„BIBFRAME“ – Versionsunterschied

'''BIBFRAME''' (Bibliographic Framework) isist aein [[data modelDatenmodell]] forfür bibliographicbibliografische descriptionDaten. BIBFRAME waswurde designedentworfen, toum replacedas theAustauschformat [[MARCMachine-Readable standardsCataloging|MARC]], andzu toersetzen, useund [[linkedLinked dataOpen Data|Linked Data]]-Prinzipien principlesanzuwenden, toum makeden [[BibliographicNutzen database|bibliographicvon data[[Bibliothekskatalog]]en moresowohl usefulinner- bothals withinauch andaußerhalb der outsidebibliothekarischen theCommunity libraryzu communityerhöhen.<ref name=web-of-data>{{cite report|last=Millerweb |first=Eric |titlelast=Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data ModelMiller and Supporting Services|url=https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf |publishertitle=LibraryBibliographic Framework as a Web of Congress|accessdate=28Data: May 2014|author2=UcheLinked OgbujiData |author3=VictoriaModel Muellerand Supporting Services |author4publisher=KathyLibrary MacDougallof Congress |date=2012-11-21 November 2012|accessdate=2014-05-28}}</ref>

==History Geschichte ==

TheDer MARC Standards-Standard, whichden BIBFRAME seeksersetzen to replacesoll, were developedwurde byvon [[Henriette Avram]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Schudel |first=Matt |titlelast=HenrietteSchudel Avram, 'Mother of MARC,' Dies|url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0605/avram.html |title=Henriette Avram, 'Mother of MARC,' Dies |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=June 2013-06-22, 2013}}</ref> atin theder USamerikanischen [[Library of Congress]] duringwährend theder 1960s1960er entwickelt. By1971 1971,war MARC formatszum hadnationalen becomeStandard thefür nationaldie standardVerteilung forvon dissemination of [[Bibliographic database|bibliographic data]]Katalogdaten in the UnitedUSA Statesgeworden, and1973 theauch internationalein standardinternationaler by 1973Standard.

In aeinem provocativelyArtikel titledvon 2002 article, library technologistargumentierte [[Roy Tennant]], argueddass that"MARC sterben muss" ("MARC Mustmust Diedie",). notingEr thatführte theals standardBegründung wasan, old;dass usedder onlyStandard withinveraltet theist, librarynur community;in andder designedBibliothekscommunity togenutzt bewird aund displayfür die Anzeige, rathernicht thandie aSpeicherung storageoder orSuche retrievaloptimiert formatwurde.<ref name="tennant">{{citeLiteratur journal|lastAutor=Roy Tennant |first=Roy|titleTitel=MARC Must Die |journalSammelwerk=Library Journal |volumeBand=127 |issueNummer=17 |pagesSeiten=26–27|url |Online=[http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2002/10/ljarchives/marc-must-die/ Online] }} {{Webarchiv|url=http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2002/10/ljarchives/marc-must-die/ |wayback=20150407155724 |text=Online |archiv-bot=2023-03-13 01:10:25 InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> AEin 2008Bericht report from theder Library of Congress wrotevon that2008 MARCstellte isfest, "baseddass onMARC forty-year„auf oldvierzig techniquesJahre foralten dataTechniken managementdes andDatenmanagement isbasiert outund ofnicht stepmehr withim programmingEinklang stylesmit ofheutigen Programmiertechniken todayist."“<ref name=on-the-record>{{cite reportweb |url=https://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/news/lcwg-ontherecord-jan08-final.pdf |title=On the Record |publisher=The Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control|url=https://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/news/lcwg-ontherecord-jan08-final.pdf |date=9 January 2008-01-09}}</ref>

