Emerging from the worst harvest in a decade, the Government of Malawi implemented one of the most... more Emerging from the worst harvest in a decade, the Government of Malawi implemented one of the most ambitious and successful assaults on hunger in the history of the African continent. Through a national input subsidy program, coinciding with better rainfall conditions, maize production doubled in 2006 and almost tripled in 2007. From a 43 % national food deficit in 2005, Malawi achieved a 53 % surplus in 2007, some of which was exported to neighboring countries. An associated decline in the price of maize conveys important benefits to low-income urban
Proyecto especial presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en... more Proyecto especial presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en el Grado Académico de Licenciatura. presentado por Rafael Flor Gavilanes Zamorano, Noviembre del 2000 iii CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LA FIJACIÓN Y REDUCCIÓN POTENCIAL DE EMISIONES DE CO2 EN LA CLASE DE MANEJO Pinus maximinoi/Pinus oocarpa DEL CERRO UYUCA (HONDURAS).
The Proceedings of the Conference on Reduction of Food Loss and Waste, 2019
An aim of this conference and its proceedings volume is to reach different but complementary comm... more An aim of this conference and its proceedings volume is to reach different but complementary communities that can broaden the alliance needed to address the challenge of food loss and waste. Key objectives are to share the latest scientific evidence on how to reduce food loss and waste and thereby contribute to global food and nutrition security. Secondly, to provide recommendations for expanded global and national actions, including public and private investments and initiatives by citizens, corporations, governments, and international organizations. Moreover, the alliance of actors must become broader to make significant improvements globally in reducing FLAW.
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2007
We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and imp... more We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and implications regarding sustainability and scalability. Our underlying hypothesis is that the interacting crises of agriculture, health, and infrastructure in rural Africa can be overcome through targeted public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and, thereby, to increased private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. Seventy-eight Millennium Villages have been initiated in 12 sites in 10 African countries, each representing a major agroecological zone. In early results, the research villages in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi have reduced malaria prevalence, met caloric requirements, generated crop surpluses, enabled school feeding programs, and provided cash earnings for farm families.
The Millennium Villages Project (MVP) was initiated in 2005 to implement the recommendations of t... more The Millennium Villages Project (MVP) was initiated in 2005 to implement the recommendations of the UN Millennium Project for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The project is carried out in 14 sites in hunger and poverty hotspots in diverse agroecological zones in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The interventions and results for increasing staple crop yields are presented for eight MV sites and cover 52,000 farming households or 310,000 people. By supporting farmers with fertilizers, improved crop germplasm, and intensive training on appropriate agronomic practices, average yields of 3 t ha À 1 were exceeded in all sites where maize is the major crop. Teff yields doubled in the Ethiopian site. In contrast, there was little improvement in millet and groundnut yields in the semiarid and arid sites in West Africa. Over 75% of the farms had maize yields of 3 t ha À 1 and less than 10% of the households had yields lower than 2 t ha À 1 . Households produced enough maize to meet basic caloric requirements, with the exception of farms smaller than 0.2 ha in Sauri, Kenya. Value-to-cost ratios of 2 and above show that the investment in seed and fertilizer is profitable, provided surplus harvests were stored and sold at peak prices. Increased crop yields are the first step in the African Green Revolution, and must be followed by crop diversification for improving nutrition and generating income and a transition to market-based agriculture. A multisector approach that exploits the synergies among improved crop production, nutrition, health, and education is essential to achieving the MDGs. . The MVP is community-based and applies science-and evidence-based interventions in health, education, agriculture, road and electricity infrastructure, information technology, water and sanitation, and the environment. The community-based approach used in the MVP follows well-established principles of participation, social and gender inclusion, equity, and local stakeholders' ownership of the decision-making and development processes. Communities are involved in all steps of the project, including assessments and priority setting, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of project activities. Before implementation, communities went through a selfanalysis process in which they determined the resources available within and outside the community, and identified their main priorities. Project staff (all nationals of the countries) work with the communities to assess potential interventions for the local situations, taking into account short-and long-term objectives, and cost effectiveness. Subsequent steps consisted of developing community action plans to address these priorities and the steps needed to achieve the MDGs by 2015.
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2007
We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and imp... more We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and implications regarding sustainability and scalability. Our underlying hypothesis is that the interacting crises of agriculture, health, and infrastructure in rural Africa can be overcome through targeted public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and, thereby, to increased private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. Seventy-eight Millennium Villages have been initiated in 12 sites in 10 African countries, each representing a major agroecological zone. In early results, the research villages in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi have reduced malaria prevalence, met caloric requirements, generated crop surpluses, enabled school feeding programs, and provided cash earnings for farm families.
Using two complementary methods in a framework that allows incorporating both environmental and h... more Using two complementary methods in a framework that allows incorporating both environmental and household-level factors, we explore the correlates of underweight status among children. We use individual children as the units of analysis in 19 African countries, and subnational survey strata in 43 African, Asian and Latin American countries. We consider the relationship between householdlevel demographic and health survey data, environmental factors from external geospatial data sets and two indicators of malnutrition among children aged 1-3, deviations from the international standards of weight-for-age and height-for-age. We discuss methods for data integration. In general, household determinants explain more variation than environmental factors, perhaps partly due to more error-prone measurement at the community level. Among individual children, some measures of agricultural capacity are related to lower incidence of child hunger, while among regions, mea-0306-9192/$ -see front matter Ó 845 680 4870. Food Policy 30 (2005) 584-611 www.elsevier.com/locate/foodpol
Emerging from the worst harvest in a decade, the Government of Malawi implemented one of the most... more Emerging from the worst harvest in a decade, the Government of Malawi implemented one of the most ambitious and successful assaults on hunger in the history of the African continent. Through a national input subsidy program, coinciding with better rainfall conditions, maize production doubled in 2006 and almost tripled in 2007. From a 43 % national food deficit in 2005, Malawi achieved a 53 % surplus in 2007, some of which was exported to neighboring countries. An associated decline in the price of maize conveys important benefits to low-income urban
Proyecto especial presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en... more Proyecto especial presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en el Grado Académico de Licenciatura. presentado por Rafael Flor Gavilanes Zamorano, Noviembre del 2000 iii CUANTIFICACIÓN DE LA FIJACIÓN Y REDUCCIÓN POTENCIAL DE EMISIONES DE CO2 EN LA CLASE DE MANEJO Pinus maximinoi/Pinus oocarpa DEL CERRO UYUCA (HONDURAS).
