Bayard Rustin
activista pels drets civils afroamericà
Bayard Rustin (West Chester, 17 de març de 1912 - Manhattan, 24 d'agost de 1987) va ser un activista afroamericà pels drets civils, el socialisme, la noviolència i els drets del col·lectiu gai.[1]
El 1941, Rustin va participar amb Asa Philip Randolph al Moviment de la Marxa sobre Washington per a posar fi a la discriminació racial. Més endavant, va col·laborar amb els Freedom Riders i va ajudar a enfortir el lideratge de Martin Luther King.[2] Rustin va treballar al costat d'Ella Baker i Stanley Levison del Congrés Jueu Americà i, abans del boicot dels autobusos de Montgomery, van organitzar un grup anomenat In Friendship que oferia assistència material i legal a aquells que van ser desallotjats de les seves granges i llars als comtats de Clarendon i Yazoo.[3]
Rustin també va promoure la sindicalització dels afroamericans. Durant les dècades del 1970 i 1980, va col·laborar en missions humanitàries d'ajuda als refugiats de Vietnam i Cambodja. En el moment de la seva mort, el 1987, estava en una missió humanitària a Haití. El 20 de novembre de 2013, el president Barack Obama li va concedir pòstumament la Medalla Presidencial de la Llibertat.[4]
Obra publicada
modifica- Interracial primer, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, 1943
- Interracial workshop: progress report, New York: Sponsored by Congress of Racial Equality and Fellowship of Reconciliation, 1947
- Journey of reconciliation: report, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, Congress of Racial Equality, 1947
- We challenged Jim Crow! a report on the journey of reconciliation, April 9–23, 1947, New York: Fellowship of Reconciliation, Congress of Racial Equality, 1947
- "In apprehension how like a god!", Philadelphia: Young Friends Movement 1948
- The revolution in the South", Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peace Education Section, American Friends Service Committee, 1950s
- Report on Montgomery, Alabama New York: War Resisters League, 1956
- A report and action suggestions on non-violence in the South New York: War Resisters League, 1957
- Civil rights: the true frontier, New York: Donald Press, 1963
- From protest to politics: the future of the civil rights movement, New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1965
- The city in crisis, (introduction) New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1965
- "Black power" and coalition politics, New York, American Jewish Committee 1966
- Which way? (amb Daniel Patrick Moynihan), New York: American Press, 1966
- The Watts "Manifesto" & the McCone report., New York, League for Industrial Democracy 1966
- Fear, frustration, backlash: the new crisis in civil rights, New York, Jewish Labor Committee 1966
- The lessons of the long hot summer, New York, American Jewish Committee 1967
- The Negro community: frustration politics, sociology and economics Detroit: UAW Citizenship-Legislative Department, 1967
- A way out of the exploding ghetto, New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1967
- The alienated: the young rebels today and why they're different, Washington, D.C.: International Labor Press Association, 1967
- "Right to work" laws: a trap for America's minorities. New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute 1967
- Civil rights: the movement re-examined (contributor), New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1967
- Separatism or integration, which way for America?: a dialogue (with Robert Browne), New York, A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1968
- The Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, an analysis, New York, American Jewish Committee 1968
- The labor-Negro coalition, a new beginning, Washington? D.C.: American Federationist?, 1968
- The anatomy of frustration, New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1968
- Morals concerning minorities, mental health and identity, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1969
- Black studies: myths & realities, (contributor) New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1969
- Conflict or coalition?: the civil rights struggle and the trade union movement today, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1969
- Three essays, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1969
- Black rage, White fear: the full employment answer: an address, Washington, D.C.: Bricklayers, Masons & Plasterers International Union 1970
- A word to black students, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1970
- The failure of black separatism, New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1970
- The blacks and the unions (contributor), New York: A. Philip Randolph Educational Fund, 1971
- Down the line; the collected writings of Bayard Rustin, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971
- Affirmative action in an economy of scarcity (with Norman Hill), New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1974
- Seniority and racial progress (amb Norman Hill), New York: A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1975
- Have we reached the end of the second reconstruction?, Bloomington, Indiana: The Poynter Center, 1976
- Strategies for freedom: the changing patterns of Black protest, Nova York: Columbia University Press 1976
- Africa, Soviet imperialism and the retreat of American power, New York: Social Democrats, USA (reprint), 1978
- South Africa: is peaceful change possible? a report (contributor), New York: New York Friends Group, 1984
- Time on two crosses: the collected writings of Bayard Rustin, San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2003
- I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters: City Lights, 2012
Referències
modifica- ↑ Morgan, Thad. «Why MLK's Right-Hand Man Was Nearly Written Out of History» (en anglès). HISTORY. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2020].
- ↑ «Bayard Rustin». National Park Service. [Consulta: 27 juny 2016].
- ↑ «Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South». docsouth.unc.edu. [Consulta: 9 febrer 2020].
- ↑ Justin Snow. «Obama honors Bayard Rustin and Sally Ride with Medal of Freedom». metroweekly.com, 20-11-2013. [Consulta: 21 novembre 2013].
Bibliografia
modifica- Anderson, Jervis. Bayard Rustin: Troubles I've Seen (Nova York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997).
- Bennett, Scott H. Radical Pacifism: The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America, 1915–1963 (Syracuse Univ. Premsa, 2003) ISBN 0-8156-3028-X
- Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63 (Nova York: Touchstone, 1989).
- Carbado, Devon W. i Donald Weise, editors. Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2003) ISBN 1-57344-174-0
- D'Emilio, Joan. Lost Prophet: Bayard Rustin and the Quest for Peace and Justice in America (Nova York: The Free Press, 2003).
- D'Emilio, Joan. Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004) ISBN 0-226-14269-8
- Frazier, Nishani (2017). Harambee City: Congrés d'Igualtat Racial a Cleveland i l'ascens del populisme del poder negre. Premsa de la Universitat d'Arkansas ISBN 1682260186
- Haskins, James. Bayard Rustin: darrere de les escenes del moviment pels drets civils (Nova York: Hyperion, 1997).
- Hirschfelder, Nicole. L'opressió com a procés: el cas de Bayard Rustin (Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2014) ISBN 3825363902
- Kates, Nancy i Bennett Singer (dirs.) Brother Outsider: La vida de Bayard Rustin (2003)
- King, Martin Luther Jr.; Carson, Clayborne; Luker, Ralph i Penny A. Russell The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume IV: Symbol of the Movement, gener de 1957 – desembre 1958. University of California Press, 2000 ISBN 0-520-22231-8
- Le Blanc, Paul i Michael Yates, A Freedom Budget for All Americans: Recapturing the Promise of the Civil Rights Movement in the Struggle for Economic Justice Today (Nova York: Monthly Review Press, 2013).
- Podair, Jerald E. "Bayard Rustin: American Dreamer" (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Pub., 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-4513-7
- Lewis, David L. King: una biografia . (Premsa de la Universitat d'Illinois, 1978) ISBN 0-252-00680-1
- Rustin, Bayard. Down the Line: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971).