Background: Evaluating the prevalence and clinical features of substance induced mental disorders... more Background: Evaluating the prevalence and clinical features of substance induced mental disorders leading hospitalization is important in programming for better management of these disorders. There is a lack of studies investigated the pattern of drugs leading admission in mental hospitals. Objectives: To evaluate demographic and clinical features of patients with substance induced mental disorders admitted to Farabi psychiatric hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013. 359 patients whom admitted with substance related psychiatric disorders were evaluated using demographic questionnaire, clinical and paraclinical exams. patients diagnosed with primary mental disorders, and mental disorders due to other medical condition were excluded. Results: The participant's mean age was 31.44 years. The most of the patients were unemployed males with low education living in urban areas. Amphetamines in 289 (80.5%), opioids in 57 (15.8%), cannabis in 11(3.1%), and benzodiazepines in 2 (0.6%) patients were the main drugs leading admission. Amphetamine induced psychotic disorder with hallucination (40.4%) were the most common diagnosis among the study subjects. Discussion: Amphetamines was the most problematic drug in our setting and amphetamine induced mental disorders were the most prevalent causes of hospitalization. Opioids induced psychiatric disorders were in the second rank.
Introduction: Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with different severity... more Introduction: Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with different severity which is first diagnosed or occurred during pregnancy. Pregnancy as a stressful situation increases the secretion of cortisol. Therefore, considering the relation between cortisol hormone and gestational diabetes, this study was performed with the aim to evaluate and compare serum and urinary cortisol levels in healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 42 women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 42 healthy pregnant women who had referred to Kermanshah diabetic center in 2013. In 24th gestational weeks, 24-h urine sample and no fasting blood sample were provided to assess cortisol level. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests of independent-t, Pearson correlation, multivariate covariance analysis, and Mann-Whitney. PResults: According to multivariate analysis of covariance analysis, there was significant difference between serum and urinary cortisol levels in two groups of healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes (P<0.001). In the evaluation of under the ROC curve, 0.855 was obtained for serum cortisol and 0.866 for urinary cortisol, and to diagnose the gestational diabetes, sensitivity and specificity of serum cortisol were obtained 79.5 and 82.9, and sensitivity and specificity of urine cortisol 84.6 and 90.2, respectively. Conclusion: Serum and urinary cortisol levels is significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes compared to healthy pregnant women. Perhaps with performing studies, these criteria can be used as a criterion to diagnose gestational diabetes. Urinary cortisol level with higher sensitivity and specificity and more non-invasive method is preferred to serum cortisol test.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sep 15, 2013
Background and purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young... more Background and purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young adults that leads to their disability. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of MS in Kermanshah, Iran in 2012. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, total of 448 MS patients in Kermanshah were studied. Data for this study were derived from patients' files, whom were members of MS Society in Kermanshah. SPSS software was used for this research. Results: The prevalence of MS in Kermanshah was 43.3 in 100,000 population, that the rate for women and men were 65.6 and 21.9 in 100,000 population, respectively. The onset for this disease was 30.8 years and the agegroup of 30-34 years devoted the highest proportion of its morbidity to itself (20.1%). 1.2% of patients had familial history of MS in first-degree relatives. Sensory disturbances are the highest manifestations of MS onset (24.1%). 42.6% of patients have been diagnosed within 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there was a high prevalence of MS in Kermanshah and the incidence of this disease was more probable among youths (especially in women). Furthermore, more comprehensive studies are required on epidemiological data and risk factors of MS.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mar 15, 2014
Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous s... more Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with the prevalence of about 2.5 million people worldwide; about half of these patients have reported having trouble in sleeping. This study aimed to investigate the rate of sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with multiple sclerosis in Kermanshah city, Iran, in 2011. Based on the list of MS society, 120 patients by convenient sampling were selected. Two-part questionnaire was used in this study; the first part was researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the second part was Global Sleep Assessment (GSA) questionnaire, which validity and reliability have been confirmed to evaluate sleep disorders. Results: The patients' mean age and mean disease duration was 34.68 ± 9.13 and 9.28 ± 5.57 years, respectively. From 120 samples, 32 (26.7%) were men and 88 (73.3%) were women. More than 87 percent of the subjects suffered from sleep problems and the most frequent problems were anxiety, sleep onset, and sleep continuity. Individuals' characteristics such as gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, and type of illness had a profound impact on certain types of sleep-related disorders. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the majority of people with with multiple sclerosis somehow involved with sleep-related problems. This problem can severely affect daily activities, social relationships and overall quality of life.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Aug 1, 2019
