Rapid progression in resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic organisms is a serious conc... more Rapid progression in resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic organisms is a serious concern. This study aimed to synthesize fatty amido benzoic acid (FBA) from Citrullus colocynthis seed oil (CCO) and evaluate its safety profile as an alternative bioactive agent for combating drug-resistant pathogens. FBA was synthesised through simple chemical reaction route and examined for its antioxidant activity and antimicrobial capacity against selected drug-resistant microorganisms. Effect of FBA on hepato-renal function makers and oxidative stress was also examined using Wistar rats. Density functional theory (DFT) approach was employed to understand the action of FBA with the aid of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed the most abundant fatty acid in CCO to be C18:2 (55.88%). Results from Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) confirmed the...
Hybrid clay composites were prepared from Kaolinite clay and Carica papaya seeds via modification... more Hybrid clay composites were prepared from Kaolinite clay and Carica papaya seeds via modification with chitosan, Alum, NaOH, and ZnCl 2 in different ratios, using solvothermal and surface modification techniques. Several composite adsorbents were prepared, and the most efficient of them for the removal of gram negative enteric bacteria was the hybrid clay composite that was surface-modified with chitosan, Ch-nHYCA 1:5 (Chitosan: nHYCA = 1:5). This composite adsorbent had a maximum adsorption removal value of 4.07 × 10 6 cfu/mL for V. cholerae after 120 min, 1.95 × 10 6 cfu/mL for E. coli after ∼180 min and 3.25 × 10 6 cfu/mL for S. typhi after 270 min. The Brouers-Sotolongo model was found to better predict the maximum adsorption capacity (q max) of Ch-nHYCA 1:5 composite adsorbent for the removal of E. coli with a q max of 103.07 mg/g (7.93 × 10 7 cfu/
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2014
A measured Escherichia coli level in drinking water is perhaps the most popular means of determin... more A measured Escherichia coli level in drinking water is perhaps the most popular means of determining human health risks globally. Water samples from wells, boreholes and sachet water, the 3 predominant sources of drinking water in the study area were evaluated for the presence of bacteria, particularly E coli. Bacteria isolation was done using standard microbiological procedures while identification of isolates was done using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Enumeration of standard plate count was done by spread plate method on serially diluted water samples. The prevalence of E coli in the water samples and the activities of cefoxitin, fusidic acid, meticillin, penicillin and vancomycin against the E coli isolates and the susceptibility testing data were obtained using Kirby Bauer method. A total of six bacteria species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. The mean bacteria counts ranged between 3.74 x 104 to 1.65 x 102 CFU/ml for well and borehole water and 0.81 to 5.1 x 102 CFU/ml for sachet water samples. Out of the 6 E coli strains representing 27.2% of the isolated bacteria species; two, representing 33.3% of the strains showed moderate to high resistance against meticillin. These findings are expected to motivate public health stakeholders in the study location to attempt reducing the growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, and their ecotoxic effects.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013
The evaluation of the effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means for improving the bacterio... more The evaluation of the effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means for improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water was carried out using a completely randomized block design. Total plate and total coliform counts were enumerated for day 0-10 samples using Nutrient Agar (NA) and multiple tube techniques respectively. Physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried out using standard procedures including titrimetric methods. Ten bacteria species including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundil, Salmonella typhymurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Arizona spp., Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. For day zero samples, it was found that the total bacteria counts ranged from 1.01x10 2 to 4.38 x10 2 CFU/mL for borehole, 0.57x10 2 to 2.13x10 2 CFU/mL for well and 0.54x10 2 to 0.92x10 2 CFU/mL for sachet water. A significant reduction in bacteria load was recorded for all samples from day 2 to day 7 when the water samples were monitored over a period of ten days. The results reveal that water storage for 2-7 days is a viable point-of-use method of household level drinking water disinfection.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013
Using a completely randomized block design, the progression of microbial food spoilage and the mi... more Using a completely randomized block design, the progression of microbial food spoilage and the microbiological and sensory qualities of steamed cowpea paste (moin-moin) seasoned with onion, garlic, nutmeg and cinnamon was investigated. The total plate count was enumerated at approximately four hour intervals using Mueller-Hinton and Sabroaud dextrose agar for bacteria and fungal spoilage organisms respectively. Sensory evaluation was carried out using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results revealed no statistically significant difference in the progression of microbial spoilage. Eight bacterial species were isolated from the treatment samples as follows: Bacillus nealsoni, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B marinus, Salimicrobium halophilum and Micrococcus varians. While 7 (seven) isolated fungi from the treatment samples are Gonatobotrys spp, Alternaria spp, Gymnoascus spp, Acremonium spp, Geotrichum spp, Oidiodendrum spp and Cladosporium spp. Untreated control and samples treated with nutmeg were preserved for the longest period of 23 hours. The present results show that moin-moin would spoil within 24 hours if kept at ambient temperature. The widely accepted reports of in-vitro anti-microbial effect of the spices was not observed in-vivo. Further work is needed on increasing the shelf-life of moin-moin and other similar foods.
