Treatment methodologies of dye containing wastewater fall into three types: physical, chemical an... more Treatment methodologies of dye containing wastewater fall into three types: physical, chemical and biological. Biological methods have been proved to be superior over various physicochemical methods because of lower cost. Biological methods are safe for ecology also. Therefore, microorganism isolated from the site of pollution will be tool of interest for treatment of the effluent. We isolated 11 bacterial cultures from river Yamuna water and tannery industrial effluent (5 & 6 cultures respectively). Of these 7 cultures were classified as Gram negative cocci, 3 cultures as Gram negative bacilli and remaining one as Gram positive bacilli. All these isolates were screened for Acid Black dye de-colorization efficiency using bacterial culture in dye supplemented solid and liquid culture media. Finally, spectrophotometric analysis carried out to evaluate percent de-colorization of Acid Black dye and thin layer chromatography analysis was carried out to study dye de- colorization mechanis...
Mycobacterium leprae components might have several immunogenic proteins which may be useful in th... more Mycobacterium leprae components might have several immunogenic proteins which may be useful in the development of new epidemiological and diagnostic tools. We have been investigating such new proteins by employing 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) combined with immunoblotting. As an attempt in this direction, we have analysed cytosolic proteins of M. leprae. In our effort, we have found some antigens reacting specifically with serum samples from leprosy patients. These proteins need further characterisation.
Mentha pipertia is a medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since time immortal. Men... more Mentha pipertia is a medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since time immortal. Mentha piperita depicts antimicrobial, antiseptic action and used for treating nausea, flatulence, sickness, vomiting, stomachache etc. Extract of this plant was tested against Vicia faba to study scientific rationale behind use and its effect on somatic chromosomes. Extract have been prepared in the laboratory. Then presoaked seeds of Vicia faba in water were treated in different concentrations (5-50%) of extract for 24 hrs of duration. The germinating seeds both treated and controlled having root tips of about 0.5 to 1 cm in length were fixed in acetic alcohol (1:3) fixative for 8-12 hrs and then preserved in 70% alcohol. Detailed studies were conducted on the clastogenetic effects and chromosomal behaviour during cell-division. The observation revealed that the extract had a strong mitostatic effect on Vicia faba. It induced chromosomal abnormalities during mitotic cycle such as sticky c...
Dye׳s residues in textile effluents are hazardous for humans and animals health. Such pollutants ... more Dye׳s residues in textile effluents are hazardous for humans and animals health. Such pollutants can be degraded into non-harmful molecules using biological approaches that are considered cheaper and ecologically safer. Isolated 15 bacterial cultures from soil that could be used in biological system were showed decolorization capacity for Acid Green dye (33.9% to 94.0%) using thin layer chromatography and broth culture method. The most promising cultures (AMC3) to decolorize Acid green Dye (94.6%) was re-coded as NSDSUAM for submitting at IMTECH, Chandigarh for sequencing. The 16SrRNA sequencing suggested that it can be a variant of Pseudomonas geniculata (99.85% identical similarity) with difference of 2 base pairs to reference strain Pseudomonas geniculata ATCC 19374(T). Thus present study proposed dye decolorizing efficiency of the isolated strain of Pseudomonas geniculata that was previously unnoticed. The sequence is deposited in NCBI GenBank with the accession number KP238100.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as... more Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as Johne's disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn's disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the infection in animals continues to be the permanent source of infection to human population. High bio-burden of MAP in wide range of biotic (animal hosts including human beings) and abiotic environment in each and every country where it has been investigated, serves a reminder about the survival abilities of the MAP in diverse range of environmental conditions. Ability of the MAP to evade immune system of the host and the temporal events during infection of the macrophages, is an area of major concern and research activities as the pattern of distribution are quiet different from those of other pathogenic intracellular organisms. Moreover, the organism can survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as high and low environmental temperatures, pasteurization, low pH, and high salt concentration etc. This superior survival efficiency from environmental degradation and dormancy within host allows the pathogen to be available for causing disease and pathogenicity in animals and human beings, when conditions are favorable. Perusal of literature reveal that, despite the availability of whole genome sequence of MAP, a very little is known about the replication, persistence and survival mechanisms of this pathogen. Therefore, this review tries to address the survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the different host species and adverse environmental conditions in order to allow designing of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.
Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of joints. Exact etiology of the disease is not understood y... more Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of joints. Exact etiology of the disease is not understood yet; but histopathological examination of vital organs like liver, kidney, ovary and knee joint can anticipate immune mediated damage. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was administered orally by both prophylactic and curative protocol in freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Indomethacin was used as standard anti-arthritic drug. Histopathology of liver, kidney, ovary and right hind knee joint were done. Cytokine concentrations were determined by using ELISA. Effects shown by L. acidophilus were comparable with indomethacin. Histopathological analysis of liver, kidney, ovaries and knee joints of L. acidophilus fed groups revealed significantly less damage as compared with other counterparts. Lactobacillus treatment has down-regulated pro-inflammatory level and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines level in serum samples. L. acidophilus managed organs damage associated with arthritis. It has significantly down regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines.