Cancer has been known as the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents in ... more Cancer has been known as the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents in Iran (Saadat, et al., 2015). Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide (Ibrahim et al., 2017). Breast cancer in Iran has been reported moderately so that the spread of that is 25 to 30 per 100,000 population, and 7,000 to 9,000 new cases are detected every year in Iran (Dafei et al., 2017). Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have significant effects on the physical, psychological, and social health of patients (Albert et al., 2004). Aggressive and long-term treatments due to late detection of the breast cancer cause psychosocial distress and reduce the life quality of patients (Parkin et al., 2001). Breast cancer is one of the main challenges in health policies in developing countries such as Iran, and despite the technological advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there has been an increase in the incidence and mortality due to breast cancer in Iran, which results from late diagnosis especially at advanced stages of the
International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Jun 29, 2021
Background: Higher health costs and nancial burden are imposed on people with disabilities due to... more Background: Higher health costs and nancial burden are imposed on people with disabilities due to their health status associated with their disability. Measuring the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) can provide good evidence for health policymakers to assess the current state of nancial protection of the health system. The aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of households with disabled children aged 0 to 8 years who had faced CHE due to the health costs of these children in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 2000 households with disabled children aged 0 to 8 years in ve provinces of Iran in 2020. Data were collected using the World Health Survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Households whose health expenditures for disabled members in the family were more than 40% of the household payment capacity were included in the group of households with CHE. Determinants of CHE were identi ed using logistic regression. Findings: 32.7% of households with disabled children had faced CHE. Head of household being female
This study aimed to determine drug consumption and dependence in those visiting drug abuse treatm... more This study aimed to determine drug consumption and dependence in those visiting drug abuse treatment centers in Kermanshah province in 2013. This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on those visiting drug abuse treatment centers in Kermanshah province voluntarily during the year 2013. Using checklist, information was collected from the files of the individuals by trained experts and, if necessary, by asking individuals, physicians or the experts of the center. The analysis was performed using SPSS version16. Overall, 2652 patients' information (in 80 centers) was studied. The mean age of individuals was 37.98 (±11.18) years and more than 97% of the individuals were male. Opium, tramadol and hashish were the most frequently used substances that were consumed for the first time by the individuals. The mean of years of use for traditional (natural) substances was much more than that for synthetic substances. Proportion of drug use did not differ between men and women. However, the proportion of synthetic materials and non-narcotic substances was significantly different. Based on the results it can be said that that drug abuse is more prevalent among young individuals, educated individuals and those with family history. Since the synthetic drug abuse is increasing, new strategies for prevention of access to these drugs and treatment should be a priority in the related programs.
Background and AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and desire towards per... more Background and AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and desire towards performing elective cosmetic surgery and its relationship with socioeconomic, mental, and spiritual health in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province in the west of Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical study was performed on 492 subjects in Sanandaj using multistage sampling method. Data collection tools included two checklists and two questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the Chi‐square test and multiple logistics regression model by the help of SPSS software version 20.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 32.58 (9.67) years. The prevalence of cosmetic surgery and the desire to perform it were 12.8% (n = 63) and 19.1% (n = 94), respectively. The most common type of cosmetic surgery was rhinoplasty with 5.5% (n = 27). The prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders among people with cosmetic surgery and people willing to perform cosm...
Background: Operational processes in lead mines cause workers to be occupationally exposed to lea... more Background: Operational processes in lead mines cause workers to be occupationally exposed to lead particles, chronic exposure to lead can results innumerous health effects.Method: To know the effects of chronic lead exposure on liver function, the blood lead levels (BLL) and liver function tests of lead miners for 3- years (2017-2019) were followed and the obtained results were compared with those attained in the non-exposed group.Results: The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg dL-1, respectively, p<0.001). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase (r: 0.942, p<0.001), aspartate transaminase (r: 0.869, p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (r: 0.9679, p<0.005), alanine transaminase (r: 0.9779, p<0.001), and bilirubin (r: 0.9169, p<0.001) levels, while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride (...
