 .0076 .0089 .0102 .0116 .0132

10 .0010 .0013 .0016 .0019 .0023 .0028 .0033 .0039 .0045 .0053
11 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0007 .0009 .0011 .0013 .0016 .0019
12 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0006
13 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002
14 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001

λ
x 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0

0 .0166 .0150 .0136 .0123 .0111 .0101 .0091 .0082 .0074 .0067
1 .0679 .0630 .0583 .0540 .0500 .0462 .0427 .0395 .0365 .0337
2 .1393 .1323 .1254 .1188 .1125 .1063 .1005 .0948 .0894 .0842
3 .1904 .1852 .1798 .1743 .1687 .1631 .1574 .1517 .1460 .1404
4 .1951 .1944 .1933 .1917 .1898 .1875 .1849 .1820 .1789 .1755

5 .1600 .1633 .1662 .1687 .1708 .1725 .1738 .1747 .1753 .1755
6 .1093 .1143 .1191 .1237 .1281 .1323 .1362 .1398 .1432 .1462
7 .0640 .0686 .0732 .0778 .0824 .0869 .0914 .0959 .1002 .1044
8 .0328 .0360 .0393 .0428 .0463 .0500 .0537 .0575 .0614 .0653
9 .0150 .0168 .0188 .0209 .0232 .0255 .0281 .0307 .0334 .0363

10 .0061 .0071 .0081 .0092 .0104 .0118 .0132 .0147 .0164 .0181
11 .0023 .0027 .0032 .0037 .0043 .0049 .0056 .0064 .0073 .0082
12 .0008 .0009 .0011 .0014 .0016 .0019 .0022 .0026 .0030 .0034
13 .0002 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0009 .0011 .0013
14 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0005

15 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002

λ
x 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0

0 .0061 .0055 .0050 .0045 .0041 .0037 .0033 .0030 .0027 .0025
1 .0311 .0287 .0265 .0244 .0225 .0207 .0191 .0176 .0162 .0149
 Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities B15

Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities (continued)

λ
x 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0

2 .0793 .0746 .0701 .0659 .0618 .0580 .0544 .0509 .0477 .0446
3 .1348 .1293 .1239 .1185 .1133 .1082 .1033 .0985 .0938 .0892
4 .1719 .1681 .1641 .1600 .1558 .1515 .1472 .1428 .1383 .1339

5 .1753 .1748 .1740 .1728 .1714 .1697 .1678 .1656 .1632 .1606
6 .1490 .1515 .1537 .1555 .1571 .1584 .1594 .1601 .1605 .1606
7 .1086 .1125 .1163 .1200 .1234 .1267 .1298 .1326 .1353 .1377
8 .0692 .0731 .0771 .0810 .0849 .0887 .0925 .0962 .0998 .1033
9 .0392 .0423 .0454 .0486 .0519 .0552 .0586 .0620 .0654 .0688

10 .0200 .0220 .0241 .0262 .0285 .0309 .0334 .0359 .0386 .0413
11 .0093 .0104 .0116 .0129 .0143 .0157 .0173 .0190 .0207 .0225
12 .0039 .0045 .0051 .0058 .0065 .0073 .0082 .0092 .0102 .0113
13 .0015 .0018 .0021 .0024 .0028 .0032 .0036 .0041 .0046 .0052
14 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0009 .0011 .0013 .0015 .0017 .0019 .0022

15 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0009
16 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003
17 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001

λ
x 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0

0 .0022 .0020 .0018 .0017 .0015 .0014 .0012 .0011 .0010 .0009
1 .0137 .0126 .0116 .0106 .0098 .0090 .0082 .0076 .0070 .0064
2 .0417 .0390 .0364 .0340 .0318 .0296 .0276 .0258 .0240 .0223
3 .0848 .0806 .0765 .0726 .0688 .0652 .0617 .0584 .0552 .0521
4 .1294 .1249 .1205 .1162 .1118 .1076 .1034 .0992 .0952 .0912

5 .1579 .1549 .1519 .1487 .1454 .1420 .1385 .1349 .1314 .1277
6 .1605 .1601 .1595 .1586 .1575 .1562 .1546 .1529 .1511 .1490
7 .1399 .1418 .1435 .1450 .1462 .1472 .1480 .1486 .1489 .1490
8 .1066 .1099 .1130 .1160 .1188 .1215 .1240 .1263 .1284 .1304
9 .0723 .0757 .0791 .0825 .0858 .0891 .0923 .0954 .0985 .1014

