Kamel Barkaoui

Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Informatique, Faculty Member

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Kamel Barkaoui is full professor (Exceptional Class) at the Department of Computer Science of Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Le Cnam - Paris). He obtained his Ph. D in Computer Science (1988) and Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (1998) from Université Paris 6 (UPMC).His research interests lie in the field of formal methods for specification, verification, control and performance evaluation of concurrent and discrete-event systems.He received the Outstanding Paper Award at the IEEE Int. Conf. on System Man and Cybernetics (Vancouver 1995) and the Prime d’Excellence Scientifique 5PEDR) since 1998.Kamel Barkaoui served on PCs and as PC chair and OC chair of several international workshops and conferences in his areas of research (ICTAC2006), (FM2012), General (Petri Nets2014) (ACSD'2014), MSR 2022.He is founder and SC chair of the International Conference on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems (VECoS).He was a Guest Editor for Formal Aspects of Computing Journal (FACJ), Journal of Systems and Software(JSS), ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) , Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering - A NASA Journal (ISSE) and referee for several international Journals onAutomatic Control or Computer Science.Kamel Barkaoui is currently Associate Editor for the International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems (IJCCBS) and for IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica.He was elected in 2016 member of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts (Beit al Hikma).

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Papers by Kamel Barkaoui

A Blockchain-Based Secure Framework for Homomorphic AI in IoHT for Tackling COVID-19 Pandemic

Internet of things, 2023

Hapicare: A Healthcare Monitoring System with Self-Adaptive Coaching using Probabilistic Reasoning

Patients with chronic conditions require medical care at their home. To this end, a smart follow-... more Patients with chronic conditions require medical care at their home. To this end, a smart follow-up and monitoring system is proposed, called Hapicare; which applies ontology-based uncertain reasoning over IoT sensors data and self-assessment. While similar approaches rely on certain events and rules, the proposed monitoring system is based on probabilistic reasoning that interleaves Bayesian and non-monotonic inference. The latter is defined by using rule-based on concepts of the Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) and the SNOMED-CT ontologies. This system also considers uncertain contextual information captured from sensors and the history of patients in order to better diagnose the current situation and trigger suitable reactions. It allows also handling overlaps between symptoms, the possibility of errors and hidden facts. Hapicare is developed in the context of Medolution EU project.

On the Benefits of Rewrite Logic as Semantics for Algebraic Petri Nets in Computing Siphons and Traps

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2000

Proceedings of the Fourth international conference on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems

This is a review of the proceedings of the fourth I.F.O.R.S. Conference held in 1966 at Boston, n... more This is a review of the proceedings of the fourth I.F.O.R.S. Conference held in 1966 at Boston, not last year's conference at Venice. In fact the copy for review arrived on the Book Review Editor's desk less than one month before the Venice conference started. If the stated targets are achieved the proceedings of the later conference could well be published before this review appears in the Quarterly. One of the prime objects of a review is to help prospective buyers make a correct purchasing decision. Many libraries will place these proceedings on their shelves regardless of quality. But which individuals-and for what reasons-should consider paying £11 15s. for a 3!-lb, 1092-page record of a conference held more than 3 years ago? Morse sums up the conference in a clear and quantitative manner and compares the content of papers presented at the four I.F.O.R.S. conferences. It is gratifying that, in an applied science such as operational research, the papers on applications have increased steadily from 30 per cent in 1957 to almost 60 per cent in 1966. This is the main reason why individuals should consider purchasing the Proceedings. There are numerous texts on theoretical developments but very few on how researchers actually apply their theories. It is instructive to realize that people who are happy to work under the operational research label cover an extremely wide range of activities including marketing, transportation, investment, urban planning, national resources and distribution. The growth of reported work in the more complex areas of marketing and the public sector is particularly gratifying. Operational research will only grow as a subject if its practitioners tackle the more complex and ill-defined problems surrounding them. We are still not completely free from the labels of inventory control and linear programming, but there is distinct hope that the public at large, especially the managerial public, will recognize our wider horizons. Show this book to your managerial colleagues-not to impress or frighten them by its size or the mathematics which occurs in some parts, but rather to show them that there are no boundaries to the types of problems which operational research scientists can tackle.