Background: Ritalin is an amphetamine that possible to abuse, especially among college students. ... more Background: Ritalin is an amphetamine that possible to abuse, especially among college students. This study performed with aim to determine the attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intentions regarding Ritalin abuse among college students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 college students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, during spring 2013. Participants selected in random sampling with probability proportional to size, and data were collected by using questionnaire in self-report. Data were described by using SPSS-21. Findings: Mean age of students was 23.02±2.28 years. 6.6 percent of students reported having experienced Ritalin abuse. Participants respectively received 47.7, 48.6, 48, 43.5 and 52.6 percent of the maximum score for the domains; attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intention to use Ritalin. Conclusion: Our findings showed, more intention to Ritalin abuse during cores exam, it seem skills study education for student could be beneficial results to Ritalin abuse prevention.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Iranian women and the age of affliction with b... more Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Iranian women and the age of affliction with breast cancer in Iranian women is at least a decade lower than that of women in developed countries. Mammography is the effective method in reducing deaths because of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the social support and self-efficacy related to undergoing mammography. In this cross-sectional study, conducted among men’s referred to health centers in Kermanshah County, the West of Iran, during 2016 were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire including the background variables, standard social support scale and general self-efficacy questioner. Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 21 using bivariate correlations and logistic regression statistical tests. Participants, ages ranged from 30-48 years 95% Cl: 35.01, 36.79, Almost 12.1% (14/116) of the participants had already undergone mammograp...
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the major factor of death from cancer i... more Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the major factor of death from cancer in women worldwide and also it is the most common cancer among women in Iran. Many studies suggest that breast cancer is associated with latitude, sunlight and vitamin D. This study was conducted with aim to ecologically evaluate breast cancer in Iranian women based on geographical latitude, exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. Methods: This ecological study is was performed in 2014 with aim to evaluate the relationship between breast cancer in Iranian women and some effective factors such as latitude, exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. For this purpose, we used National Cancer Registry data, Iran segmentation map based on latitude, distribution of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency based on the results of the study of SaeidNia, and mean hours of sunlight which was collected by the Meteorological Agency. Results: in lower latitudes especially at 20 to25 degrees which the incidence of brea...
Background: Nurses are at risk of injuries caused by sharp instruments in hospitals. The objectiv... more Background: Nurses are at risk of injuries caused by sharp instruments in hospitals. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of injuries due to sharp instruments and its relevant factors among nurses of
Background: Evaluating the prevalence and clinical features of substance induced mental disorders... more Background: Evaluating the prevalence and clinical features of substance induced mental disorders leading hospitalization is important in programming for better management of these disorders. There is a lack of studies investigated the pattern of drugs leading admission in mental hospitals. Objectives: To evaluate demographic and clinical features of patients with substance induced mental disorders admitted to Farabi psychiatric hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013. 359 patients whom admitted with substance related psychiatric disorders were evaluated using demographic questionnaire, clinical and paraclinical exams. patients diagnosed with primary mental disorders, and mental disorders due to other medical condition were excluded. Results: The participant's mean age was 31.44 years. The most of the patients were unemployed males with low education living in urban areas. Amphetamines in 289 (80.5%), opioids in 57 (15.8%), cannabis in 11(3.1%), and benzodiazepines in 2 (0.6%) patients were the main drugs leading admission. Amphetamine induced psychotic disorder with hallucination (40.4%) were the most common diagnosis among the study subjects. Discussion: Amphetamines was the most problematic drug in our setting and amphetamine induced mental disorders were the most prevalent causes of hospitalization. Opioids induced psychiatric disorders were in the second rank.
