Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape ... more Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape character with the use of tools primarily designed for geomatics science. Old maps and plans can be scanned, georeferenced and vectorised and historical photographs can be geocoded in the GIS environment, and thus experienced users can get an idea about the landscape character throughout history from these data sources. However, a lot of users from the general public are not familiar with the language of maps, especially the old ones, and are not able to understand the landscape appearance from 2D datasets only. For that reason, 3D modelling can be very beneficial because 3D models can significantly improve users' experience gained from the portrayed landscape situations. This article presents a complete workflow of landscape model creation based on old maps, plans, drawings and photographs. The described approach employs a combination of GIS techniques, 3D CAD software and procedural modelling tools and aims to maximally exploit datasets which are processed for the purposes of a classical 2D web mapping application. The main goal of this research is not to create highly-precise models, but rather to provide simple though credible visualisations, from which even less-experienced users could identify the urban landscape character in history and its changes in time.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Oct 5, 2016
The "Czech Historical Atlas" project is a part of the NAKI II programme of the Czech Ministry of ... more The "Czech Historical Atlas" project is a part of the NAKI II programme of the Czech Ministry of Culture and aims to create the following two main outputs: a printed atlas of the Czech history in the 20th century and an electronic map portal on the Czech history. This paper is focused on the latter mentioned output and specifically on the design of 3D scenes which should supplement the 2D map content. Currently existing literature is briefly reviewed and the procedural modelling is found to be suitable for the needs of urban landscape reconstruction. Furthermore, available data sources in the Czech republic are discussed and important aspects of modelling are presented.
ISPRS international journal of geo-information, Jan 4, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This contribution was supported by grant of the Ministry of Agriculture-QK1910029 "Antecedent sat... more This contribution was supported by grant of the Ministry of Agriculture-QK1910029 "Antecedent saturation and design rainfalls as factors of hydrological response in small catchments".
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022
The article deals with a comprehensive information system of the historic Vltava River valley. Th... more The article deals with a comprehensive information system of the historic Vltava River valley. This system contains a number of resources, which are described. For old maps, which are the basis of the whole system, their georeferencing and potential problems in creating seamless mosaics are described. Other sources of data include old photographs, which are localized and stored in the system, along with the definition point of the place from which they were probably taken. The vectorization of data is described, not only for area features used for the analysis of land-use changes, but also for the vectorization of contours. These were vectorized from old maps and are substantial for the creation of historic DEM. Vectorized footprints of buildings and vectors of other functional areas subsequently serve as a basis for the procedural modeling of the virtual 3D landscape. The creation of such a complex and broad information system cannot be described in one article. The aim of this tex...
The article describes, in detail, the generation procedure of vector altimetry of an upper and mi... more The article describes, in detail, the generation procedure of vector altimetry of an upper and middle course of the Vltava River historical valley. By the historical valley, the shape of the river valley before the construction of dams on the Vltava River in the second half of the 20th century is understood. The vector altimetry will serve as the base for creating a 3D model of this valley. The initial input data were old maps, specifically scanned first-edition prints of the State Map 1 : 5 000 - Derived (SMO-5). By combining automatic and manual vectorisation, the altimetry component of these maps (contour lines and spot elevations) will be converted to a vector format. Individual processing steps, including the description of automatic vectorisation in the ArcScan extension to the ArcGIS system, together with examples of the results, are presented in the text below.
This article presents a methodology combining building information modelling, CAD, procedural mod... more This article presents a methodology combining building information modelling, CAD, procedural modelling, 3D GIS, and digital cartography to create information models of cultural heritage buildings and their geospatial environments both in history and nowadays. The results of the workflow are 3D web scenes where the most historically significant buildings are presented as detailed 3D textured information models. These models consist of 3D representations of specific architectural elements, which contain semantic information and attributes. Other valuable buildings are modelled classically in CAD and they can be identified as one complete object each, and thus the users can view concise information about the history and important aspects of the buildings. Finally, the common conurbation is generated procedurally. The 3D visualizations can be viewed in a web browser without any plugins needed, and can familiarize users from the general public with the architectural structure of the objects of interest and their environment.
Within the framework of the project "Vltava-transformation of historical landscape as a result of... more Within the framework of the project "Vltava-transformation of historical landscape as a result of floods, dams creation and land-use changes along with cultural and social activities in the river neighbourhood" funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, we deal with many aspects of the Vltava River, considering the significant changes that have taken place in its history. In this paper, we are focusing on the reconstruction of the historic Vltava valley as of 1950s, the period just before the construction of the dam reservoirs cascade on the Vltava River. The aim is to create DTM, which will be the basis of visualizations and analyses of the old river bed.
Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape ... more Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape character with the use of tools primarily designed for geomatics science. Old maps and plans can be scanned, georeferenced and vectorised and historical photographs can be geocoded in the GIS environment, and thus experienced users can get an idea about the landscape character throughout history from these data sources. However, a lot of users from the general public are not familiar with the language of maps, especially the old ones, and are not able to understand the landscape appearance from 2D datasets only. For that reason, 3D modelling can be very beneficial because 3D models can significantly improve users' experience gained from the portrayed landscape situations. This article presents a complete workflow of landscape model creation based on old maps, plans, drawings and photographs. The described approach employs a combination of GIS techniques, 3D CAD software and procedural modelling tools and aims to maximally exploit datasets which are processed for the purposes of a classical 2D web mapping application. The main goal of this research is not to create highly-precise models, but rather to provide simple though credible visualisations, from which even less-experienced users could identify the urban landscape character in history and its changes in time.
Archival spatial data sources (maps and aerial photographs) allow reconstruction and 3D visualiza... more Archival spatial data sources (maps and aerial photographs) allow reconstruction and 3D visualization of landscapes that have been altered by human activity. This article is dedicated to the reconstruction of the 300 km‐long pre‐dam valley of the Vltava River (Czech Republic, Europe) inundated by nine reservoirs built between 1930 and 1992. We used methods based on archival aerial photographs and old maps to reconstruct pre‐dam georelief, which is exceptional because the total area subject to the reconstruction is 1,670 km2. We found that old maps are preferred for terrain reconstruction. The map series “State Map Derived 1:5,000” released between 1950 and 1959 was chosen as the most suitable data source for the pre‐dam valley reconstruction because this map series covers the entire area of interest with elevation information. Based on the processed maps, more than 26,000 km of contour lines were derived by semi‐automatic vectorization. The resulting pre‐dam digital elevation model (DEM) was created using a combination of interpolation techniques. We demonstrated that the methods used for georelief reconstruction under standard conditions should be used carefully while working with such large areas. Geostatistical analysis was performed to verify the accuracy of the resulting DEM. The differences between the model and LiDAR surveyed data were analyzed from three points of view: spatial autocorrelation, normality, and elevation stability. We tested several 3D printing methods for producing a realistic 3D model with a texture applied. The computer numerical control (CNC) milling method was chosen to produce 3D models of the three reservoirs at scales of 1:8,000 and 1:6,000.
Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape ... more Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape character with the use of tools primarily designed for geomatics science. Old maps and plans can be scanned, georeferenced and vectorised and historical photographs can be geocoded in the GIS environment, and thus experienced users can get an idea about the landscape character throughout history from these data sources. However, a lot of users from the general public are not familiar with the language of maps, especially the old ones, and are not able to understand the landscape appearance from 2D datasets only. For that reason, 3D modelling can be very beneficial because 3D models can significantly improve users' experience gained from the portrayed landscape situations. This article presents a complete workflow of landscape model creation based on old maps, plans, drawings and photographs. The described approach employs a combination of GIS techniques, 3D CAD software and procedural modelling tools and aims to maximally exploit datasets which are processed for the purposes of a classical 2D web mapping application. The main goal of this research is not to create highly-precise models, but rather to provide simple though credible visualisations, from which even less-experienced users could identify the urban landscape character in history and its changes in time.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Oct 5, 2016
The "Czech Historical Atlas" project is a part of the NAKI II programme of the Czech Ministry of ... more The "Czech Historical Atlas" project is a part of the NAKI II programme of the Czech Ministry of Culture and aims to create the following two main outputs: a printed atlas of the Czech history in the 20th century and an electronic map portal on the Czech history. This paper is focused on the latter mentioned output and specifically on the design of 3D scenes which should supplement the 2D map content. Currently existing literature is briefly reviewed and the procedural modelling is found to be suitable for the needs of urban landscape reconstruction. Furthermore, available data sources in the Czech republic are discussed and important aspects of modelling are presented.
ISPRS international journal of geo-information, Jan 4, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This contribution was supported by grant of the Ministry of Agriculture-QK1910029 "Antecedent sat... more This contribution was supported by grant of the Ministry of Agriculture-QK1910029 "Antecedent saturation and design rainfalls as factors of hydrological response in small catchments".
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022
The article deals with a comprehensive information system of the historic Vltava River valley. Th... more The article deals with a comprehensive information system of the historic Vltava River valley. This system contains a number of resources, which are described. For old maps, which are the basis of the whole system, their georeferencing and potential problems in creating seamless mosaics are described. Other sources of data include old photographs, which are localized and stored in the system, along with the definition point of the place from which they were probably taken. The vectorization of data is described, not only for area features used for the analysis of land-use changes, but also for the vectorization of contours. These were vectorized from old maps and are substantial for the creation of historic DEM. Vectorized footprints of buildings and vectors of other functional areas subsequently serve as a basis for the procedural modeling of the virtual 3D landscape. The creation of such a complex and broad information system cannot be described in one article. The aim of this tex...
