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Diego Sali

Bruker, Optics, Sales manager

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Papers by Diego Sali

Special-Effect and Conventional Pigments in Black Light Art: A Multi-Technique Approach to an In-Situ Investigation

Materials

Since their introduction in the early decades of the 20th century, fluorescent pigments have foun... more Since their introduction in the early decades of the 20th century, fluorescent pigments have found progressively wider applications in several fields. Their chemical composition has been optimized to obtain the best physical properties, but is not usually disclosed by the manufacturers. Even the other class of luminescent pigments, namely the phosphorescent ones, is now produced industrially. The peculiar optical properties of these pigments have attracted more and more the attention of famous artists since the middle of the last century. The Italian Black Light Art movement exploits the possibility of conveying different aesthetical messages depending on the kind of radiation (UV or visible) with which the artwork is illuminated. In the present work, a non-invasive in-situ investigation based on Raman, fluorescence, and visible-reflectance spectroscopies was performed on a series of Black Light Art paintings exhibited in Milan (Italy) in 2017, succeeding in the identification of th...

彩色された表面のin situ化学調査のための革新的なツールとしての携帯型Sequentially Shifted Excitation Raman分光法

Analyst, 2016

Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: from micro- to non-invasive FT-IR

Physical Sciences Reviews, 2019

The relevance of FT-IR spectroscopy in heritage science has experienced a constant grow in the la... more The relevance of FT-IR spectroscopy in heritage science has experienced a constant grow in the last two decades owing to analytical peculiarities that make it an extremely useful tool to answer the questions posed by the study and conservation of art-historical and archaeological materials. High versatility, sensitivity and molecular specificity are, in fact, all requirements that FT-IR spectroscopy fulfils allowing for the investigation of the chemical properties of heritage materials spanning from the micro- to the macro-scale and offering a variety of approaches to minimize sample manipulation and maximize extracted information. Molecular identification and localisation at high lateral resolution of organic and inorganic components in micro-samples was, over recently, the mostly exploited use of FT-IR in heritage science; however, benefiting from technological progress and advances in optical materials and components achieved in the last decade, it now stands out also for non-inv...

Fast infrared detectors for beam diagnostics with synchrotron radiation

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007

Compact uncooled HgCdTe semiconductor detectors optimized in the mid-IR range have been used to r... more Compact uncooled HgCdTe semiconductor detectors optimized in the mid-IR range have been used to record time resolved single bunch synchrotron radiation (SR) emissions from the DAΦNE electron ring [1]. These IR devices allow a low cost bunch-by-bunch longitudinal diagnostics. Indeed, these detectors make possible to record a train of a few ns long bunches per turn. To the purpose of diagnostic a comparison with the light signals coming from the positron ring appears stimulating but at DAΦNE only two SR beamlines are operational on the electron ring. The lack of apertures in the shielding wall offers no easy alternatives for the emission from the e + ring. To solve the problem, a compact SR port has been designed and is going to be implemented at DAΦNE where a HV chamber and remotely controlled mirrors will focus the positron light on IR detectors. The source characteristics have been simulated and the optical setup with the complete acquisition system will be described. After the installation and tests, a real time comparison between data collected with the two beams will be possible improving accelerator diagnostics and as a major tool to increase the stored currents in the e + ring and possibly the collider luminosity.

Experimental ATR device for real-time FTIR imaging of living cells using brilliant synchrotron radiation sources

Biotechnology Advances, 2013

In this contribution we present the design of an original Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-based... more In this contribution we present the design of an original Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-based device designed for an IR microscope coupled to a FPA detector and optimized for in-vivo cell imaging. The optical element has been designed to perform real time experiments of cell biochemical processes. The device includes a manually removable Ge-crystal that guarantees an ease manipulation during the cell culture and a large flat surface to support the cell growth and the required change of the culture wells. This layout will allow performing sequential ATR IR imaging with the crystal immersed in the culture wells, minimizing contributions due to water vapors in the optical system. Using existing brilliant synchrotron radiation sources this ATR device may collect images at the surface of the Ge crystal at a sub-cellular spatial resolution with a penetration depth of the evanescent wave inside the sample of~500 nm within few seconds. A brief summary of the cellular components that should be detected with such optical device is also presented.