InIm Jahr 2012, thekündigte die Library of Congress announcedan, thatdass itsie haddie contracted withDatenmanagement-Firma Zepheira, abeauftragt data management companyhatte, toeine developLinked-Data-Alternative azu linkedMARC datazu alternative to MARCentwickeln.<ref name=zepheira-release>{{cite web|title=The Library of Congress Announces Modeling Initiative|url=https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/news/bibframe-052212.html |title=The Library of Congress Announces Modeling Initiative |work=BIBFRAME |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=2014-05-28 May 2014}}</ref> LaterIm thatselben year,Jahr thekündigte librarydie announcedBibliothek aein newneues modelDatenmodell callednamens MARC Resources (MARCR). an<ref name=mccallum>{{cite web|last=McCallum |first=Sally |titlelast=BibliographicMcCallum Framework Initiative Approach for MARC Data as Linked Data|url=http://igelu.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/IGeLU-sally-McCallum.pptx |title=Bibliographic Framework Initiative Approach for MARC Data as Linked Data |work=7th Annual IGeLU Conference|accessdate=30 May 2014|date=2012-09-13 September 2012|accessdate=2014-05-30}}</ref> Thatund November,veröffentlichte theim libraryNovember releasedeinen avollständigeren moreEntwurf completedes draftDatenmodells, ofdas thenun model,den renamedNamen BIBFRAME trug.<ref name=web-of-data /> {{refn|group=nb|For a detailed history of discontent with the MARC standards between Tennant's 2002 article and the 2012 announcement of BIBFRAME, see {{cite journal|last=Kroeger|first=Angela|title=The Road to BIBFRAME: The Evolution of the Idea of Bibliographic Transition into a Post-MARC Future|journal=Cataloging & Classification Quarterly|volume=51|issue=8|pages=873–890|doi=10.1080/01639374.2013.823584 |year=2013 }}}}

TheDie Library of Congress releasedveröffentlichte version2016 die Version 2.0 ofvon BIBFRAME in 2016.<ref name="overview20">{{Citecite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/docs/bibframe2-model.html |title=Overview of the BIBFRAME 2.0 Model|last=|first=|date=21 Apr 2016|website=Library of Congress |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=6 July2016-04-21 |accessdate=2016-07-06}}</ref><ref name="mccallumJlis">{{citeLiteratur journal|lastAutor=Sally McCallum |first=Sally|titleTitel=BIBFRAME Development |journalSammelwerk=JLIS.it |volumeBand=8 |issueNummer=3 |pagesSeiten=71-8571–85 |urlDOI=10.4403/jlis.it-12415 |Online=[https://www.jlis.it/article/view/12415 Online] }} {{Webarchiv|doiurl=10.4403https://www.jlis.it-/article/view/12415 |wayback=20170916141201 |text=Online |archiv-bot=2023-03-13 01:10:25 InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

== Design ==

[[FileDatei:Bibframe2-model.jpg|thumbmini|Illustration ofdes BIBFRAME 2.0 model-Modells, withmit threedrei core levels of abstractionAbstraktionsebenen (in blueblau)—Work - Work, Instance, Item—andItem three-und relateddrei classesdamit verbundenen Klassen (in orange)—Agent — Agent, Subject, Event.]]