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2012
Differences are known to occur in prevalence rates in urinary tract infections (UTI) between men ... more Differences are known to occur in prevalence rates in urinary tract infections (UTI) between men and women due to the difference between the urinary tracts of the sexes. Moreover, different organisms are known to infect and cause bacteriuria in men. When urine samples from 55 apparently healthy male students of Redeemer's University were examined, nine bacteria species including Micrococcus luteus, Viellonella parvula, Micrococcus varians, Streptococcus downei, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,and Enterococcus aquimarinus were isolated from the samples. The two most prevalent organisms reported in this study were Micrococcus luteus (40%) and Micrococcus varians (27.3%). The implication of the high prevalence rates (54.5%) of asymptomatic bacteriuria obtained in this population is discussed.
To investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of the methanol... more To investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract of Mezoneuron benthamianum (M. benthamianum). Method: The anticandidal potential and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were evaluated on fresh isolates of Candida species using disc diffusion method. While the lipophilic free radical scavenging activity was examined using the spectrophotometric assay on the reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and compared with standard antioxidant, 毩-tocopherol. Result: The anticandidal activities of M. benthamianum root and leaf revealed zones of inhibition (ZI) against Candida glabrata as (13.6依1.00) mm and (13.7依1.00) mm respectively while, Candida krusei ZI against root (13.7依1.00) mm and leaf (11.8依0.80) mm as the most significant among other candida species (Candida stellatoidea, Candida albicans and Candida torulopsis). Phytochemicals present in the plant extracts includes saponin, anthracquinones, flavonoids and tannins. The antioxidant potential of the plant was significant and dose dependent at the concentrations tested. The extract has IC 50 values of 781 毺 g/mL while the standard, 毩-tocopherol has 222.3 毺 g/mL. Conclusions: The result from this research suggests that M. benthamianum is a potent anticandida and antioxidant plant and may be a potential anti-candida plant for future prospect in drug development.
Alternative medicine, also called unconventional medicine, is therapeutic practices, techniques, ... more Alternative medicine, also called unconventional medicine, is therapeutic practices, techniques, and beliefs that are outside the realm of mainstream Western healthcare. Antimicrobial activities, minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) and phytochemical tests of Mezoneuron benthamianum, Heliotropium indicum and Flabellaria paniculata ethanolic plant extracts were investigated against characterized Candida albicans, Candida torulopsis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata and Candida stellatoidea isolated from human buccal cavity. The zones of inhibition for the whole plant extract of F. paniculata range from 12.8 ± 0.30 mm against C. krusei to 14.5 ± 0.50 mm observed against C. albicans while that of H. indicum range between 8.6 ± 0.50mm against C. torulopsis to 13.4 ± 0.50 mm observed against C. glabrata, and M. benthamiamun was from 7.8 ± 0.60 mm against C. glabrata to 12.8 ± 0.20 mm against C. krusei. Phytochemical tests revealed saponnins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins in F. paniculata extracts, and M. benthamianum extracts is positive for saponins, anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins. But, H. indicum contained saponins and tannins only. Between 5mg/ml and 8mg/ml was recorded as MIC for Candida species against F. paniculata. M. benthamianum recorded 6-15mg/ml while, H. indicum indicated 6-8mg/ml. The highest zone of inhibition in this study was obtained in F. paniculata followed by H. indicum and M. benthamianum consecutively. The conclusion was that there is the need to further investigate and characterize individual phytochemical compounds in these plants and their anti-candidal effect determined.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2010
The need for a reduction in drug resistance led to the investigation of Argemone Mexicana L. as a... more The need for a reduction in drug resistance led to the investigation of Argemone Mexicana L. as an agent against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida stellatoidea and Candida torulopsis, using well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations methods. The sensitivity of Bacillus Subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oils of both the aerial and root parts were determined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to the essential oil from both the aerial and root part of the plant. C. torulopsis, C. stellatoidea and C. albicans were susceptible to the essential oils from the aerial and root part of the plant. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 3.75mg/ml and 4.0mg/ml were recorded for Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae by the aerial and the root extracts, but P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were not susceptible to the aerial and root extracts. The observed inhibition of selected bacteria and fungi by oils of Physalis angulata makes it a promising antimicrobial agent. This study justifies its uses for treatment of sores, cuts, intestinal and digestive problems and some skin-diseases often reported in folkloric medicine.