The Vallerano Diamond from Ancient Rome:L A Scientific Study

Gems & Gemology, Feb 1, 2012

Handheld new technology Raman and portable FT-IR spectrometers as complementary tools for the in situ identification of organic materials in modern art

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2017

Handheld new technology Raman and portable FT-IR spectrometers as complementary tools for the in ... more

Settembre 2005 DETECTION OF THE SR INFRARED EMISSION OF THE ELECTRON BUNCHES AT DA Φ NE

The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-... more The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-ray energies, with an accurate sub-nanosecond time structure determined by the temporal and the physical structure of the stored electron bunches. With proper detectors, the synchrotron radiation emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments with very high time and spatial resolution but also to investigate the physical structure of the bunches. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission of DAΦNE in the midIR domain with a resolution time of few ns. Experiments have been performed using the SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of the DAΦNE collider. With a small uncooled infrared detector optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we observed the gap between individual bunches separated by about 8 ns, a time equivalent to a frequency of 125 MHz.

Settembre 2005 DETECTION OF THE SR INFRARED EMISSION OF THE ELECTRON BUNCHES AT DA Φ NE

The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-... more The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-ray energies, with an accurate sub-nanosecond time structure determined by the temporal and the physical structure of the stored electron bunches. With proper detectors, the synchrotron radiation emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments with very high time and spatial resolution but also to investigate the physical structure of the bunches. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission of DAΦNE in the midIR domain with a resolution time of few ns. Experiments have been performed using the SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of the DAΦNE collider. With a small uncooled infrared detector optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we observed the gap between individual bunches separated by about 8 ns, a time equivalent to a frequency of 125 MHz.

6. Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: frommicro- to non-invasive FT-IR

Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage, 2020

6. Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: frommicro- to non-invasive FT-IR

Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage, 2020

Via Oberdan 22, 91025 Marsala (TP), (Italy) 5 Restorer, Via Tenente Morici 22, 90039 Villabate (PA), (Italy) 6 Settore Restauri Architettonici

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3-dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Via Oberdan 22, 91025 Marsala (TP), (Italy) 5 Restorer, Via Tenente Morici 22, 90039 Villabate (PA), (Italy) 6 Settore Restauri Architettonici

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3-dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Detection of Pulsed Synchrotron Radiation Emission with Uncooled Infrared Detectors

The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain f... more The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to X-ray energies, with a time structure determined by the length and shape of the stored bunches. With suitable infrared detectors, the pulsed emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments at high time and spatial resolution. However, fast infrared detectors can be also applied to investigate the physical structure of the stored particles. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission at DAΦNE using detectors optimized in the mid-IR domain with a sub-ns time resolution. Experiments have been performed using the infrared SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of the 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of this e+-e- collider. With both uncooled photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared detectors optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we resolved the infrared temporal emission of the electron bunches structure at DAΦNE chara...

Detection of Pulsed Synchrotron Radiation Emission with Uncooled Infrared Detectors

The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain f... more The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to X-ray energies, with a time structure determined by the length and shape of the stored bunches. With suitable infrared detectors, the pulsed emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments at high time and spatial resolution. However, fast infrared detectors can be also applied to investigate the physical structure of the stored particles. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission at DAΦNE using detectors optimized in the mid-IR domain with a sub-ns time resolution. Experiments have been performed using the infrared SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of the 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of this e+-e- collider. With both uncooled photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared detectors optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we resolved the infrared temporal emission of the electron bunches structure at DAΦNE chara...