The article describes, in detail, the generation procedure of vector altimetry of an upper and mi... more The article describes, in detail, the generation procedure of vector altimetry of an upper and middle course of the Vltava River historical valley. By the historical valley, the shape of the river valley before the construction of dams on the Vltava River in the second half of the 20th century is understood. The vector altimetry will serve as the base for creating a 3D model of this valley. The initial input data were old maps, specifically scanned first-edition prints of the State Map 1 : 5 000 - Derived (SMO-5). By combining automatic and manual vectorisation, the altimetry component of these maps (contour lines and spot elevations) will be converted to a vector format. Individual processing steps, including the description of automatic vectorisation in the ArcScan extension to the ArcGIS system, together with examples of the results, are presented in the text below.
This article presents a methodology combining building information modelling, CAD, procedural mod... more This article presents a methodology combining building information modelling, CAD, procedural modelling, 3D GIS, and digital cartography to create information models of cultural heritage buildings and their geospatial environments both in history and nowadays. The results of the workflow are 3D web scenes where the most historically significant buildings are presented as detailed 3D textured information models. These models consist of 3D representations of specific architectural elements, which contain semantic information and attributes. Other valuable buildings are modelled classically in CAD and they can be identified as one complete object each, and thus the users can view concise information about the history and important aspects of the buildings. Finally, the common conurbation is generated procedurally. The 3D visualizations can be viewed in a web browser without any plugins needed, and can familiarize users from the general public with the architectural structure of the objects of interest and their environment.
Within the framework of the project "Vltava-transformation of historical landscape as a result of... more Within the framework of the project "Vltava-transformation of historical landscape as a result of floods, dams creation and land-use changes along with cultural and social activities in the river neighbourhood" funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, we deal with many aspects of the Vltava River, considering the significant changes that have taken place in its history. In this paper, we are focusing on the reconstruction of the historic Vltava valley as of 1950s, the period just before the construction of the dam reservoirs cascade on the Vltava River. The aim is to create DTM, which will be the basis of visualizations and analyses of the old river bed.
Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape ... more Modern digital techniques of contemporary cartography allow us to study changes in the landscape character with the use of tools primarily designed for geomatics science. Old maps and plans can be scanned, georeferenced and vectorised and historical photographs can be geocoded in the GIS environment, and thus experienced users can get an idea about the landscape character throughout history from these data sources. However, a lot of users from the general public are not familiar with the language of maps, especially the old ones, and are not able to understand the landscape appearance from 2D datasets only. For that reason, 3D modelling can be very beneficial because 3D models can significantly improve users' experience gained from the portrayed landscape situations. This article presents a complete workflow of landscape model creation based on old maps, plans, drawings and photographs. The described approach employs a combination of GIS techniques, 3D CAD software and procedural modelling tools and aims to maximally exploit datasets which are processed for the purposes of a classical 2D web mapping application. The main goal of this research is not to create highly-precise models, but rather to provide simple though credible visualisations, from which even less-experienced users could identify the urban landscape character in history and its changes in time.
Archival spatial data sources (maps and aerial photographs) allow reconstruction and 3D visualiza... more Archival spatial data sources (maps and aerial photographs) allow reconstruction and 3D visualization of landscapes that have been altered by human activity. This article is dedicated to the reconstruction of the 300 km‐long pre‐dam valley of the Vltava River (Czech Republic, Europe) inundated by nine reservoirs built between 1930 and 1992. We used methods based on archival aerial photographs and old maps to reconstruct pre‐dam georelief, which is exceptional because the total area subject to the reconstruction is 1,670 km2. We found that old maps are preferred for terrain reconstruction. The map series “State Map Derived 1:5,000” released between 1950 and 1959 was chosen as the most suitable data source for the pre‐dam valley reconstruction because this map series covers the entire area of interest with elevation information. Based on the processed maps, more than 26,000 km of contour lines were derived by semi‐automatic vectorization. The resulting pre‐dam digital elevation model (DEM) was created using a combination of interpolation techniques. We demonstrated that the methods used for georelief reconstruction under standard conditions should be used carefully while working with such large areas. Geostatistical analysis was performed to verify the accuracy of the resulting DEM. The differences between the model and LiDAR surveyed data were analyzed from three points of view: spatial autocorrelation, normality, and elevation stability. We tested several 3D printing methods for producing a realistic 3D model with a texture applied. The computer numerical control (CNC) milling method was chosen to produce 3D models of the three reservoirs at scales of 1:8,000 and 1:6,000.
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Papers by Jiří Cajthaml