The Proceedings of the Conference on Reduction of Food Loss and Waste, 2019
An aim of this conference and its proceedings volume is to reach different but complementary comm... more An aim of this conference and its proceedings volume is to reach different but complementary communities that can broaden the alliance needed to address the challenge of food loss and waste. Key objectives are to share the latest scientific evidence on how to reduce food loss and waste and thereby contribute to global food and nutrition security. Secondly, to provide recommendations for expanded global and national actions, including public and private investments and initiatives by citizens, corporations, governments, and international organizations. Moreover, the alliance of actors must become broader to make significant improvements globally in reducing FLAW.
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2007
We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and imp... more We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and implications regarding sustainability and scalability. Our underlying hypothesis is that the interacting crises of agriculture, health, and infrastructure in rural Africa can be overcome through targeted public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and, thereby, to increased private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. Seventy-eight Millennium Villages have been initiated in 12 sites in 10 African countries, each representing a major agroecological zone. In early results, the research villages in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi have reduced malaria prevalence, met caloric requirements, generated crop surpluses, enabled school feeding programs, and provided cash earnings for farm families.
The Millennium Villages Project (MVP) was initiated in 2005 to implement the recommendations of t... more The Millennium Villages Project (MVP) was initiated in 2005 to implement the recommendations of the UN Millennium Project for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The project is carried out in 14 sites in hunger and poverty hotspots in diverse agroecological zones in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The interventions and results for increasing staple crop yields are presented for eight MV sites and cover 52,000 farming households or 310,000 people. By supporting farmers with fertilizers, improved crop germplasm, and intensive training on appropriate agronomic practices, average yields of 3 t ha À 1 were exceeded in all sites where maize is the major crop. Teff yields doubled in the Ethiopian site. In contrast, there was little improvement in millet and groundnut yields in the semiarid and arid sites in West Africa. Over 75% of the farms had maize yields of 3 t ha À 1 and less than 10% of the households had yields lower than 2 t ha À 1 . Households produced enough maize to meet basic caloric requirements, with the exception of farms smaller than 0.2 ha in Sauri, Kenya. Value-to-cost ratios of 2 and above show that the investment in seed and fertilizer is profitable, provided surplus harvests were stored and sold at peak prices. Increased crop yields are the first step in the African Green Revolution, and must be followed by crop diversification for improving nutrition and generating income and a transition to market-based agriculture. A multisector approach that exploits the synergies among improved crop production, nutrition, health, and education is essential to achieving the MDGs. . The MVP is community-based and applies science-and evidence-based interventions in health, education, agriculture, road and electricity infrastructure, information technology, water and sanitation, and the environment. The community-based approach used in the MVP follows well-established principles of participation, social and gender inclusion, equity, and local stakeholders' ownership of the decision-making and development processes. Communities are involved in all steps of the project, including assessments and priority setting, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of project activities. Before implementation, communities went through a selfanalysis process in which they determined the resources available within and outside the community, and identified their main priorities. Project staff (all nationals of the countries) work with the communities to assess potential interventions for the local situations, taking into account short-and long-term objectives, and cost effectiveness. Subsequent steps consisted of developing community action plans to address these priorities and the steps needed to achieve the MDGs by 2015.
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2007
We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and imp... more We describe the concept, strategy, and initial results of the Millennium Villages Project and implications regarding sustainability and scalability. Our underlying hypothesis is that the interacting crises of agriculture, health, and infrastructure in rural Africa can be overcome through targeted public-sector investments to raise rural productivity and, thereby, to increased private-sector saving and investments. This is carried out by empowering impoverished communities with science-based interventions. Seventy-eight Millennium Villages have been initiated in 12 sites in 10 African countries, each representing a major agroecological zone. In early results, the research villages in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi have reduced malaria prevalence, met caloric requirements, generated crop surpluses, enabled school feeding programs, and provided cash earnings for farm families.
Using two complementary methods in a framework that allows incorporating both environmental and h... more Using two complementary methods in a framework that allows incorporating both environmental and household-level factors, we explore the correlates of underweight status among children. We use individual children as the units of analysis in 19 African countries, and subnational survey strata in 43 African, Asian and Latin American countries. We consider the relationship between householdlevel demographic and health survey data, environmental factors from external geospatial data sets and two indicators of malnutrition among children aged 1-3, deviations from the international standards of weight-for-age and height-for-age. We discuss methods for data integration. In general, household determinants explain more variation than environmental factors, perhaps partly due to more error-prone measurement at the community level. Among individual children, some measures of agricultural capacity are related to lower incidence of child hunger, while among regions, mea-0306-9192/$ -see front matter Ó 845 680 4870. Food Policy 30 (2005) 584-611 www.elsevier.com/locate/foodpol
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Papers by Rafael Flor