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Modelling and Analysis of Time Constrained and Flexible manufacturing processes

IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2009

Abstract The aim of this paper is to show the relevance of our model namely, Time Recursive ECATN... more Abstract The aim of this paper is to show the relevance of our model namely, Time Recursive ECATNets (T-RECATNet), for modeling and analysis of flexible and time-constrained manufacturing plans. T-RECATNets are a sound combination of high-level algebraic nets and rewriting logic which offer a practical recursive mechanism to model dynamic structural changes of systems and time constraints explicitly. Also, we give a rewriting semantics to the specific state class graph construction of T-RECATNets allowing the use of the LTL model checker of the Maude system for the verification, with respect to time constraints, of some behavioral properties on the T-RECATNet specifications.

High Level Petri Net Modelling and Analysis of Flexible Web Services Composition

Studies in computational intelligence, 2016

In this paper we propose a model to deal with flexibility in complex Web services composition (WS... more In this paper we propose a model to deal with flexibility in complex Web services composition (WSC). In this context, we use a model based on high level Petri nets called RECATNets, where control and data flows are easily supported. Indeed, RECATNets combine the strengths of recursive Petri nets with the expressive power of abstract data types. Since RECATNets semantics is expressed in terms of the conditional rewriting logic, one can use the Maude LTL Model-Checker to investigate several behavioral properties of Web services composition.

Extended Hapicare: A telecare system with probabilistic diagnosis and self-adaptive treatment

Expert Systems With Applications, Dec 1, 2021

Abstract The massive growth of the population with chronic diseases calls for a telecare system t... more Abstract The massive growth of the population with chronic diseases calls for a telecare system to enhance their quality of life and reduce their treatment costs. Most of the current solutions depend on reliable data, deterministic rules, or the similarity of patients, while studies have shown otherwise. To this end, in this paper, we have extended our previous work on the Hapicare framework to integrate probabilistic diagnosis and self-adaptive treatment. Our new framework enables sensors’ datastream analysis and online decision-making. Its ontology-based reasoning uses Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) ontology to add contextual information to the collected data. Moreover, probabilistic reasoning is applied for diagnosis and screening to manage the uncertainty and unreliability of data as well as the indeterministic medical rules. The treatment system is designed to be modifiable by the experts and automatically adaptable to patients’ needs. The probabilistic diagnosis performance has been evaluated based on two public datasets regarding symptoms and risk factors of two chronic diseases: chronic kidney disease and dermatologic disease. The results show that our solution outperforms a classical classifier specifically when more than 40% of the data are missing. The proposed framework is also validated using four scenarios. The evaluation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed framework to help patients and doctors diagnose and treat medical conditions and episodes.

The performance of alternative strategies for dealing with deadlocks in FMS

ABSTRACT

Improving genetic algorithm using arc consistency technic

Procedia Computer Science, 2019

We studied in this article a topic that focused on two areas of research: Constraint Satisfaction... more We studied in this article a topic that focused on two areas of research: Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP) and genetic algorithms. The problem is that this type of algorithm is recognized to be greedy in terms of CPU time. To solve this problem, we tried to integrate the arc consistency (AC) at the initial population in a way that it would be the result of this filtering. First, we generated the genetic algorithm without integrating the arc consistency. Then, we considered that each chromosome is a CSP, each gene is a variable of the problem and each allele represents the taken value. We randomly generated the CSP to obtain the inconsistent values of each pair of variables. To remove these values, we used the technique of arc consistency as a technique for solving this type of problem, that means we have worked to eliminate from each variables domain the values which violate the constraint specific and make the CSP inconsistent. The aim of this work is to reduce performance in terms of execution time of the genetic algorithm.