BIBFRAME is expressedist in [[Resource Description Framework|RDF]] andverfasst basedund onbasiert threeauf categoriesdrei ofzentralen abstractionAbstraktionsebenen (workWork, instanceInstance, itemItem), withmit threedrei additionalzusätzlichen classesKlassen (agentAgent, subjectSubject, eventEvent) thatdie relatemit toden thezentralen coreKategorien categoriesverbunden sind.<ref name=overview20 /> WhileWährend thesich ''workWork'' entity in BIBFRAME mayals beZusammenführung "consideredder as the union of the disjointKategorien ''workWork'' andund ''expressionExpression'' entities"<ref>{{CiteLiteratur journal|lastAutor=Sofia Zapounidou|first=Sofia|last2=, Michalis Sfakakis|first2=Michalis|last3=, Christos Papatheodorou |first3=Christos|date=2016-06-01|titleTitel=Representing and integrating bibliographic information into the Semantic Web: A comparison of four conceptual models |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551516650410|journalSammelwerk=Journal of Information Science |language=en|volumeBand=43 |issueNummer=4 |pagesDatum=2016-06-01 |Sprache=en |Seiten=525–553 |doiDOI=10.1177/0165551516650410}}</ref> inim [[Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records|FRBR-Modell]] der [[International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions|IFLA's]] [[Functionalbegreifen Requirementslässt, forentspricht Bibliographicdie Records]]Kategorie (FRBR) entity relationship model, BIBFRAME's ''instanceInstance'' entityin isBIBFRAME analogousder to the FRBRKategorie ''manifestationManifestation'' entityin FRBR. ThisHierbei representshandelt anes apparentsich breakum witheinen Bruch mit FRBR andund theden FRBR-basedbasierten [[Resource Description and Access]] (RDA) cataloging codeKatalogisierungsregeln.<ref>{{citeLiteratur journal|lastAutor=Erik Mitchell |first=Erik|titleTitel=Three Case Studies in Linked Open Data |journalSammelwerk=Library Technology Reports |volumeBand=49 |issueNummer=5 |pagesSeiten=26–43|accessdate=28 May 2014}}</ref> However,Allerdings theweist originaldas BIBFRAME-Modell modeldarauf argueshin, thatdass thedas newneue modelModell "can„nach reflectAnwendung thereduktiver FRBRTechniken relationshipsdie inFRBR-Beziehungen termsals ofGraph, a graph rather than as hierarchical relationships,statt afterals applyinghierarchische aBeziehung reductionistausdrücken techniquekann."“<ref name=web-of-data /> SinceDa bothsowohl FRBR andals auch BIBFRAME have been expressed in RDF, interoperabilityformuliert betweensind, theist twoihre models[[Interoperabilität]] auf istechnischer technicallyEbene possiblemöglich.<ref>{{cite conferenceLiteratur |titleAutor=HighlightsSofia ofZapounidou, LibraryMichalis DataSfakakis, ModelsChristos inPapatheodorou the|Titel=Metadata Eraand ofSemantics LinkedResearch Open Data|last1Hrsg=Zapounidou|first1=Sofia|last2=Sfakakis|first2=Michalis|last3=Papatheodorou|first3=Christos|date=NovemberEmmanouel 19–22Garoufallou, 2013Jane Greenberg |publisherVerlag=Springer |booktitleOrt=MetadataThessaloniki and|Datum=2013-11-22 Semantics Research|isbnISBN=9783319034362 |pagesKapitel=396–407|conferenceurl=http://mtsr2013.teithe.gr/|conference=MetadataHighlights andof SemanticsLibrary ResearchData Conference,Models Thessaloniki,in Greece|editor1=Emmanouelthe Era of Linked Open Data Garoufallou|editor2Seiten=Jane Greenberg396–407}}</ref>

WhileObwohl thedas BIBFRAME-Modell modelderzeit currentlyüber includeseine aKategorie ''serial''für entity[[Periodikum|Periodika]] verfügt, theregibt arees stillweiterhin aProbleme, numberdie ofgelöst issueswerden tomüssen, bebevor addresseddas beforeModell thefür modeldie canKatalogisierung bevon usedPeriodika forverwendet [[Periodical literature|serials]]werden catalogingkann.<ref>{{citeLiteratur journal|lastAutor=Nancy Fallgren|first=Nancy|author2=Lauruhn, Michael |author3=ReynoldsLauruhn, Regina Romano |author4= KaplanReynolds, Laurie Kaplan |titleTitel=The Missing Link: The Evolving Current State of Linked Data for Serials |journalSammelwerk=The Serials Librarian |dateBand=2 May66 2014|volumeNummer=661–4 |issueDatum=12014-05-402 |pagesSeiten=123–138 |doiDOI=10.1080/0361526X.2014.879690}}<!--|accessdate=30 May 2014--></ref> In BIBFRAME lacksfehlen severaleinige serials-relatedDatenfelder datafür fieldsPeriodika, availabledie in MARC verfügbar sind.<ref>{{cite web |last1last=kiegel|title=MARC 008 for continuing resources|url=https://github.com/lcnetdev/marc2bibframe/issues/169 |title=MARC 008 for continuing resources |website=GitHub |accessdate=22 April 2015|ref=github165-04-22}}</ref>