10 .0441 .0469 .0498 .0528 .0558 .0588 .0618 .0649 .0679 .0710
11 .0244 .0265 .0285 .0307 .0330 .0353 .0377 .0401 .0426 .0452
12 .0124 .0137 .0150 .0164 .0179 .0194 .0210 .0227 .0245 .0263
13 .0058 .0065 .0073 .0081 .0089 .0099 .0108 .0119 .0130 .0142
14 .0025 .0029 .0033 .0037 .0041 .0046 .0052 .0058 .0064 .0071

15 .0010 .0012 .0014 .0016 .0018 .0020 .0023 .0026 .0029 .0033
16 .0004 .0005 .0005 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0010 .0011 .0013 .0014
17 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0004 .0005 .0006
18 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0002
19 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001
B16 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities (continued)

λ
x 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0

0 .0008 .0007 .0007 .0006 .0006 .0005 .0005 .0004 .0004 .0003
1 .0059 .0054 .0049 .0045 .0041 .0038 .0035 .0032 .0029 .0027
2 .0208 .0194 .0180 .0167 .0156 .0145 .0134 .0125 .0116 .0107
3 .0492 .0464 .0438 .0413 .0389 .0366 .0345 .0324 .0305 .0286

4 .0874 .0836 .0799 .0764 .0729 .0696 .0663 .0632 .0602 .0573
5 .1241 .1204 .1167 .1130 .1094 .1057 .1021 .0986 .0951 .0916
6 .1468 .1445 .1420 .1394 .1367 .1339 .1311 .1282 .1252 .1221
7 .1489 .1486 .1481 .1474 .1465 .1454 .1442 .1428 .1413 .1396
8 .1321 .1337 .1351 .1363 .1373 .1381 .1388 .1392 .1395 .1396
9 .1042 .1070 .1096 .1121 .1144 .1167 .1187 .1207 .1224 .1241

10 .0740 .0770 .0800 .0829 .0858 .0887 .0914 .0941 .0967 .0993
11 .0478 .0504 .0531 .0558 .0585 .0613 .0640 .0667 .0695 .0722
12 .0283 .0303 .0323 .0344 .0366 .0388 .0411 .0434 .0457 .0481
13 .0154 .0168 .0181 .0196 .0211 .0227 .0243 .0260 .0278 .0296
14 .0078 .0086 .0095 .0104 .0113 .0123 .0134 .0145 .0157 .0169

15 .0037 .0041 .0046 .0051 .0057 .0062 .0069 .0075 .0083 .0090
16 .0016 .0019 .0021 .0024 .0026 .0030 .0033 .0037 .0041 .0045
17 .0007 .0008 .0009 .0010 .0012 .0013 .0015 .0017 .0019 .0021
18 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0009
19 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0004

20 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002
21 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001

λ
x 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0

0 .0003 .0003 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0001 .0001
1 .0025 .0023 .0021 .0019 .0017 .0016 .0014 .0013 .0012 .0011
2 .0100 .0092 .0086 .0079 .0074 .0068 .0063 .0058 .0054 .0050
3 .0269 .0252 .0237 .0222 .0208 .0195 .0183 .0171 .0160 .0150
4 .0544 .0517 .0491 .0466 .0443 .0420 .0398 .0377 .0357 .0337

5 .0882 .0849 .0816 .0784 .0752 .0722 .0692 .0663 .0635 .0607
6 .1191 .1160 .1128 .1097 .1066 .1034 .1003 .0972 .0941 .0911
7 .1378 .1358 .1338 .1317 .1294 .1271 .1247 .1222 .1197 .1171
8 .1395 .1392 .1388 .1382 .1375 .1366 .1356 .1344 .1332 .1318
9 .1255 .1269 .1280 .1290 .1299 .1306 .1311 .1315 .1317 .1318

10 .1017 .1040 .1063 .1084 .1104 .1123 .1140 .1157 .1172 .1186
11 .0749 .0775 .0802 .0828 .0853 .0878 .0902 .0925 .0948 .0970
12 .0505 .0530 .0555 .0579 .0604 .0629 .0654 .0679 .0703 .0728
 Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities B17

Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities (continued)

λ
x 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0

13 .0315 .0334 .0354 .0374 .0395 .0416 .0438 .0459 .0481 .0504
14 .0182 .0196 .0210 .0225 .0240 .0256 .0272 .0289 .0306 .0324

