2009 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, 2009
Automated debugging is becoming increasingly important as the size and complexity of software inc... more Automated debugging is becoming increasingly important as the size and complexity of software increases. This paper makes a case for using constraint-based data structure repair, a recently developed technique for fault recovery, as a basis for automated debugging. Data structure repair uses given structural integrity constraints for key data structures to monitor their correctness during the execution of a program. If a constraint violation is detected, repair performs mutations on the data structures, i.e., corrupt program state, and transforms it into another state, which satisfies the desired constraints. The primary goal of data structure repair is to transform an erroneous state into an acceptable state. Therefore, the mutations performed by repair actions provide a basis of debugging faults in code (assuming the errors are due to bugs). A key challenge to embodying this insight into a mechanical technique arises due to the difference in the concrete level of the program states and the abstract level of the program code: repair actions apply to concrete data structures that exist at runtime, whereas debugging applies to code. We observe that static structures (program variables) hold handles to dynamic structures (heap-allocated data), which allows bridging the gap between the abstract and concrete levels. We envision a tool-chain where a data structure repair tool generates repair logs that are used by a fault localization tool and a repair abstraction tool that apply in synergy to not only identify the location of fault(s) in code but also to synthesize debugging suggestions. An embodiment of our vision can significantly reduce the cost of developing reliable software.
Two of the regular insect pests, Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipahis eyrsimi attack on the Brassica... more Two of the regular insect pests, Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipahis eyrsimi attack on the Brassica campestris varieties throughout the growing season at Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Effect of these aphid species were examined on photosynthesis Brassica campestris cultivars, B. campestris A, Toria selection A, B. campestris PARC and B. campestris local under three different insecticide treatments, under RCBD design following split plot experiment in 2012. Populations of both the aphid species imposed their attack up to the mid of March in unsprayed and one spray treated plots respectively. Aphid herbivory caused significant reduction in photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Aphid free and single application of insecticide at peak flowering stage resulted in significant increase in photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. The necessary practice of insecticide should be performed at the critical stage (peak flowering) of plant to optimize the photosynthesis losses and...
Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death ... more Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death is very rare except in disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. We present what we believe is the first case of bone marrow infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in an HIV negative patient. Bone marrow examination revealed presence of numerous acid fast bacilli which were confirmed as Mycobacterium fortuitum on culture and by molecular analysis. Patient was managed successfully with amikacin and ciprofloxacin.
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, including Morgagni s hernia, usually present in early childhood... more Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, including Morgagni s hernia, usually present in early childhood and are treated by surgical repair. This case report is about an unusual Morgagni s hernia, presenting with dyspepsia and chest pain, at the age of 45 years. For many years the diagnosis remained a dilemma because patient s chest x-ray was not done and she was treated for "angina " and "dyspepsia". Diagnosis was obvious once a chest x-ray was done, however, barium studies were performed for further confirmation.
Mass Communicator: International Journal of Communication Studies, 2014
The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of comm... more The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of communication to such an extent that communicating today has become literally real time. Dissemination of information or news is now instantaneous and almost informal, transferred as and when it happens by the millions of users of these social networks. The emerging trend does not stop as dissemination of news and information only but has found extension in people keeping in touch with each other as more and more people are adopting it as powerful means of remaining connected and in constant touch with their friends and family. Blogging, micro blogging and video chat are the least popular forms of communications. The SMS habit of teenagers shows the compulsive type of behavior of text messaging which reveals the rudimentary seeds of full blown obsession in their behavior. These facts not only outline in clear terms the immense popularity of the internet and the use of social media but also are indicative of their addictive nature. The study is an attempt to analyze the usage pattern of the new media among the students of Kashmir University students.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014
Newspapers are the main source of disseminating information. They play a key role as agendasetter... more Newspapers are the main source of disseminating information. They play a key role as agendasetters in modern society. The function of newspapers in publicizing issues by giving in-depth view on issues like women, environment, poverty is very significant. Press as one of the pillars of democracy plays a constructive role in the national development. Speed, techniques and nature of news delivery have changed but the basic purpose of news and newspapers has remained constant and enduring. Revolution in technology, conglomeration and globalization have led to a paradigm shift in the nature of content and delivery of news. Because people depend on newspapers for their day-today information needs, newspapers should act to inform and educate people on social issues. The socially responsible press helps the citizens to be well informed on issues of immediate concern to them. Newspapers help in the emergence of public opinion and in building up of images through news reporting, expressing views, informing the public and thereby facilitating public discussion on issues of importance.