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Delay-dependent partial order reduction technique for real time systems

Real-time Systems, Dec 14, 2017

Partial order reduction techniques aim at coping with the state explosion problem by reducing, wh... more Partial order reduction techniques aim at coping with the state explosion problem by reducing, while preserving the properties of interest, the number of transitions to be fired from each state of the model. For (time) Petri nets, the selection of these transitions is, generally, based on the structure of the (underlying) Petri net and its current marking. This paper proposes a partial order reduction technique for time Petri nets (TPN in short), where the selection procedure takes into account the structure, including the firing intervals, and the current state (i.e., the current marking and the firing delays of the enabled transitions). We show that our technique preserves non-equivalent firing sequences of the TPN. Therefore, its extension to deal with LT L −X properties is straightforward, using the well established methods based on the stuttering equivalent sequences.

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Proceedings of the Third international conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computing

Description formelle du Déploiement d'Architectures AADL basée sur les Systèmes Réactifs Bigraphiques

Adoption de Techniques de Vérification Formelle et de Test Basé sur des Modèles pour Valider un Système de Partage de Dossiers Médicaux Basé sur la Blockchain

Le système de partage des dossiers de santé électroniques (DSE) est l'outil moderne pour fournir ... more Le système de partage des dossiers de santé électroniques (DSE) est l'outil moderne pour fournir des soins de santé efficaces aux patients. Ses fonctions comprennent le suivi des thérapies, la surveillance de l'efficacité du traitement, la prédiction des résultats tout au long de la vie du patient et la détection des erreurs humaines. Pour toutes les parties prenantes, l'intégrité et l'interopérabilité du continuum de soins sont primordiales. Pourtant, sa mise en oeuvre est difficile en raison de l'hétérogénéité des systèmes d'information sur les soins de santé, des menaces à la sécurité et de l'énormité des données de DSE. Pour surmonter ces défis, ce travail propose BiiMED: un cadre Blockchain pour améliorer l'interopérabilité et l'intégrité des données concernant le partage de DSE. Cette solution est innovante car elle contient un système de gestion d'accès permettant l'échange de DSE entre différents prestataires médicaux et un tiers de confiance décentralisé pour garantir l'intégrité des données. Cet article traite également de deux techniques de validation pour améliorer la qualité et l'exactitude de la solution proposée: la vérification formelle et les techniques de test basé sur un modèle. La première technique permet de vérifier l'exactitude d'un modèle mathématique décrivant le comportement du système donné avant la mise en oeuvre. La deuxième technique dérive des suites de tests à partir du modèle adopté, les exécute et évalue leurs résultats.

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Formal Verification and Model-Based Testing Techniques for Validating a Blockchain-Based Healthcare Records Sharing System

The Electronic Health Records (EHR) sharing system is the modern tool for delivering efficient he... more The Electronic Health Records (EHR) sharing system is the modern tool for delivering efficient healthcare to patients. Its functions include tracking of therapies, monitoring of the treatment effectiveness, prediction of outcomes throughout the patient's lifespan, and detection of human errors. For all the stakeholders, integrity and interoperability of the care continuum are paramount. Yet, its implementation is challenging due to the heterogeneity of healthcare information systems, security threats, and the enormousness of EHR data. To overcome these challenges, this work proposes BiiMED: a Blockchain framework for Enhancing Data Interoperability and Integrity regarding EHR-sharing. This solution is innovative as it contains an access management system allowing the exchange of EHRs between different medical providers and a decentralized Trusted Third Party Auditor (TTPA) for ensuring data integrity. This paper also discusses two validation techniques for enhancing the quality and correctness of the proposed solution: Formal Verification and Model-Based Techniques. The first one checks the correctness of a mathematical model describing the behavior of the given system prior to the implementation. The second technique derives test suites from the adopted model, performs them, and assesses the correctness.