Investigation on a low environmental impact solvent mixture applied to a wooden painted slab

International Journal of Conservation Science, 2016

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Investigation on a low environmental impact solvent mixture applied to a wooden painted slab

International Journal of Conservation Science, 2016

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Identification , characterization and regional localization of extra virgin olive oils from Olea europaea via Raman Spectrometry and Discriminant Analysis

In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted f... more In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted from the whole fruit (pulp and stone) of the olive tree (Olea europeae). Extra virgin olive oil stands for highest quality and is declared as olive oil produced only by cold mechanical extraction with a maximum temperature of 27 °C for the pressing procedure. This high level of quality can be determined by the following parameters: Free fatty acids (defined as the amount of oleic acid) not exceeding a value of 0,8 %, and peroxide value (an indicator of freshness) having a value below 20 mEq/kg. [1] Olive oil is produced in countries all over the world, but the main producers are Spain, Italy and Greece. To enable retracing of an oil´s geographical origin, special certificates were introduced, like Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). These are specific for particular production areas. Because of the existence of such certificates, it is interesting to have a scientific correlation between the product, the olive oil, and its geographical origin. One possibility is to analyze the chemical composition, which is influenced on the one hand by climatic conditions, and on the other hand by geo-botanical variations and other environmental parameters. [2] Some research approaches have used Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to differ between PDO regions within Spain by determining patterns of trace elements [3] or have tried to develop a cluster of physicochemical quality indices and chemical components to describe the typicality of the oils from a single growing region. [4] Furthermore, Raman spectrometry has been used for geographical profiling by analyzing the fatty acid composition. [5] The aim of our study was to determine origin-specific patterns of the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oils from three different European countries by Raman spectrometry, thus analyzing extra virgin olive oils from Spain, Italy and Greece of one harvest year. Raman spectra were collected with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. By chemometric treatment (linear discriminant analysis based on a principal component analysis) of the spectral data, country-specific clusters were generated to create a model for prediction of the geographical origin. By this prediction model 89,47 % of olive oils within a training data set could be correctly classified. The excitation wavelength of 532 nm generates Raman spectra containing additional information (additional peaks belonging to carotenoids [6-7]) compared to ones generated by an excitation wavelength of 780 nm, which could have a positive impact on the high success rate. Sanchéz-Lopéz et al. developed a trustworthy prediction model for the geographical origin of Andalusian extra virgin olive oils by analyzing the fatty acid composition via Raman spectrometry and obtained a success rate of 89 % correct classification. [5] A success rate of 89,47 % correct transnational prediction of extra virgin olive oil, gained during our study, shows the promising potential of Raman spectrometry in transnational geographical fingerprinting of extra virgin olive oils, not only for specification within a single country.

Identification , characterization and regional localization of extra virgin olive oils from Olea europaea via Raman Spectrometry and Discriminant Analysis

In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted f... more In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted from the whole fruit (pulp and stone) of the olive tree (Olea europeae). Extra virgin olive oil stands for highest quality and is declared as olive oil produced only by cold mechanical extraction with a maximum temperature of 27 °C for the pressing procedure. This high level of quality can be determined by the following parameters: Free fatty acids (defined as the amount of oleic acid) not exceeding a value of 0,8 %, and peroxide value (an indicator of freshness) having a value below 20 mEq/kg. [1] Olive oil is produced in countries all over the world, but the main producers are Spain, Italy and Greece. To enable retracing of an oil´s geographical origin, special certificates were introduced, like Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). These are specific for particular production areas. Because of the existence of such certificates, it is interesting to have a scientific correlation between the product, the olive oil, and its geographical origin. One possibility is to analyze the chemical composition, which is influenced on the one hand by climatic conditions, and on the other hand by geo-botanical variations and other environmental parameters. [2] Some research approaches have used Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to differ between PDO regions within Spain by determining patterns of trace elements [3] or have tried to develop a cluster of physicochemical quality indices and chemical components to describe the typicality of the oils from a single growing region. [4] Furthermore, Raman spectrometry has been used for geographical profiling by analyzing the fatty acid composition. [5] The aim of our study was to determine origin-specific patterns of the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oils from three different European countries by Raman spectrometry, thus analyzing extra virgin olive oils from Spain, Italy and Greece of one harvest year. Raman spectra were collected with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. By chemometric treatment (linear discriminant analysis based on a principal component analysis) of the spectral data, country-specific clusters were generated to create a model for prediction of the geographical origin. By this prediction model 89,47 % of olive oils within a training data set could be correctly classified. The excitation wavelength of 532 nm generates Raman spectra containing additional information (additional peaks belonging to carotenoids [6-7]) compared to ones generated by an excitation wavelength of 780 nm, which could have a positive impact on the high success rate. Sanchéz-Lopéz et al. developed a trustworthy prediction model for the geographical origin of Andalusian extra virgin olive oils by analyzing the fatty acid composition via Raman spectrometry and obtained a success rate of 89 % correct classification. [5] A success rate of 89,47 % correct transnational prediction of extra virgin olive oil, gained during our study, shows the promising potential of Raman spectrometry in transnational geographical fingerprinting of extra virgin olive oils, not only for specification within a single country.