Introduction: Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with different severity... more Introduction: Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with different severity which is first diagnosed or occurred during pregnancy. Pregnancy as a stressful situation increases the secretion of cortisol. Therefore, considering the relation between cortisol hormone and gestational diabetes, this study was performed with the aim to evaluate and compare serum and urinary cortisol levels in healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 42 women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 42 healthy pregnant women who had referred to Kermanshah diabetic center in 2013. In 24th gestational weeks, 24-h urine sample and no fasting blood sample were provided to assess cortisol level. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests of independent-t, Pearson correlation, multivariate covariance analysis, and Mann-Whitney. PResults: According to multivariate analysis of covariance analysis, there was significant difference between serum and urinary cortisol levels in two groups of healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes (P<0.001). In the evaluation of under the ROC curve, 0.855 was obtained for serum cortisol and 0.866 for urinary cortisol, and to diagnose the gestational diabetes, sensitivity and specificity of serum cortisol were obtained 79.5 and 82.9, and sensitivity and specificity of urine cortisol 84.6 and 90.2, respectively. Conclusion: Serum and urinary cortisol levels is significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes compared to healthy pregnant women. Perhaps with performing studies, these criteria can be used as a criterion to diagnose gestational diabetes. Urinary cortisol level with higher sensitivity and specificity and more non-invasive method is preferred to serum cortisol test.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sep 15, 2013
Background and purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young... more Background and purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young adults that leads to their disability. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of MS in Kermanshah, Iran in 2012. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, total of 448 MS patients in Kermanshah were studied. Data for this study were derived from patients' files, whom were members of MS Society in Kermanshah. SPSS software was used for this research. Results: The prevalence of MS in Kermanshah was 43.3 in 100,000 population, that the rate for women and men were 65.6 and 21.9 in 100,000 population, respectively. The onset for this disease was 30.8 years and the agegroup of 30-34 years devoted the highest proportion of its morbidity to itself (20.1%). 1.2% of patients had familial history of MS in first-degree relatives. Sensory disturbances are the highest manifestations of MS onset (24.1%). 42.6% of patients have been diagnosed within 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there was a high prevalence of MS in Kermanshah and the incidence of this disease was more probable among youths (especially in women). Furthermore, more comprehensive studies are required on epidemiological data and risk factors of MS.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mar 15, 2014
Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous s... more Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with the prevalence of about 2.5 million people worldwide; about half of these patients have reported having trouble in sleeping. This study aimed to investigate the rate of sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with multiple sclerosis in Kermanshah city, Iran, in 2011. Based on the list of MS society, 120 patients by convenient sampling were selected. Two-part questionnaire was used in this study; the first part was researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the second part was Global Sleep Assessment (GSA) questionnaire, which validity and reliability have been confirmed to evaluate sleep disorders. Results: The patients' mean age and mean disease duration was 34.68 ± 9.13 and 9.28 ± 5.57 years, respectively. From 120 samples, 32 (26.7%) were men and 88 (73.3%) were women. More than 87 percent of the subjects suffered from sleep problems and the most frequent problems were anxiety, sleep onset, and sleep continuity. Individuals' characteristics such as gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, and type of illness had a profound impact on certain types of sleep-related disorders. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the majority of people with with multiple sclerosis somehow involved with sleep-related problems. This problem can severely affect daily activities, social relationships and overall quality of life.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Aug 1, 2019
Cancer has been known as the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents in ... more Cancer has been known as the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and accidents in Iran (Saadat, et al., 2015). Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide (Ibrahim et al., 2017). Breast cancer in Iran has been reported moderately so that the spread of that is 25 to 30 per 100,000 population, and 7,000 to 9,000 new cases are detected every year in Iran (Dafei et al., 2017). Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have significant effects on the physical, psychological, and social health of patients (Albert et al., 2004). Aggressive and long-term treatments due to late detection of the breast cancer cause psychosocial distress and reduce the life quality of patients (Parkin et al., 2001). Breast cancer is one of the main challenges in health policies in developing countries such as Iran, and despite the technological advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there has been an increase in the incidence and mortality due to breast cancer in Iran, which results from late diagnosis especially at advanced stages of the
International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Jun 29, 2021
Background: Higher health costs and nancial burden are imposed on people with disabilities due to... more Background: Higher health costs and nancial burden are imposed on people with disabilities due to their health status associated with their disability. Measuring the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) can provide good evidence for health policymakers to assess the current state of nancial protection of the health system. The aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of households with disabled children aged 0 to 8 years who had faced CHE due to the health costs of these children in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 2000 households with disabled children aged 0 to 8 years in ve provinces of Iran in 2020. Data were collected using the World Health Survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Households whose health expenditures for disabled members in the family were more than 40% of the household payment capacity were included in the group of households with CHE. Determinants of CHE were identi ed using logistic regression. Findings: 32.7% of households with disabled children had faced CHE. Head of household being female
This study aimed to determine drug consumption and dependence in those visiting drug abuse treatm... more This study aimed to determine drug consumption and dependence in those visiting drug abuse treatment centers in Kermanshah province in 2013. This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on those visiting drug abuse treatment centers in Kermanshah province voluntarily during the year 2013. Using checklist, information was collected from the files of the individuals by trained experts and, if necessary, by asking individuals, physicians or the experts of the center. The analysis was performed using SPSS version16. Overall, 2652 patients' information (in 80 centers) was studied. The mean age of individuals was 37.98 (±11.18) years and more than 97% of the individuals were male. Opium, tramadol and hashish were the most frequently used substances that were consumed for the first time by the individuals. The mean of years of use for traditional (natural) substances was much more than that for synthetic substances. Proportion of drug use did not differ between men and women. However, the proportion of synthetic materials and non-narcotic substances was significantly different. Based on the results it can be said that that drug abuse is more prevalent among young individuals, educated individuals and those with family history. Since the synthetic drug abuse is increasing, new strategies for prevention of access to these drugs and treatment should be a priority in the related programs.