15 .0098 .0107 .0116 .0126 .0136 .0147 .0158 .0169 .0182 .0194
16 .0050 .0055 .0060 .0066 .0072 .0079 .0086 .0093 .0101 .0109
17 .0024 .0026 .0029 .0033 .0036 .0040 .0044 .0048 .0053 .0058
18 .0011 .0012 .0014 .0015 .0017 .0019 .0021 .0024 .0026 .0029
19 .0005 .0005 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0009 .0010 .0011 .0012 .0014

20 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0004 .0005 .0005 .0006
21 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0003
22 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001

λ
x 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10

0 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0000
1 .0010 .0009 .0009 .0008 .0007 .0007 .0006 .0005 .0005 .0005
2 .0046 .0043 .0040 .0037 .0034 .0031 .0029 .0027 .0025 .0023
3 .0140 .0131 .0123 .0115 .0107 .0100 .0093 .0087 .0081 .0076
4 .0319 .0302 .0285 .0269 .0254 .0240 .0226 .0213 .0201 .0189

5 .0581 .0555 .0530 .0506 .0483 .0460 .0439 .0418 .0398 .0378
6 .0881 .0851 .0822 .0793 .0764 .0736 .0709 .0682 .0656 .0631
7 .1145 .1118 .1091 .1064 .1037 .1010 .0982 .0955 .0928 .0901
8 .1302 .1286 .1269 .1251 .1232 .1212 .1191 .1170 .1148 .1126
9 .1317 .1315 .1311 .1306 .1300 .1293 .1284 .1274 .1263 .1251

10 .1198 .1209 .1219 .1228 .1235 .1241 .1245 .1249 .1250 .1251
11 .0991 .1012 .1031 .1049 .1067 .1083 .1098 .1112 .1125 .1137
12 .0752 .0776 .0799 .0822 .0844 .0866 .0888 .0908 .0928 .0948
13 .0526 .0549 .0572 .0594 .0617 .0640 .0662 .0685 .0707 .0729
14 .0342 .0361 .0380 .0399 .0419 .0439 .0459 .0479 .0500 .0521

15 .0208 .0221 .0235 .0250 .0265 .0281 .0297 .0313 .0330 .0347
16 .0118 .0127 .0137 .0147 .0157 .0168 .0180 .0192 .0204 .0217
17 .0063 .0069 .0075 .0081 .0088 .0095 .0103 .0111 .0119 .0128
18 .0032 .0035 .0039 .0042 .0046 .0051 .0055 .0060 .0065 .0071
19 .0015 .0017 .0019 .0021 .0023 .0026 .0028 .0031 .0034 .0037

20 .0007 .0008 .0009 .0010 .0011 .0012 .0014 .0015 .0017 .0019
21 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0004 .0005 .0006 .0006 .0007 .0008 .0009
22 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0002 .0003 .0003 .0004 .0004
23 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0001 .0002 .0002
24 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0001
B18 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table III Table of Poisson Probabilities (continued)

λ
x 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

0 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
1 .0002 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
2 .0010 .0004 .0002 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
3 .0037 .0018 .0008 .0004 .0002 .0001 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000
4 .0102 .0053 .0027 .0013 .0006 .0003 .0001 .0001 .0000 .0000

5 .0224 .0127 .0070 .0037 .0019 .0010 .0005 .0002 .0001 .0001
6 .0411 .0255 .0152 .0087 .0048 .0026 .0014 .0007 .0004 .0002
7 .0646 .0437 .0281 .0174 .0104 .0060 .0034 .0019 .0010 .0005
8 .0888 .0655 .0457 .0304 .0194 .0120 .0072 .0042 .0024 .0013
9 .1085 .0874 .0661 .0473 .0324 .0213 .0135 .0083 .0050 .0029

10 .1194 .1048 .0859 .0663 .0486 .0341 .0230 .0150 .0095 .0058
11 .1194 .1144 .1015 .0844 .0663 .0496 .0355 .0245 .0164 .0106
12 .1094 .1144 .1099 .0984 .0829 .0661 .0504 .0368 .0259 .0176
13 .0926 .1056 .1099 .1060 .0956 .0814 .0658 .0509 .0378 .0271
14 .0728 .0905 .1021 .1060 .1024 .0930 .0800 .0655 .0514 .0387