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A Model-Based and Resource-Aware Testing Framework for Parking System Payment using Blockchain

2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), 2020

In most cities, the availability of parking is a major concern. The misuse of parking spots as dr... more In most cities, the availability of parking is a major concern. The misuse of parking spots as drivers park for longer than permitted periods cause more delays, inconvenience to others, and even parking tickets. Moreover, the payment systems at many locations are still not electronic and rely on hard currency. The search for a parking space also contributes to congestion, pollution, and other safety issues. This paper introduces an end-to-end system that enables automatic car payments in a safe, private, secure, and efficient manner using Blockchain technology. The proposed solution utilizes Ethereum to prototype a solution which can facilitate the parking payments. In addition, Android auto and application modules that automate the payment process have also been developed. Moreover, a validation technique for enhancing the quality and correctness of the proposed solution, namely Model-Based Testing Techniques, has been discussed. The latter consists of deriving test suites from an adopted formal model, performing them, and assessing the correctness. The used formal model may combine both functional and load aspects. A list of techniques for improving the formal testing approach was identified. Besides, the authors explained how to manage dynamic adaptations of the system under test and how to use isolation strategies for avoiding interference between testing and business behaviors. Finally, an optimization phase for testers placement inspired by fog computing is proposed as well.

Time based deadlock prevention for Petri nets

Automatica, 2022

Semantics

This paper deals with the reachability analysis of {P,A}-Time Petri nets ({P,A}-TPN in short) in ... more This paper deals with the reachability analysis of {P,A}-Time Petri nets ({P,A}-TPN in short) in the context of strong semantics. It investigates the convexity of the union of state classes reached by different interleavings of the same set of transitions. In [6], the authors have considered the T-TPN model and its Contracted State Class Graph (CSCG) [7] and shown that this union is not necessarily convex. They have however established some sufficient conditions which ensure convexity. This paper shows that for the CSCG of {P,A}-TPN, this union is convex and can be computed without computing intermediate state classes. These results allow to improve the forward reachability analysis by agglomerating, in the same state class, all state classes reached by different interleavings of the same set of transitions (abstraction by convex-union).

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A Real-Time Review of Social Health Protection and Health Informatics Support for COVID-19 Outbreak

Healthcare Informatics for Fighting COVID-19 and Future Epidemics, 2021

Health informatics and technological advances have the potential to improve the monitoring of med... more Health informatics and technological advances have the potential to improve the monitoring of medical and social protection of patients with communicable and non-communicable diseases through a disease management program and to reduce the financial burden on healthcare. In this chapter, we present a review of decision support systems and electronic health record management as tools for data analysis and data sharing and their integration in real time into health supply chains and social health protection, making health policies more efficient, particularly for those targeting patients infected with coronaviruses in need of health assistance. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Petri Nets for Mobile Agent: Theory and Application

The present paper aims to propose a model enabling the specification, verification and validation... more The present paper aims to propose a model enabling the specification, verification and validation of the behavior for a mobile agent. The model studies the integration, commitment and migration of a mobile agent. The model PNMAM (Peri Net in Mobile Agent Model) is an extension of classical Petri nets with places, transitions and marking the graph, what useful in the validation phase.

Adaptive Deadlock Control for a Class of Petri Nets With Unreliable Resources

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2021

In an automated manufacturing system (AMS), resources are, in general, subject to unpredictable f... more In an automated manufacturing system (AMS), resources are, in general, subject to unpredictable failures, which invalidate many existing deadlock control strategies. In this article, we propose an adaptive deadlock control policy for an AMS with multiple types of unreliable resources. The considered AMS is modeled with a system of simple sequential processes with resources. First, based on an elementary siphon control method, monitors are added for elementary siphons and some particular dependent siphons to ensure the liveness of a system if there are no resource failures. By considering the fact that an unreliable resource may fail in a system, recovery subnets are added to describe the resource failures and recoveries. Since a monitor added for a siphon may not be able to guarantee that the corresponding siphon is always marked if the failure of a resource in the siphon occurs, the concept of switch controllers is presented so as to make the siphon always remarked if it is emptied by resource failures. It is verified that the adaptive controller proposed in this article can guarantee the liveness of the controlled system no matter whether unreliable resources break down or not. More importantly, if there is no resource failure, the system can maintain predefined production without degrading planned system performance. Finally, examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.