Objective: To present management of implanted foreign bodies in limbs resources constraint set up... more Objective: To present management of implanted foreign bodies in limbs resources constraint set up. Design & Duration: Prospective descriptive study conducted over a period of six months from February 2008 to January 2009. Setting: Orthopaedic unit II, Civil Hospital and ...
SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for three seasons, 1971–2, 1972–3 and 1973–4 to study the... more SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for three seasons, 1971–2, 1972–3 and 1973–4 to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and seed rate and their interactions on grain yield and its components and attributes of growth of two wheat varieties, Giza 155 and Mexipak. The semi-dwarf Mexipak was found to be more responsive to nitrogen application than the taller Giza 155 in a number of aspects, namely, grain yield per unit area of land, the number and weight of grains per ear, the dry weight per ear and dry weight of ears/m2. The numbers of spikelets and grains per ear of both varieties decreased linearly with an increase in seed rate. The 1000-grain weight was not affected in both varieties by either seed rate or N fertilizer.Variety × nitrogen, variety × seed rate and nitrogen × seed rate interactions were significant; the variety × nitrogen × seed rate interactions were not significant. Mexipak was found to have a definite optimum seed rate of 192 kg/ha at an optimum N level of ...
The nature and pace of technological change is mind boggling. The world wide web is exponentially... more The nature and pace of technological change is mind boggling. The world wide web is exponentially expanding and so are the choices for the user. The speed of Internet has changed the way people receive the information. Contemporary society has been revolutionized by the rapid growth and development of communication technologies. The proliferating convergence of the media has brought about a transformation in the process of communication and transmission of information. This present era of transition from traditional newspapers to digitally produced news offers both opportunities and challenges. New thinking and new methodologies are needed to cope with the challenges of digital news production and distribution. The impact of the internet on the news content is more visible. As the number of online newspapers is increasing, it becomes pertinent to assess the dimensions of the new media due to which nature of the new content is in a constant state of flux Introduction: There is no den...
Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death ... more Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death is very rare except in disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. We present what we believe is the first case of bone marrow infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in an HIV negative patient. Bone marrow examination revealed presence of numerous acid fast bacilli which were confirmed as Mycobacterium fortuitum on culture and by molecular analysis. Patient was managed successfully with amikacin and ciprofloxacin.
We hypothesize that first trimester circulating micro particle (CMP) proteins will define preecla... more We hypothesize that first trimester circulating micro particle (CMP) proteins will define preeclampsia risk while identifying clusters of disease subtypes among cases. We performed a nested case–control analysis among women with and without preeclampsia. Cases diagnosed
Marketing has become the essence of contemporary business scene in the hurriedly corporatizing wo... more Marketing has become the essence of contemporary business scene in the hurriedly corporatizing world. And the growth of media at pace with the corporate world, and as a corporate in itself, has presented both a viable option and a stiff challenge to the corporate houses for establishing their presence among the competing many. Traditional marketing pattern notwithstanding, the changing, media scenario has enforced transformation in the marketing policies. The corporate houses are engineering ways of using media to their benefit without involving the worn-out patterns of advertising. Paid news has recently become exposed as a tool-in-use for promoting and projecting, apart from the politicians, the business houses. And this media induced trend is fast becoming accepted by the corporate as well by the audiences that now seem to be consenting to the transformation in the working pattern of the media houses.
Mass Communicator: International Journal of Communication Studies, 2014
The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of comm... more The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of communication to such an extent that communicating today has become literally real time. Dissemination of information or news is now instantaneous and almost informal, transferred as and when it happens by the millions of users of these social networks. The emerging trend does not stop as dissemination of news and information only but has found extension in people keeping in touch with each other as more and more people are adopting it as powerful means of remaining connected and in constant touch with their friends and family. Blogging, micro blogging and video chat are the least popular forms of communications. The SMS habit of teenagers shows the compulsive type of behavior of text messaging which reveals the rudimentary seeds of full blown obsession in their behavior. These facts not only outline in clear terms the immense popularity of the internet and the use of social media but also are indicative of their addictive nature. The study is an attempt to analyze the usage pattern of the new media among the students of Kashmir University students.