15 .0534 .0724 .0885 .0989 .1024 .0992 .0906 .0786 .0650 .0516
16 .0367 .0543 .0719 .0866 .0960 .0992 .0963 .0884 .0772 .0646
17 .0237 .0383 .0550 .0713 .0847 .0934 .0963 .0936 .0863 .0760
18 .0145 .0255 .0397 .0554 .0706 .0830 .0909 .0936 .0911 .0844
19 .0084 .0161 .0272 .0409 .0557 .0699 .0814 .0887 .0911 .0888

20 .0046 .0097 .0177 .0286 .0418 .0559 .0692 .0798 .0866 .0888
21 .0024 .0055 .0109 .0191 .0299 .0426 .0560 .0684 .0783 .0846
22 .0012 .0030 .0065 .0121 .0204 .0310 .0433 .0560 .0676 .0769
23 .0006 .0016 .0037 .0074 .0133 .0216 .0320 .0438 .0559 .0669
24 .0003 .0008 .0020 .0043 .0083 .0144 .0226 .0328 .0442 .0557

25 .0001 .0004 .0010 .0024 .0050 .0092 .0154 .0237 .0336 .0446
26 .0000 .0002 .0005 .0013 .0029 .0057 .0101 .0164 .0246 .0343
27 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0007 .0016 .0034 .0063 .0109 .0173 .0254
28 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0009 .0019 .0038 .0070 .0117 .0181
29 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0004 .0011 .0023 .0044 .0077 .0125

30 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0006 .0013 .0026 .0049 .0083
31 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0007 .0015 .0030 .0054
32 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0001 .0004 .0009 .0018 .0034
33 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0005 .0010 .0020
34 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0006 .0012

35 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0003 .0007
36 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002 .0004
37 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001 .0002
38 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
39 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0001
 Table IV Standard Normal Distribution Table B19

Table IV Standard Normal Distribution Table

The entries in the table on this page give

the cumulative area under the standard
normal curve to the left of z with the
values of z equal to 0 or negative. z z
0

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09

−3.4 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0003 .0002
−3.3 .0005 .0005 .0005 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0004 .0003
−3.2 .0007 .0007 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0006 .0005 .0005 .0005
−3.1 .0010 .0009 .0009 .0009 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0008 .0007 .0007
−3.0 .0013 .0013 .0013 .0012 .0012 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0010 .0010

−2.9 .0019 .0018 .0018 .0017 .0016 .0016 .0015 .0015 .0014 .0014
−2.8 .0026 .0025 .0024 .0023 .0023 .0022 .0021 .0021 .0020 .0019
−2.7 .0035 .0034 .0033 .0032 .0031 .0030 .0029 .0028 .0027 .0026
−2.6 .0047 .0045 .0044 .0043 .0041 .0040 .0039 .0038 .0037 .0036
−2.5 .0062 .0060 .0059 .0057 .0055 .0054 .0052 .0051 .0049 .0048

−2.4 .0082 .0080 .0078 .0075 .0073 .0071 .0069 .0068 .0066 .0064
−2.3 .0107 .0104 .0102 .0099 .0096 .0094 .0091 .0089 .0087 .0084
−2.2 .0139 .0136 .0132 .0129 .0125 .0122 .0119 .0116 .0113 .0110
−2.1 .0179 .0174 .0170 .0166 .0162 .0158 .0154 .0150 .0146 .0143
−2.0 .0228 .0222 .0217 .0212 .0207 .0202 .0197 .0192 .0188 .0183

−1.9 .0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 .0244 .0239 .0233
−1.8 .0359 .0351 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 .0301 .0294
−1.7 .0446 .0436 .0427 .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 .0367
−1.6 .0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0485 .0475 .0465 .0455
−1.5 .0668 .0655 .0643 .0630 .0618 .0606 .0594 .0582 .0571 .0559

−1.4 .0808 .0793 .0778 .0764 .0749 .0735 .0721 .0708 .0694 .0681
−1.3 .0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .0823
−1.2 .1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .0985
−1.1 .1357 .1335 .1314 .1292 .1271 .1251 .1230 .1210 .1190 .1170
−1.0 .1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1469 .1446 .1423 .1401 .1379

−0.9 .1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 .1660 .1635 .1611
−0.8 .2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .1949 .1922 .1894 .1867
−0.7 .2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .2206 .2177 .2148
−0.6 .2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 .2451
−0.5 .3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .2810 .2776