Design and validation of a novel operando spectroscopy reaction chamber for chemoresistive gas sensors

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021

Abstract This work deals with the experimentation of a new ambient chamber for the use in diffuse... more Abstract This work deals with the experimentation of a new ambient chamber for the use in diffuse reflectance Fourier infrared spectroscopy studies on chemoresistive gas sensors in operando condition. This system can support the investigation of gas-solid phase reactions at the sensor's surface during its operation, providing a reliable characterization tool that can be easily reproduced, implemented and adapted for several types of gas sensing devices. A deepened investigation was carried out: design of the chamber and the coupled acquisition system with temperature and humidity monitoring, 3D modelling, fluid dynamics study via residence time distribution analysis, and temperature gradient evaluation. Then, the system was validated in the case of a SnO2 sensor exposed to hydrogen gas flow. The new developed low void-volume gas sensing system is easy to machine, to use, to maintain, and it can be employed with solid-state gas sensors with an active area of 1 mm2 and operating temperatures up to 650°C. In order to improve and facilitate the spectra acquisition, the system is equipped with precision staging and alignment, and it is fully compatible with Harrick Scientific's diffuse reflectance accessory.

Special-Effect and Conventional Pigments in Black Light Art: A Multi-Technique Approach to an In-Situ Investigation

Materials

Since their introduction in the early decades of the 20th century, fluorescent pigments have foun... more Since their introduction in the early decades of the 20th century, fluorescent pigments have found progressively wider applications in several fields. Their chemical composition has been optimized to obtain the best physical properties, but is not usually disclosed by the manufacturers. Even the other class of luminescent pigments, namely the phosphorescent ones, is now produced industrially. The peculiar optical properties of these pigments have attracted more and more the attention of famous artists since the middle of the last century. The Italian Black Light Art movement exploits the possibility of conveying different aesthetical messages depending on the kind of radiation (UV or visible) with which the artwork is illuminated. In the present work, a non-invasive in-situ investigation based on Raman, fluorescence, and visible-reflectance spectroscopies was performed on a series of Black Light Art paintings exhibited in Milan (Italy) in 2017, succeeding in the identification of th...

彩色された表面のin situ化学調査のための革新的なツールとしての携帯型Sequentially Shifted Excitation Raman分光法

Analyst, 2016

Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: from micro- to non-invasive FT-IR

Physical Sciences Reviews, 2019

The relevance of FT-IR spectroscopy in heritage science has experienced a constant grow in the la... more The relevance of FT-IR spectroscopy in heritage science has experienced a constant grow in the last two decades owing to analytical peculiarities that make it an extremely useful tool to answer the questions posed by the study and conservation of art-historical and archaeological materials. High versatility, sensitivity and molecular specificity are, in fact, all requirements that FT-IR spectroscopy fulfils allowing for the investigation of the chemical properties of heritage materials spanning from the micro- to the macro-scale and offering a variety of approaches to minimize sample manipulation and maximize extracted information. Molecular identification and localisation at high lateral resolution of organic and inorganic components in micro-samples was, over recently, the mostly exploited use of FT-IR in heritage science; however, benefiting from technological progress and advances in optical materials and components achieved in the last decade, it now stands out also for non-inv...