Background and AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and desire towards per... more Background and AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and desire towards performing elective cosmetic surgery and its relationship with socioeconomic, mental, and spiritual health in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province in the west of Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical study was performed on 492 subjects in Sanandaj using multistage sampling method. Data collection tools included two checklists and two questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the Chi‐square test and multiple logistics regression model by the help of SPSS software version 20.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 32.58 (9.67) years. The prevalence of cosmetic surgery and the desire to perform it were 12.8% (n = 63) and 19.1% (n = 94), respectively. The most common type of cosmetic surgery was rhinoplasty with 5.5% (n = 27). The prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders among people with cosmetic surgery and people willing to perform cosm...
Background: Operational processes in lead mines cause workers to be occupationally exposed to lea... more Background: Operational processes in lead mines cause workers to be occupationally exposed to lead particles, chronic exposure to lead can results innumerous health effects.Method: To know the effects of chronic lead exposure on liver function, the blood lead levels (BLL) and liver function tests of lead miners for 3- years (2017-2019) were followed and the obtained results were compared with those attained in the non-exposed group.Results: The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg dL-1, respectively, p<0.001). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase (r: 0.942, p<0.001), aspartate transaminase (r: 0.869, p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (r: 0.9679, p<0.005), alanine transaminase (r: 0.9779, p<0.001), and bilirubin (r: 0.9169, p<0.001) levels, while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride (...
Background: Ritalin is an amphetamine that possible to abuse, especially among college students. ... more Background: Ritalin is an amphetamine that possible to abuse, especially among college students. This study performed with aim to determine the attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intentions regarding Ritalin abuse among college students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 college students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, during spring 2013. Participants selected in random sampling with probability proportional to size, and data were collected by using questionnaire in self-report. Data were described by using SPSS-21. Findings: Mean age of students was 23.02±2.28 years. 6.6 percent of students reported having experienced Ritalin abuse. Participants respectively received 47.7, 48.6, 48, 43.5 and 52.6 percent of the maximum score for the domains; attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intention to use Ritalin. Conclusion: Our findings showed, more intention to Ritalin abuse during cores exam, it seem skills study education for student could be beneficial results to Ritalin abuse prevention.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Iranian women and the age of affliction with b... more Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Iranian women and the age of affliction with breast cancer in Iranian women is at least a decade lower than that of women in developed countries. Mammography is the effective method in reducing deaths because of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the social support and self-efficacy related to undergoing mammography. In this cross-sectional study, conducted among men’s referred to health centers in Kermanshah County, the West of Iran, during 2016 were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire including the background variables, standard social support scale and general self-efficacy questioner. Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 21 using bivariate correlations and logistic regression statistical tests. Participants, ages ranged from 30-48 years 95% Cl: 35.01, 36.79, Almost 12.1% (14/116) of the participants had already undergone mammograp...
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the major factor of death from cancer i... more Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the major factor of death from cancer in women worldwide and also it is the most common cancer among women in Iran. Many studies suggest that breast cancer is associated with latitude, sunlight and vitamin D. This study was conducted with aim to ecologically evaluate breast cancer in Iranian women based on geographical latitude, exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. Methods: This ecological study is was performed in 2014 with aim to evaluate the relationship between breast cancer in Iranian women and some effective factors such as latitude, exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. For this purpose, we used National Cancer Registry data, Iran segmentation map based on latitude, distribution of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency based on the results of the study of SaeidNia, and mean hours of sunlight which was collected by the Meteorological Agency. Results: in lower latitudes especially at 20 to25 degrees which the incidence of brea...
Background: Nurses are at risk of injuries caused by sharp instruments in hospitals. The objectiv... more Background: Nurses are at risk of injuries caused by sharp instruments in hospitals. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of injuries due to sharp instruments and its relevant factors among nurses of
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