−0.4 .3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156 .3121
−0.3 .3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520 .3483
−0.2 .4207 .4168 .4129 .4090 .4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897 .3859
−0.1 .4602 .4562 .4522 .4483 .4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 .4286 .4247

−0.0 .5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 .4801 .4761 .4721 .4681 .4641
B20 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table IV Standard Normal Distribution Table (continued)

The entries in the table on this page give

the cumulative area under the standard
normal curve to the left of z with the
values of z equal to 0 or positive. 0 z z

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09

0.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359

0.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
0.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
0.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
0.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224

0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
0.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
0.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621

1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441

1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817

2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952

2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986
3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990

3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998
 Table V The t Distribution Table B21

Table V The t Distribution Table

The entries in this table give the critical values

of t for the specified number of degrees
of freedom and areas in the right tail.
0 t

Area in the Right Tail Under the t Distribution Curve

df .10 .05 .025 .01 .005 .001

1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.309

2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893

6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208

7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785
8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501
9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144

11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025

12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733

16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686

17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552

21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527

22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450

26 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435

27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421
28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408
29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396
30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385

31 1.309 1.696 2.040 2.453 2.744 3.375

32 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365
33 1.308 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733 3.356
34 1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348
35 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 3.340
B22 Appendix B Statistical Tables

Table V The t Distribution Table (continued)

Area in the Right Tail Under the t Distribution Curve

df .10 .05 .025 .01 .005 .001

36 1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333

37 1.305 1.687 2.026 2.431 2.715 3.326
38 1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319
39 1.304 1.685 2.023 2.426 2.708 3.313
40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307

41 1.303 1.683 2.020 2.421 2.701 3.301

42 1.302 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 3.296
43 1.302 1.681 2.017 2.416 2.695 3.291
44 1.301 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 3.286
45 1.301 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690 3.281

46 1.300 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 3.277

47 1.300 1.678 2.012 2.408 2.685 3.273
48 1.299 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 3.269
49 1.299 1.677 2.010 2.405 2.680 3.265
50 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261

51 1.298 1.675 2.008 2.402 2.676 3.258

52 1.298 1.675 2.007 2.400 2.674 3.255
53 1.298 1.674 2.006 2.399 2.672 3.251
54 1.297 1.674 2.005 2.397 2.670 3.248
55 1.297 1.673 2.004 2.396 2.668 3.245

56 1.297 1.673 2.003 2.395 2.667 3.242

57 1.297 1.672 2.002 2.394 2.665 3.239
58 1.296 1.672 2.002 2.392 2.663 3.237
59 1.296 1.671 2.001 2.391 2.662 3.234
60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232

61 1.296 1.670 2.000 2.389 2.659 3.229

62 1.295 1.670 1.999 2.388 2.657 3.227
63 1.295 1.669 1.998 2.387 2.656 3.225
64 1.295 1.669 1.998 2.386 2.655 3.223
65 1.295 1.669 1.997 2.385 2.654 3.220

66 1.295 1.668 1.997 2.384 2.652 3.218

67 1.294 1.668 1.996 2.383 2.651 3.216
68 1.294 1.668 1.995 2.382 2.650 3.214
69 1.294 1.667 1.995 2.382 2.649 3.213
70 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.211

71 1.294 1.667 1.994 2.380 2.647 3.209

72 1.293 1.666 1.993 2.379 2.646 3.207
73 1.293 1.666 1.993 2.379 2.645 3.206
74 1.293 1.666 1.993 2.378 2.644 3.204
75 1.293 1.665 1.992 2.377 2.643 3.202

∞ 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090

 Table VI Chi-Square Distribution Table B23

Table VI Chi-Square Distribution Table

The entries in this table give the critical values of χ2 for the specified
number of degrees of freedom and areas in the right tail.
0 χ2

Area in the Right Tail Under the Chi-Square Distribution Curve

df .995 .990 .975 .950 .900 .100 .050 .025 .010 .005

1 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 12.833 15.086 16.750

6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188

11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801

16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997

21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.559
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928

26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 36.741 40.113 43.195 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.993
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 39.087 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.336
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672

40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.051 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
50 27.991 29.707 32.357 34.764 37.689 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.154 79.490
60 35.534 37.485 40.482 43.188 46.459 74.397 79.082 83.298 88.379 91.952
70 43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 55.329 85.527 90.531 95.023 100.425 104.215
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.278 96.578 101.879 106.629 112.329 116.321