Fast infrared detectors for beam diagnostics with synchrotron radiation

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007

Compact uncooled HgCdTe semiconductor detectors optimized in the mid-IR range have been used to r... more Compact uncooled HgCdTe semiconductor detectors optimized in the mid-IR range have been used to record time resolved single bunch synchrotron radiation (SR) emissions from the DAΦNE electron ring [1]. These IR devices allow a low cost bunch-by-bunch longitudinal diagnostics. Indeed, these detectors make possible to record a train of a few ns long bunches per turn. To the purpose of diagnostic a comparison with the light signals coming from the positron ring appears stimulating but at DAΦNE only two SR beamlines are operational on the electron ring. The lack of apertures in the shielding wall offers no easy alternatives for the emission from the e + ring. To solve the problem, a compact SR port has been designed and is going to be implemented at DAΦNE where a HV chamber and remotely controlled mirrors will focus the positron light on IR detectors. The source characteristics have been simulated and the optical setup with the complete acquisition system will be described. After the installation and tests, a real time comparison between data collected with the two beams will be possible improving accelerator diagnostics and as a major tool to increase the stored currents in the e + ring and possibly the collider luminosity.

Experimental ATR device for real-time FTIR imaging of living cells using brilliant synchrotron radiation sources

Biotechnology Advances, 2013

In this contribution we present the design of an original Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-based... more In this contribution we present the design of an original Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-based device designed for an IR microscope coupled to a FPA detector and optimized for in-vivo cell imaging. The optical element has been designed to perform real time experiments of cell biochemical processes. The device includes a manually removable Ge-crystal that guarantees an ease manipulation during the cell culture and a large flat surface to support the cell growth and the required change of the culture wells. This layout will allow performing sequential ATR IR imaging with the crystal immersed in the culture wells, minimizing contributions due to water vapors in the optical system. Using existing brilliant synchrotron radiation sources this ATR device may collect images at the surface of the Ge crystal at a sub-cellular spatial resolution with a penetration depth of the evanescent wave inside the sample of~500 nm within few seconds. A brief summary of the cellular components that should be detected with such optical device is also presented.

The Vallerano Diamond from Ancient Rome:L A Scientific Study

Gems & Gemology, Feb 1, 2012

Handheld new technology Raman and portable FT-IR spectrometers as complementary tools for the in situ identification of organic materials in modern art

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2017

Handheld new technology Raman and portable FT-IR spectrometers as complementary tools for the in ... more

Settembre 2005 DETECTION OF THE SR INFRARED EMISSION OF THE ELECTRON BUNCHES AT DA Φ NE

The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-... more The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-ray energies, with an accurate sub-nanosecond time structure determined by the temporal and the physical structure of the stored electron bunches. With proper detectors, the synchrotron radiation emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments with very high time and spatial resolution but also to investigate the physical structure of the bunches. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission of DAΦNE in the midIR domain with a resolution time of few ns. Experiments have been performed using the SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of the DAΦNE collider. With a small uncooled infrared detector optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we observed the gap between individual bunches separated by about 8 ns, a time equivalent to a frequency of 125 MHz.

Settembre 2005 DETECTION OF THE SR INFRARED EMISSION OF THE ELECTRON BUNCHES AT DA Φ NE

The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-... more The synchrotron light emission is a radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to x-ray energies, with an accurate sub-nanosecond time structure determined by the temporal and the physical structure of the stored electron bunches. With proper detectors, the synchrotron radiation emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments with very high time and spatial resolution but also to investigate the physical structure of the bunches. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission of DAΦNE in the midIR domain with a resolution time of few ns. Experiments have been performed using the SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of the DAΦNE collider. With a small uncooled infrared detector optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we observed the gap between individual bunches separated by about 8 ns, a time equivalent to a frequency of 125 MHz.

6. Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: frommicro- to non-invasive FT-IR

Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage, 2020

6. Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: frommicro- to non-invasive FT-IR

Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage, 2020

Via Oberdan 22, 91025 Marsala (TP), (Italy) 5 Restorer, Via Tenente Morici 22, 90039 Villabate (PA), (Italy) 6 Settore Restauri Architettonici

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3-dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Via Oberdan 22, 91025 Marsala (TP), (Italy) 5 Restorer, Via Tenente Morici 22, 90039 Villabate (PA), (Italy) 6 Settore Restauri Architettonici

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3-dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Detection of Pulsed Synchrotron Radiation Emission with Uncooled Infrared Detectors

The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain f... more The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to X-ray energies, with a time structure determined by the length and shape of the stored bunches. With suitable infrared detectors, the pulsed emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments at high time and spatial resolution. However, fast infrared detectors can be also applied to investigate the physical structure of the stored particles. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission at DAΦNE using detectors optimized in the mid-IR domain with a sub-ns time resolution. Experiments have been performed using the infrared SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of the 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of this e+-e- collider. With both uncooled photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared detectors optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we resolved the infrared temporal emission of the electron bunches structure at DAΦNE chara...