Rapid progression in resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic organisms is a serious conc... more Rapid progression in resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic organisms is a serious concern. This study aimed to synthesize fatty amido benzoic acid (FBA) from Citrullus colocynthis seed oil (CCO) and evaluate its safety profile as an alternative bioactive agent for combating drug-resistant pathogens. FBA was synthesised through simple chemical reaction route and examined for its antioxidant activity and antimicrobial capacity against selected drug-resistant microorganisms. Effect of FBA on hepato-renal function makers and oxidative stress was also examined using Wistar rats. Density functional theory (DFT) approach was employed to understand the action of FBA with the aid of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed the most abundant fatty acid in CCO to be C18:2 (55.88%). Results from Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) confirmed the...
Hybrid clay composites were prepared from Kaolinite clay and Carica papaya seeds via modification... more Hybrid clay composites were prepared from Kaolinite clay and Carica papaya seeds via modification with chitosan, Alum, NaOH, and ZnCl 2 in different ratios, using solvothermal and surface modification techniques. Several composite adsorbents were prepared, and the most efficient of them for the removal of gram negative enteric bacteria was the hybrid clay composite that was surface-modified with chitosan, Ch-nHYCA 1:5 (Chitosan: nHYCA = 1:5). This composite adsorbent had a maximum adsorption removal value of 4.07 × 10 6 cfu/mL for V. cholerae after 120 min, 1.95 × 10 6 cfu/mL for E. coli after ∼180 min and 3.25 × 10 6 cfu/mL for S. typhi after 270 min. The Brouers-Sotolongo model was found to better predict the maximum adsorption capacity (q max) of Ch-nHYCA 1:5 composite adsorbent for the removal of E. coli with a q max of 103.07 mg/g (7.93 × 10 7 cfu/
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2014
A measured Escherichia coli level in drinking water is perhaps the most popular means of determin... more A measured Escherichia coli level in drinking water is perhaps the most popular means of determining human health risks globally. Water samples from wells, boreholes and sachet water, the 3 predominant sources of drinking water in the study area were evaluated for the presence of bacteria, particularly E coli. Bacteria isolation was done using standard microbiological procedures while identification of isolates was done using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Enumeration of standard plate count was done by spread plate method on serially diluted water samples. The prevalence of E coli in the water samples and the activities of cefoxitin, fusidic acid, meticillin, penicillin and vancomycin against the E coli isolates and the susceptibility testing data were obtained using Kirby Bauer method. A total of six bacteria species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. The mean bacteria counts ranged between 3.74 x 104 to 1.65 x 102 CFU/ml for well and borehole water and 0.81 to 5.1 x 102 CFU/ml for sachet water samples. Out of the 6 E coli strains representing 27.2% of the isolated bacteria species; two, representing 33.3% of the strains showed moderate to high resistance against meticillin. These findings are expected to motivate public health stakeholders in the study location to attempt reducing the growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, and their ecotoxic effects.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013
The evaluation of the effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means for improving the bacterio... more The evaluation of the effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means for improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water was carried out using a completely randomized block design. Total plate and total coliform counts were enumerated for day 0-10 samples using Nutrient Agar (NA) and multiple tube techniques respectively. Physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried out using standard procedures including titrimetric methods. Ten bacteria species including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundil, Salmonella typhymurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Arizona spp., Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. For day zero samples, it was found that the total bacteria counts ranged from 1.01x10 2 to 4.38 x10 2 CFU/mL for borehole, 0.57x10 2 to 2.13x10 2 CFU/mL for well and 0.54x10 2 to 0.92x10 2 CFU/mL for sachet water. A significant reduction in bacteria load was recorded for all samples from day 2 to day 7 when the water samples were monitored over a period of ten days. The results reveal that water storage for 2-7 days is a viable point-of-use method of household level drinking water disinfection.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2013
Using a completely randomized block design, the progression of microbial food spoilage and the mi... more Using a completely randomized block design, the progression of microbial food spoilage and the microbiological and sensory qualities of steamed cowpea paste (moin-moin) seasoned with onion, garlic, nutmeg and cinnamon was investigated. The total plate count was enumerated at approximately four hour intervals using Mueller-Hinton and Sabroaud dextrose agar for bacteria and fungal spoilage organisms respectively. Sensory evaluation was carried out using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results revealed no statistically significant difference in the progression of microbial spoilage. Eight bacterial species were isolated from the treatment samples as follows: Bacillus nealsoni, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B marinus, Salimicrobium halophilum and Micrococcus varians. While 7 (seven) isolated fungi from the treatment samples are Gonatobotrys spp, Alternaria spp, Gymnoascus spp, Acremonium spp, Geotrichum spp, Oidiodendrum spp and Cladosporium spp. Untreated control and samples treated with nutmeg were preserved for the longest period of 23 hours. The present results show that moin-moin would spoil within 24 hours if kept at ambient temperature. The widely accepted reports of in-vitro anti-microbial effect of the spices was not observed in-vivo. Further work is needed on increasing the shelf-life of moin-moin and other similar foods.