90 59.196 61.754 65.647 69.126 73.291 107.565 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.169
 Table VII The F Distribution Table

B24
The entries in the table on this page give the critical values of F .01
for .01 area in the right tail under the F distribution curve and
specified degrees of freedom for the numerator and denominator.
0 F

Degrees of Freedom for the Numerator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 100
1 4052 5000 5403 5625 5764 5859 5928 5981 6022 6056 6083 6106 6157 6209 6240 6261 6287 6303 6334
2 98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.37 99.39 99.40 99.41 99.42 99.43 99.45 99.46 99.47 99.47 99.48 99.49
3 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23 27.13 27.05 26.87 26.69 26.58 26.50 26.41 26.35 26.24
4 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.45 14.37 14.20 14.02 13.91 13.84 13.75 13.69 13.58
5 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.96 9.89 9.72 9.55 9.45 9.38 9.29 9.24 9.13
6 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.79 7.72 7.56 7.40 7.30 7.23 7.14 7.09 6.99
7 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6.54 6.47 6.31 6.16 6.06 5.99 5.91 5.86 5.75
8 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5.73 5.67 5.52 5.36 5.26 5.20 5.12 5.07 4.96
9 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 5.18 5.11 4.96 4.81 4.71 4.65 4.57 4.52 4.41
10 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.77 4.71 4.56 4.41 4.31 4.25 4.17 4.12 4.01
11 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.46 4.40 4.25 4.10 4.01 3.94 3.86 3.81 3.71
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30 4.22 4.16 4.01 3.86 3.76 3.70 3.62 3.57 3.47
13 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10 4.02 3.96 3.82 3.66 3.57 3.51 3.43 3.38 3.27
14 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.69 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94 3.86 3.80 3.66 3.51 3.41 3.35 3.27 3.22 3.11
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.73 3.67 3.52 3.37 3.28 3.21 3.13 3.08 2.98
16 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69 3.62 3.55 3.41 3.26 3.16 3.10 3.02 2.97 2.86
17 8.40 6.11 5.18 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.52 3.46 3.31 3.16 3.07 3.00 2.92 2.87 2.76
18 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.37 3.23 3.08 2.98 2.92 2.84 2.78 2.68

Degrees of Freedom for the Denominator

19 8.18 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43 3.36 3.30 3.15 3.00 2.91 2.84 2.76 2.71 2.60
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.09 2.94 2.84 2.78 2.69 2.64 2.54
21 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.51 3.40 3.31 3.24 3.17 3.03 2.88 2.79 2.72 2.64 2.58 2.48
22 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35 3.26 3.18 3.12 2.98 2.83 2.73 2.67 2.58 2.53 2.42
23 7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.54 3.41 3.30 3.21 3.14 3.07 2.93 2.78 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.48 2.37
24 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26 3.17 3.09 3.03 2.89 2.74 2.64 2.58 2.49 2.44 2.33
25 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.85 3.63 3.46 3.32 3.22 3.13 3.06 2.99 2.85 2.70 2.60 2.54 2.45 2.40 2.29
30 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98 2.91 2.84 2.70 2.55 2.45 2.39 2.30 2.25 2.13
40 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.73 2.66 2.52 2.37 2.27 2.20 2.11 2.06 1.94
50 7.17 5.06 4.20 3.72 3.41 3.19 3.02 2.89 2.78 2.70 2.63 2.56 2.42 2.27 2.17 2.10 2.01 1.95 1.82
100 6.90 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59 2.50 2.43 2.37 2.22 2.07 1.97 1.89 1.80 1.74 1.60
 Table VII The F Distribution Table (continued)

The entries in the table on this page give the critical values of F .025
for .025 area in the right tail under the F distribution curve and
specified degrees of freedom for the numerator and denominator.
0 F