Detection of Pulsed Synchrotron Radiation Emission with Uncooled Infrared Detectors

The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain f... more The synchrotron light emission is a non-thermal radiation source covering a large energy domain from IR to X-ray energies, with a time structure determined by the length and shape of the stored bunches. With suitable infrared detectors, the pulsed emission can be used to perform spectroscopic experiments at high time and spatial resolution. However, fast infrared detectors can be also applied to investigate the physical structure of the stored particles. We present here the first characterization of the synchrotron light emission at DAΦNE using detectors optimized in the mid-IR domain with a sub-ns time resolution. Experiments have been performed using the infrared SINBAD beamline, characterizing the emission of the 105 bunches stored in the electron ring of this e+-e- collider. With both uncooled photoconductive and photovoltaic infrared detectors optimized to work at a wavelength of 10.6 μm we resolved the infrared temporal emission of the electron bunches structure at DAΦNE chara...

Investigation on a low environmental impact solvent mixture applied to a wooden painted slab

International Journal of Conservation Science, 2016

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Investigation on a low environmental impact solvent mixture applied to a wooden painted slab

International Journal of Conservation Science, 2016

Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the ... more Cleaning is one of the most complex and delicate step in a restoration project, often due to the manufacturing techniques of the artifacts and their advanced state of decay. Eco-friendly solvents can permit to execute the cleaning operations with a reduced health impact for the restorers and for the environment. In this work, the performance of the 1,3dioxolane/methylal (DIOX-MET) solvent mixture is evaluated over a wooden painted slab that had been covered with a thin layer of a protective varnish, probably during a previous conservation work performed in the Sixties. Removal of this varnish has been considered on behalf of its yellowing degradation process, which caused chromatic changes over the pictorial layer. The study was performed by comparing DIOX-MET performance to that of a traditional solvent mixture. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was followed in situ by using a portable FT-IR total reflectance spectrometer.

Identification , characterization and regional localization of extra virgin olive oils from Olea europaea via Raman Spectrometry and Discriminant Analysis

In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted f... more In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted from the whole fruit (pulp and stone) of the olive tree (Olea europeae). Extra virgin olive oil stands for highest quality and is declared as olive oil produced only by cold mechanical extraction with a maximum temperature of 27 °C for the pressing procedure. This high level of quality can be determined by the following parameters: Free fatty acids (defined as the amount of oleic acid) not exceeding a value of 0,8 %, and peroxide value (an indicator of freshness) having a value below 20 mEq/kg. [1] Olive oil is produced in countries all over the world, but the main producers are Spain, Italy and Greece. To enable retracing of an oil´s geographical origin, special certificates were introduced, like Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). These are specific for particular production areas. Because of the existence of such certificates, it is interesting to have a scientific correlation between the product, the olive oil, and its geographical origin. One possibility is to analyze the chemical composition, which is influenced on the one hand by climatic conditions, and on the other hand by geo-botanical variations and other environmental parameters. [2] Some research approaches have used Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to differ between PDO regions within Spain by determining patterns of trace elements [3] or have tried to develop a cluster of physicochemical quality indices and chemical components to describe the typicality of the oils from a single growing region. [4] Furthermore, Raman spectrometry has been used for geographical profiling by analyzing the fatty acid composition. [5] The aim of our study was to determine origin-specific patterns of the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oils from three different European countries by Raman spectrometry, thus analyzing extra virgin olive oils from Spain, Italy and Greece of one harvest year. Raman spectra were collected with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. By chemometric treatment (linear discriminant analysis based on a principal component analysis) of the spectral data, country-specific clusters were generated to create a model for prediction of the geographical origin. By this prediction model 89,47 % of olive oils within a training data set could be correctly classified. The excitation wavelength of 532 nm generates Raman spectra containing additional information (additional peaks belonging to carotenoids [6-7]) compared to ones generated by an excitation wavelength of 780 nm, which could have a positive impact on the high success rate. Sanchéz-Lopéz et al. developed a trustworthy prediction model for the geographical origin of Andalusian extra virgin olive oils by analyzing the fatty acid composition via Raman spectrometry and obtained a success rate of 89 % correct classification. [5] A success rate of 89,47 % correct transnational prediction of extra virgin olive oil, gained during our study, shows the promising potential of Raman spectrometry in transnational geographical fingerprinting of extra virgin olive oils, not only for specification within a single country.