African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2012
Differences are known to occur in prevalence rates in urinary tract infections (UTI) between men ... more Differences are known to occur in prevalence rates in urinary tract infections (UTI) between men and women due to the difference between the urinary tracts of the sexes. Moreover, different organisms are known to infect and cause bacteriuria in men. When urine samples from 55 apparently healthy male students of Redeemer's University were examined, nine bacteria species including Micrococcus luteus, Viellonella parvula, Micrococcus varians, Streptococcus downei, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,and Enterococcus aquimarinus were isolated from the samples. The two most prevalent organisms reported in this study were Micrococcus luteus (40%) and Micrococcus varians (27.3%). The implication of the high prevalence rates (54.5%) of asymptomatic bacteriuria obtained in this population is discussed.
To investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of the methanol... more To investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract of Mezoneuron benthamianum (M. benthamianum). Method: The anticandidal potential and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were evaluated on fresh isolates of Candida species using disc diffusion method. While the lipophilic free radical scavenging activity was examined using the spectrophotometric assay on the reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and compared with standard antioxidant, 毩-tocopherol. Result: The anticandidal activities of M. benthamianum root and leaf revealed zones of inhibition (ZI) against Candida glabrata as (13.6依1.00) mm and (13.7依1.00) mm respectively while, Candida krusei ZI against root (13.7依1.00) mm and leaf (11.8依0.80) mm as the most significant among other candida species (Candida stellatoidea, Candida albicans and Candida torulopsis). Phytochemicals present in the plant extracts includes saponin, anthracquinones, flavonoids and tannins. The antioxidant potential of the plant was significant and dose dependent at the concentrations tested. The extract has IC 50 values of 781 毺 g/mL while the standard, 毩-tocopherol has 222.3 毺 g/mL. Conclusions: The result from this research suggests that M. benthamianum is a potent anticandida and antioxidant plant and may be a potential anti-candida plant for future prospect in drug development.
Alternative medicine, also called unconventional medicine, is therapeutic practices, techniques, ... more Alternative medicine, also called unconventional medicine, is therapeutic practices, techniques, and beliefs that are outside the realm of mainstream Western healthcare. Antimicrobial activities, minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) and phytochemical tests of Mezoneuron benthamianum, Heliotropium indicum and Flabellaria paniculata ethanolic plant extracts were investigated against characterized Candida albicans, Candida torulopsis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata and Candida stellatoidea isolated from human buccal cavity. The zones of inhibition for the whole plant extract of F. paniculata range from 12.8 ± 0.30 mm against C. krusei to 14.5 ± 0.50 mm observed against C. albicans while that of H. indicum range between 8.6 ± 0.50mm against C. torulopsis to 13.4 ± 0.50 mm observed against C. glabrata, and M. benthamiamun was from 7.8 ± 0.60 mm against C. glabrata to 12.8 ± 0.20 mm against C. krusei. Phytochemical tests revealed saponnins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins in F. paniculata extracts, and M. benthamianum extracts is positive for saponins, anthraquinones, flavonoids and tannins. But, H. indicum contained saponins and tannins only. Between 5mg/ml and 8mg/ml was recorded as MIC for Candida species against F. paniculata. M. benthamianum recorded 6-15mg/ml while, H. indicum indicated 6-8mg/ml. The highest zone of inhibition in this study was obtained in F. paniculata followed by H. indicum and M. benthamianum consecutively. The conclusion was that there is the need to further investigate and characterize individual phytochemical compounds in these plants and their anti-candidal effect determined.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2010
The need for a reduction in drug resistance led to the investigation of Argemone Mexicana L. as a... more The need for a reduction in drug resistance led to the investigation of Argemone Mexicana L. as an agent against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida stellatoidea and Candida torulopsis, using well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations methods. The sensitivity of Bacillus Subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oils of both the aerial and root parts were determined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to the essential oil from both the aerial and root part of the plant. C. torulopsis, C. stellatoidea and C. albicans were susceptible to the essential oils from the aerial and root part of the plant. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 3.75mg/ml and 4.0mg/ml were recorded for Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae by the aerial and the root extracts, but P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were not susceptible to the aerial and root extracts. The observed inhibition of selected bacteria and fungi by oils of Physalis angulata makes it a promising antimicrobial agent. This study justifies its uses for treatment of sores, cuts, intestinal and digestive problems and some skin-diseases often reported in folkloric medicine.
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