Degrees of Freedom for the Numerator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 100
1 647.8 799.5 864.2 899.6 921.8 937.1 948.2 956.7 963.3 968.6 973.0 976.7 984.9 993.1 998.1 1001 1006 1008 1013
2 38.51 39.00 39.17 39.25 39.30 39.33 39.36 39.37 39.39 39.40 39.41 39.41 39.43 39.45 39.46 39.46 39.47 39.48 39.49
3 17.44 16.04 15.44 15.10 14.88 14.73 14.62 14.54 14.47 14.42 14.37 14.34 14.25 14.17 14.12 14.08 14.04 14.01 13.96
4 12.22 10.65 9.98 9.61 6.36 9.20 9.07 8.98 8.90 8.84 8.79 8.75 8.66 8.56 8.50 8.46 8.41 8.38 8.32
5 10.01 8.43 7.76 7.39 7.15 6.98 6.85 6.76 6.68 6.62 6.57 6.52 6.43 6.33 6.27 6.23 6.18 6.14 6.08
6 8.81 7.26 6.60 6.23 5.99 5.82 5.70 5.60 5.52 5.46 5.41 5.37 5.27 5.17 5.11 5.07 5.01 4.98 4.92
7 8.07 6.54 5.89 5.52 5.29 5.12 4.99 4.90 4.82 4.76 4.71 4.67 4.57 4.47 4.40 4.36 4.31 4.28 4.21
8 7.57 6.06 5.42 5.05 4.82 4.65 4.53 4.43 4.36 4.30 4.24 4.20 4.10 4.00 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.81 3.74
9 7.21 5.72 5.08 4.72 4.48 4.32 4.20 4.10 4.03 3.96 3.91 3.87 3.77 3.67 3.60 3.56 3.51 3.47 3.40
10 6.94 5.46 4.83 4.47 4.24 4.07 3.95 3.85 3.78 3.72 3.66 3.62 3.52 3.42 3.35 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.15
11 6.72 5.26 4.63 4.28 4.04 3.88 3.76 3.66 3.59 3.53 3.47 3.43 3.33 3.23 3.16 3.12 3.06 3.03 2.96
12 6.55 5.10 4.47 4.12 3.89 3.73 3.61 3.51 3.44 3.37 3.32 3.28 3.18 3.07 3.01 2.96 2.91 2.87 2.80
13 6.41 4.97 4.35 4.00 3.77 3.60 3.48 3.39 3.31 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.05 2.95 2.88 2.84 2.78 2.74 2.67
14 6.30 4.86 4.24 3.89 3.66 3.50 3.38 3.29 3.21 3.15 3.09 3.05 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.73 2.67 2.64 2.56
15 6.20 4.77 4.15 3.80 3.58 3.41 3.29 3.20 3.12 3.06 3.01 2.96 2.86 2.76 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.47
16 6.12 4.69 4.08 3.73 3.50 3.34 3.22 3.12 3.05 2.99 2.93 2.89 2.79 2.68 2.61 2.57 2.51 2.47 2.40
17 6.04 4.62 4.01 3.66 3.44 3.28 3.16 3.06 2.98 2.92 2.87 2.82 2.72 2.62 2.55 2.50 2.44 2.41 2.33
18 5.98 4.56 3.95 3.61 3.38 3.22 3.10 3.01 2.93 2.87 2.81 2.77 2.67 2.56 2.49 2.44 2.38 2.35 2.27
19 5.92 4.51 3.90 3.56 3.33 3.17 3.05 2.96 2.88 2.82 2.76 2.72 2.62 2.51 2.44 2.39 2.33 2.30 2.22

Degrees of Freedom for the Denominator

20 5.87 4.46 3.86 3.51 3.29 3.13 3.01 2.91 2.84 2.77 2.72 2.68 2.57 2.46 2.40 2.35 2.29 2.25 2.17
21 5.83 4.42 3.82 3.48 3.25 3.09 2.97 2.87 2.80 2.73 2.68 2.64 2.53 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.25 2.21 2.13
22 5.79 4.38 3.78 3.44 3.22 3.05 2.93 2.84 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.50 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.21 2.17 2.09
23 5.75 4.35 3.75 3.41 3.18 3.02 2.90 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.57 2.47 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.18 2.14 2.06
24 5.72 4.32 3.72 3.38 3.15 2.99 2.87 2.78 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.44 2.33 2.26 2.21 2.15 2.11 2.02
25 5.69 4.29 3.69 3.35 3.13 2.97 2.85 2.75 2.68 2.61 2.56 2.51 2.41 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.00
30 5.57 4.18 3.59 3.25 3.03 2.87 2.75 2.65 2.57 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.31 2.20 2.12 2.07 2.01 1.97 1.88
40 5.42 4.05 3.46 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.62 2.53 2.45 2.39 2.33 2.29 2.18 2.07 1.99 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.74
50 5.34 3.97 3.39 3.05 2.83 2.67 2.55 2.46 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.22 2.11 1.99 1.92 1.87 1.80 1.75 1.66
100 5.18 3.83 3.25 2.92 2.70 2.54 2.42 2.32 2.24 2.18 2.12 2.08 1.97 1.85 1.77 1.71 1.64 1.59 1.48