Identification , characterization and regional localization of extra virgin olive oils from Olea europaea via Raman Spectrometry and Discriminant Analysis

In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted f... more In the Mediterranean region olive oil is one of the most important edible oils. It is extracted from the whole fruit (pulp and stone) of the olive tree (Olea europeae). Extra virgin olive oil stands for highest quality and is declared as olive oil produced only by cold mechanical extraction with a maximum temperature of 27 °C for the pressing procedure. This high level of quality can be determined by the following parameters: Free fatty acids (defined as the amount of oleic acid) not exceeding a value of 0,8 %, and peroxide value (an indicator of freshness) having a value below 20 mEq/kg. [1] Olive oil is produced in countries all over the world, but the main producers are Spain, Italy and Greece. To enable retracing of an oil´s geographical origin, special certificates were introduced, like Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). These are specific for particular production areas. Because of the existence of such certificates, it is interesting to have a scientific correlation between the product, the olive oil, and its geographical origin. One possibility is to analyze the chemical composition, which is influenced on the one hand by climatic conditions, and on the other hand by geo-botanical variations and other environmental parameters. [2] Some research approaches have used Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to differ between PDO regions within Spain by determining patterns of trace elements [3] or have tried to develop a cluster of physicochemical quality indices and chemical components to describe the typicality of the oils from a single growing region. [4] Furthermore, Raman spectrometry has been used for geographical profiling by analyzing the fatty acid composition. [5] The aim of our study was to determine origin-specific patterns of the chemical composition of extra virgin olive oils from three different European countries by Raman spectrometry, thus analyzing extra virgin olive oils from Spain, Italy and Greece of one harvest year. Raman spectra were collected with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. By chemometric treatment (linear discriminant analysis based on a principal component analysis) of the spectral data, country-specific clusters were generated to create a model for prediction of the geographical origin. By this prediction model 89,47 % of olive oils within a training data set could be correctly classified. The excitation wavelength of 532 nm generates Raman spectra containing additional information (additional peaks belonging to carotenoids [6-7]) compared to ones generated by an excitation wavelength of 780 nm, which could have a positive impact on the high success rate. Sanchéz-Lopéz et al. developed a trustworthy prediction model for the geographical origin of Andalusian extra virgin olive oils by analyzing the fatty acid composition via Raman spectrometry and obtained a success rate of 89 % correct classification. [5] A success rate of 89,47 % correct transnational prediction of extra virgin olive oil, gained during our study, shows the promising potential of Raman spectrometry in transnational geographical fingerprinting of extra virgin olive oils, not only for specification within a single country.

Design and validation of a novel operando spectroscopy reaction chamber for chemoresistive gas sensors

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021

Abstract This work deals with the experimentation of a new ambient chamber for the use in diffuse... more Abstract This work deals with the experimentation of a new ambient chamber for the use in diffuse reflectance Fourier infrared spectroscopy studies on chemoresistive gas sensors in operando condition. This system can support the investigation of gas-solid phase reactions at the sensor's surface during its operation, providing a reliable characterization tool that can be easily reproduced, implemented and adapted for several types of gas sensing devices. A deepened investigation was carried out: design of the chamber and the coupled acquisition system with temperature and humidity monitoring, 3D modelling, fluid dynamics study via residence time distribution analysis, and temperature gradient evaluation. Then, the system was validated in the case of a SnO2 sensor exposed to hydrogen gas flow. The new developed low void-volume gas sensing system is easy to machine, to use, to maintain, and it can be employed with solid-state gas sensors with an active area of 1 mm2 and operating temperatures up to 650°C. In order to improve and facilitate the spectra acquisition, the system is equipped with precision staging and alignment, and it is fully compatible with Harrick Scientific's diffuse reflectance accessory.