2009 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, 2009
Automated debugging is becoming increasingly important as the size and complexity of software inc... more Automated debugging is becoming increasingly important as the size and complexity of software increases. This paper makes a case for using constraint-based data structure repair, a recently developed technique for fault recovery, as a basis for automated debugging. Data structure repair uses given structural integrity constraints for key data structures to monitor their correctness during the execution of a program. If a constraint violation is detected, repair performs mutations on the data structures, i.e., corrupt program state, and transforms it into another state, which satisfies the desired constraints. The primary goal of data structure repair is to transform an erroneous state into an acceptable state. Therefore, the mutations performed by repair actions provide a basis of debugging faults in code (assuming the errors are due to bugs). A key challenge to embodying this insight into a mechanical technique arises due to the difference in the concrete level of the program states and the abstract level of the program code: repair actions apply to concrete data structures that exist at runtime, whereas debugging applies to code. We observe that static structures (program variables) hold handles to dynamic structures (heap-allocated data), which allows bridging the gap between the abstract and concrete levels. We envision a tool-chain where a data structure repair tool generates repair logs that are used by a fault localization tool and a repair abstraction tool that apply in synergy to not only identify the location of fault(s) in code but also to synthesize debugging suggestions. An embodiment of our vision can significantly reduce the cost of developing reliable software.
Two of the regular insect pests, Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipahis eyrsimi attack on the Brassica... more Two of the regular insect pests, Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipahis eyrsimi attack on the Brassica campestris varieties throughout the growing season at Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Effect of these aphid species were examined on photosynthesis Brassica campestris cultivars, B. campestris A, Toria selection A, B. campestris PARC and B. campestris local under three different insecticide treatments, under RCBD design following split plot experiment in 2012. Populations of both the aphid species imposed their attack up to the mid of March in unsprayed and one spray treated plots respectively. Aphid herbivory caused significant reduction in photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Aphid free and single application of insecticide at peak flowering stage resulted in significant increase in photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. The necessary practice of insecticide should be performed at the critical stage (peak flowering) of plant to optimize the photosynthesis losses and...
Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death ... more Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death is very rare except in disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. We present what we believe is the first case of bone marrow infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in an HIV negative patient. Bone marrow examination revealed presence of numerous acid fast bacilli which were confirmed as Mycobacterium fortuitum on culture and by molecular analysis. Patient was managed successfully with amikacin and ciprofloxacin.
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, including Morgagni s hernia, usually present in early childhood... more Congenital diaphragmatic hernias, including Morgagni s hernia, usually present in early childhood and are treated by surgical repair. This case report is about an unusual Morgagni s hernia, presenting with dyspepsia and chest pain, at the age of 45 years. For many years the diagnosis remained a dilemma because patient s chest x-ray was not done and she was treated for "angina " and "dyspepsia". Diagnosis was obvious once a chest x-ray was done, however, barium studies were performed for further confirmation.
Mass Communicator: International Journal of Communication Studies, 2014
The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of comm... more The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of communication to such an extent that communicating today has become literally real time. Dissemination of information or news is now instantaneous and almost informal, transferred as and when it happens by the millions of users of these social networks. The emerging trend does not stop as dissemination of news and information only but has found extension in people keeping in touch with each other as more and more people are adopting it as powerful means of remaining connected and in constant touch with their friends and family. Blogging, micro blogging and video chat are the least popular forms of communications. The SMS habit of teenagers shows the compulsive type of behavior of text messaging which reveals the rudimentary seeds of full blown obsession in their behavior. These facts not only outline in clear terms the immense popularity of the internet and the use of social media but also are indicative of their addictive nature. The study is an attempt to analyze the usage pattern of the new media among the students of Kashmir University students.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014
Newspapers are the main source of disseminating information. They play a key role as agendasetter... more Newspapers are the main source of disseminating information. They play a key role as agendasetters in modern society. The function of newspapers in publicizing issues by giving in-depth view on issues like women, environment, poverty is very significant. Press as one of the pillars of democracy plays a constructive role in the national development. Speed, techniques and nature of news delivery have changed but the basic purpose of news and newspapers has remained constant and enduring. Revolution in technology, conglomeration and globalization have led to a paradigm shift in the nature of content and delivery of news. Because people depend on newspapers for their day-today information needs, newspapers should act to inform and educate people on social issues. The socially responsible press helps the citizens to be well informed on issues of immediate concern to them. Newspapers help in the emergence of public opinion and in building up of images through news reporting, expressing views, informing the public and thereby facilitating public discussion on issues of importance.