B25
 Table VII The F Distribution Table (continued)

B26
The entries in the table on this page give the critical values of F .05
for .05 area in the right tail under the F distribution curve and
specified degrees of freedom for the numerator and denominator.
0 F

Degrees of Freedom for the Numerator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 100
1 161.5 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 236.8 238.9 240.5 241.9 243.0 243.9 246.0 248.0 249.3 250.1 251.1 251.8 253.0
2 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40 19.40 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.46 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.76 8.74 8.70 8.66 8.63 8.62 8.59 8.58 8.55
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.94 5.91 5.86 5.80 5.77 5.75 5.72 5.70 5.66
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.70 4.68 4.62 4.56 4.52 4.50 4.46 4.44 4.41
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 4.03 4.00 3.94 3.87 3.83 3.81 3.77 3.75 3.71
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.60 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.40 3.38 3.34 3.32 3.27
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.31 3.28 3.22 3.15 3.11 3.08 3.04 3.02 2.97
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.10 3.07 3.01 2.94 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.80 2.76
10 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.73 2.70 2.66 2.64 2.59
11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.72 2.65 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.51 2.46
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.50 2.47 2.43 2.40 2.35
13 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.60 2.53 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.26
14 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.19
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.40 2.33 2.28 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.12
16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.46 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.07
17 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.41 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.18 2.15 2.10 2.08 2.02
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.34 2.27 2.19 2.14 2.11 2.06 2.04 1.98

Degrees of Freedom for the Denominator

19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.94
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.20 2.12 2.07 2.04 1.99 1.97 1.91
21 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.25 2.18 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.94 1.88
22 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.85
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.24 2.20 2.13 2.05 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.88 1.82
24 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.22 2.18 2.16 2.03 1.97 1.94 1.89 1.86 1.80
25 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.84 1.78
30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.01 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.70
40 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.92 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.59
50 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.87 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.63 1.60 1.52
100 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.77 1.68 1.62 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.39
 Table VII The F Distribution Table (continued)

The entries in the table on this page give the critical values of F
.10
for .10 area in the right tail under the F distribution curve and
specified degrees of freedom for the numerator and denominator.
0 F

Degrees of Freedom for the Numerator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 100
1 39.86 49.50 53.59 55.83 57.24 58.20 58.91 59.44 59.86 60.19 60.47 60.71 61.22 61.74 62.05 62.26 62.53 62.69 63.01
2 8.53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.38 9.39 9.40 9.41 9.42 9.44 9.45 9.46 9.47 9.47 9.48
3 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.24 5.23 5.22 5.22 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.17 5.16 5.15 5.14
4 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.92 3.91 3.90 3.87 3.84 3.83 3.82 3.80 3.80 3.78
5 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.27 3.24 3.21 3.19 3.17 3.16 3.15 3.13
6 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.96 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.80 2.78 2.77 2.75
7 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.70 2.68 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.57 2.56 2.54 2.52 2.50
8 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.56 2.54 2.52 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.36 2.35 2.32
9 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.22 2.19
10 3.29 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.30 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.17 2.16 2.13 2.12 2.09
11 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.21 2.17 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.04 2.01
12 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.94
13 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.16 2.14 2.12 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.92 1.88
14 3.10 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.83
15 3.07 2.70 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.04 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.89 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.79
16 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.94 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.76
17 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.73
18 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.74 1.70
19 2.99 2.61 2.40 2.27 2.18 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.73 1.71 1.67

Degrees of Freedom for the Denominator

20 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.94 1.91 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.65
21 2.96 2.57 2.36 2.23 2.14 2.08 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.87 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.63
22 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.61
23 2.94 2.55 2.34 2.21 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.87 1.84 1.80 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.59
24 2.93 2.54 2.33 2.19 2.10 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.58
25 2.92 2.53 2.32 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.66 1.63 1.61 1.56
30 2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.63 1.61 1.57 1.55 1.51
40 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.66 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.43
50 2.81 2.41 2.20 2.06 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.68 1.63 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.46 1.44 1.39
100 2.76 2.36 2.14 2.00 1.91 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.61 1.56 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.29

B27