Lesson 01 - Translation and Grammar
Lesson 01 - Translation and Grammar
Lesson 01 - Translation and Grammar
In German there are 3 genres for nouns The plural is the same for the 3
Regular verbs in present tense Irregular verbs in present tense Auxiliary verbs in present tense
prefix prefix
without prefix ei e ie aä ser/estar, tener, “ir a” y los verbos modales
separable inseparable
Subjekt lernen zuhören verkaufen sprechen stehlen schlafen Endungen sein haben werden können
will can
subject to learn to listen to to sell to speak to steal to sleep endings to be to have
future tense modal verb
ich lerne höre zu verkaufe spreche stehle schlafe -e bin habe werde kann
I
du lernst hörst zu verkaufst sprichst stiehlst schläfst -st bist hast wirst kannst
you
er, es, sie lernt hört zu verkauft spricht stiehlt schläft -t ist hat wird kann
he, it, she
wir lernen hören zu verkaufen sprechen stehlen schlafen -en sind haben werden können
we
ihr lernt hört zu verkauft sprecht stehlt schlaft -t seid habt werdet könnt
you
sie, Sie lernen hören zu verkaufen sprechen stehlen schlafen -en sind haben werden können
they, you (formal)
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THE PAST TENSE HAS 2 TYPES
Unlike in English, in German there is no semantic difference between the simple past (Präteritum) and the present perfect (Perfekt).
The simple past (Präteritum) is characteristic of the written language and the present perfect (Perfekt) is characteristic of the spoken language.
Auxiliary verbs generally always use the simple past (Präteritum).
Präteritum Perfekt
simple past present perfect
Subjekt lernen sprechen sein haben werden können to have + participle “to be” + participle
will can displacement verbs or
subject to learn to speak to be to have
future tense modal verb
The participle can be regular or irregular change of state
(always irregular)
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PREPOSITIONS WITH ACCUSATIVE + PREPOSITIONS WITH DATIVE
The complicated thing about German prepositions is not the meanings nor the number of prepositions. They are also available in English, Spanish, and many other languages.
What really costs is that "what goes after the prepositions" is modified by the prepositions in the case.
That means, some prepositions "rule" accusative, others dative, for that reason the noun that comes after the preposition appears in the case that determines the preposition.
für for
mit with, by
von from, by
um around, for, at (for time indication)
zu to, at
*NOTE: The preposition bis is technically an accusative preposition, but is almost always used with a
NOTE: The prepositions of the genitive statt (instead of), trotz (despite), während (during) and wegen
second preposition (bis zu, bis auf, etc.) in a different case, or without an article (bis April, bis Montag,
(due to) are often used with the dative, especially in some regions. If you want to "mix" and not sound too
bis Berlin).
loaded, you can use them in the dative as well.
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German phonetics
a e i o u j r v w ä ö ü ß
like in target like in ten like in bingo like in top like in you like in yoga like in arm like in father like in victory like in band like in sir like in Tyrell like a «s»
double
eu–äu ei ie sch sp st qu ch (I) ch (II) vowel + h
letter
Freund ein sie Schule Sport Start Qualität machen ich wohnen kommen