Objective: To present management of implanted foreign bodies in limbs resources constraint set up... more Objective: To present management of implanted foreign bodies in limbs resources constraint set up. Design & Duration: Prospective descriptive study conducted over a period of six months from February 2008 to January 2009. Setting: Orthopaedic unit II, Civil Hospital and ...
SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for three seasons, 1971–2, 1972–3 and 1973–4 to study the... more SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for three seasons, 1971–2, 1972–3 and 1973–4 to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and seed rate and their interactions on grain yield and its components and attributes of growth of two wheat varieties, Giza 155 and Mexipak. The semi-dwarf Mexipak was found to be more responsive to nitrogen application than the taller Giza 155 in a number of aspects, namely, grain yield per unit area of land, the number and weight of grains per ear, the dry weight per ear and dry weight of ears/m2. The numbers of spikelets and grains per ear of both varieties decreased linearly with an increase in seed rate. The 1000-grain weight was not affected in both varieties by either seed rate or N fertilizer.Variety × nitrogen, variety × seed rate and nitrogen × seed rate interactions were significant; the variety × nitrogen × seed rate interactions were not significant. Mexipak was found to have a definite optimum seed rate of 192 kg/ha at an optimum N level of ...
The nature and pace of technological change is mind boggling. The world wide web is exponentially... more The nature and pace of technological change is mind boggling. The world wide web is exponentially expanding and so are the choices for the user. The speed of Internet has changed the way people receive the information. Contemporary society has been revolutionized by the rapid growth and development of communication technologies. The proliferating convergence of the media has brought about a transformation in the process of communication and transmission of information. This present era of transition from traditional newspapers to digitally produced news offers both opportunities and challenges. New thinking and new methodologies are needed to cope with the challenges of digital news production and distribution. The impact of the internet on the news content is more visible. As the number of online newspapers is increasing, it becomes pertinent to assess the dimensions of the new media due to which nature of the new content is in a constant state of flux Introduction: There is no den...
Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death ... more Incidence and prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection vary greatly by location and death is very rare except in disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. We present what we believe is the first case of bone marrow infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum in an HIV negative patient. Bone marrow examination revealed presence of numerous acid fast bacilli which were confirmed as Mycobacterium fortuitum on culture and by molecular analysis. Patient was managed successfully with amikacin and ciprofloxacin.
We hypothesize that first trimester circulating micro particle (CMP) proteins will define preecla... more We hypothesize that first trimester circulating micro particle (CMP) proteins will define preeclampsia risk while identifying clusters of disease subtypes among cases. We performed a nested case–control analysis among women with and without preeclampsia. Cases diagnosed
Marketing has become the essence of contemporary business scene in the hurriedly corporatizing wo... more Marketing has become the essence of contemporary business scene in the hurriedly corporatizing world. And the growth of media at pace with the corporate world, and as a corporate in itself, has presented both a viable option and a stiff challenge to the corporate houses for establishing their presence among the competing many. Traditional marketing pattern notwithstanding, the changing, media scenario has enforced transformation in the marketing policies. The corporate houses are engineering ways of using media to their benefit without involving the worn-out patterns of advertising. Paid news has recently become exposed as a tool-in-use for promoting and projecting, apart from the politicians, the business houses. And this media induced trend is fast becoming accepted by the corporate as well by the audiences that now seem to be consenting to the transformation in the working pattern of the media houses.
Mass Communicator: International Journal of Communication Studies, 2014
The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of comm... more The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of communication to such an extent that communicating today has become literally real time. Dissemination of information or news is now instantaneous and almost informal, transferred as and when it happens by the millions of users of these social networks. The emerging trend does not stop as dissemination of news and information only but has found extension in people keeping in touch with each other as more and more people are adopting it as powerful means of remaining connected and in constant touch with their friends and family. Blogging, micro blogging and video chat are the least popular forms of communications. The SMS habit of teenagers shows the compulsive type of behavior of text messaging which reveals the rudimentary seeds of full blown obsession in their behavior. These facts not only outline in clear terms the immense popularity of the internet and the use of social media but also are indicative of their addictive nature. The study is an attempt to analyze the usage pattern of the new media among the students of Kashmir University students.
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Papers by Malik Khalid