AEin Bericht von 2014 reportäußerte wassich verypositiv positivezu onBIBFRAMEs BIBFRAME'sTauglichkeit suitabilityfür fordie describingBeschreibung audiovon andAudio- videound resourcesVideoressourcen. Allerdings However,wurden theauch reportZweifel alsoan expressedder some concern about the high-levelKategorie ''Work'' entitygeäußert, whichdie issich unsuitablefür fordie Beschreibung modelingeiniger certainAudioressourcen audionicht resourceseignet.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Van Malssen |first1url=Karahttps://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf |title=BIBFRAME AV Modeling Study: Defining a Flexible Model for Description of Audiovisual Resources |url=https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=1 August 2014 |ref=van-malssen |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810111936/http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/pdf/bibframe-avmodelingstudy-may15-2014.pdf |archivedate=2014-08-10 August 2014 |dfaccessdate= 2014-08-01}}</ref>

* Colorado College'sDie Tutt Library hasdes createdColorado severalCollege experimentalhat appsmehrere usingexperimentelle Anwendungen unter Verwendung von BIBFRAME erstellt.<ref>{{citeLiteratur journal|lastAutor=Jeremy Nelson |first=Jeremy|titleTitel=Building a Library App Portfolio with Redis and Django |journalSammelwerk=code4lib |dateNummer=201319 |issueDatum=192013 |urlOnline=[http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/7349|accessdate=30 May 2014Online]}}</ref>

* 14 otherandere researchForschungsbibliotheken librarieserproben aredas testingModell the(Stand model2016).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/bibframe/implementation/register.html |title=BIBFRAME Implementation Register |accessdate=6 July 2016-07-06}}</ref>

* ExLibris[[Ex publishedLibris aGroup|Ex roadmapLibris]] toveröffentlichte implementeine Roadmap für die Implementierung von BIBFRAME in its libraryihrem systemsBibliothekssystem, whichinklusive includes aeiner MARC-tonach-BIBFRAME transformation-Konversion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.proquest.com/about/news/2017/Ex-Libris-Increases-Library-Connectivity-with-Implementation-BIBFRAME.html |title=Ex Libris Increases Library Connectivity with Implementation of BIBFRAME Roadmap |accessdate=8 May 2017-05-08}}</ref>

* [[Resource Description and Access|RDA]], [[Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records|FRBR]], [[FRBRoo]], [[Functional Requirements for Authority Data|FRAD]], andund [[FRSAD]] aresind available inim RDF-Format in theder Open Metadata Registry erfasst, aeiner [[MetadataDatenbank registry#Examplesfür of public metadata registries|metadata registry]]Metadaten-Schemata.<ref>{{Citecite web |url=http://metadataregistry.org |title=Open Metadata Registry |last=|first=|datelanguage=en |website=Open Metadata Registry: supporting metadata interoperability |language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-dateaccessdate=2017-04-30}}</ref>

* Das Schema Bib Extend project-Projekt, aeine W3C-sponsoredvon communityder group[[W3C]] hasgeförderte workedGruppe toarbeitet extenddaran, [[Schema.org]] tofür makebibliografische itDaten suitablenutzbar forzu bibliographic descriptionmachen.<ref>{{cite web |first=Carol Jean |last=Godby |firsturl=Carolhttp://oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-05.pdf Jean|title=The Relationship between BIBFRAME and OCLC’s Linked-Data Model of Bibliographic Description: A Working Paper |urlaccessdate=http://oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/20132014-05.pdf|accessdate=-30 May 2014}}</ref>

==See alsoSiehe auch ==

* [[Linked dataOpen Data]]

==Notes Weblinks ==