ABSTRACT Studying symbiotic association can provide principles to improve crop yield under harsh ... more ABSTRACT Studying symbiotic association can provide principles to improve crop yield under harsh conditions. In present study, influence of endophytes was studied on seedling emergence and growth of plumule and radicle of Pennisetum typhoides. The plants were sterilized on surface to prevent contaminations and then macerated in disinfected pestle and mortar to obtain pure colonies of in-habitat bacterial colonies on King’s B media, Nutrient agar and Potato dextrose agar using conventional methods. From 08 plant species, 319 endophytic bacterial cultures were isolated. The isolated endophytes were applied on seeds of Pennisetum typhoides to check the influence on seedling emergence, and growth of radicle and plumule. Out of the 319 cultures, 224 (70.22%) cultures were inhibiting seed germination and growth, while 95 (29.8%) cultures were promoting growth of shoot and/or root of Pennisetum typhoides. Of these 95 growth promoting cultures, 49 (51.6 %) cultures were promoting growth of both shoot and root; 42 (44.2 %) were promoting shoot but inhibiting root growth and 4 (4.21%) were promoting root, but inhibiting shoot growth. Plant species Catharanthus roseus had maximum percentage of inhabitant cultures (58%) that promoted growth of shoot and root. Microbiological characterization of growth promotory cultures revealed that major number of bacteria belongs to Gram positive bacillus (21 cultures) group followed by Gram negative bacillus (16 cultures) group. The mechanism of growth promotion was observed as nitrogen fixation alone (38 cultures), phosphate solubilization along with nitrogen fixation (4 cultures) and other methods (7 cultures). The isolated endophytic strains have the potential to be used as seed inoculants or co-inoculants for improvement in growth, development and yields and thus help in sustainable evelopment in the field of agriculture.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2014
Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrializat... more Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents. pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.
The aim of the study was to evaluate protective property of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus... more The aim of the study was to evaluate protective property of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus in minimizing oxidative stress associated with arthritis from liver and kidney. Subsequently, protective property of Lactobacillus against the bone damage was also taken into consideration. Arthritis was induced by injecting freund's complete adjuvant (100 ll) into sub plantar surface of hind paw. Oral administration of culture, vehicle, and drug started after induction of arthritis (i.e. on day 9th). Indomethacin was used as a standard drug. Radiographic analysis of the hind paw knee joint was also done at the end of the 21st day. Oxidative stress parameters were studied from liver and kidney homogenate. Histopathology of liver and kidney was also performed. Lactobacillus treatment significantly rescued the enzymatic level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase in both liver and kidney homogenates, whereas it has decreased the malonaldehyde accumulation. Oral administration of Lactobacillus also significantly decreased the serum ceruloplasmin level. Radiographic analysis also corroborated these findings. Lactobacillus treatment maintained the normal histopathology of liver and kidney. Results of this study clearly suggest that L. casei and L. acidophilus, alone or in combination, decreased the bone damaged and effectively restored antioxidant status of liver and kidney. Lactobacillus has a significant antiarthritic and antioxidant activity against freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats.
In view of well-established immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus, present investigation w... more In view of well-established immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus, present investigation was carried out to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, against inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress developed in an experimental model of arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used. Oral administration of L. casei, L. acidophilus, standard antiarthritic drug indomethacin, and vehicle were started after induced arthritis and continued up to day 28. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, IL-1b, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were estimated in serum. In parallel, oxidative stress parameters were also measured from synovial effsuate. All rats were graded for arthritis score at the end of each week. L. casei, L. acidophilus, and indomethacin treatment significantly downregulated proinflammatory and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines at P < 0.0001. They have significantly decreased oxidative stress in synovial effsuate (P < 0.0001) and also arthritis score (P < 0.05). Protection provided by L. casei and L. acidophilus was more pronounced than that of indomethacin. These lines of evidence suggest that L. casei and L. acidophilus exert potent protective effect against CIA. It further establishes effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Lactobacillus. However, additional clinical investigations are needed to prove the efficacy of Lactobacillus in treatment/management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl) Miers. (Bignoniaceae), has been tra... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl) Miers. (Bignoniaceae), has been traditionally used as a remedy for treating white patches and infections on the skin (leukoderma, vitiligo). Aim of the study: To investigate wound healing and antimicrobial activity of flower extract of Pyrostegia venusta, including in vivo antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: Methanolic extracts of Pyrostegia venusta flowers were studied for wound healing efficiency along with its effect on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed using excision and incision model of wound repair in Wistar rats. Healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, tensile strength, breaking strength, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content. Antimicrobial activity of the flower extract against twelve microorganisms was also assessed. In vivo antioxidant activity was performed to understand the mechanism of wound healing potency. Results: The results indicated that Pyrostegia venusta extract has potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction and increased tensile strength. Hydroxyproline and hexosamine expression were also correlative with the healing pattern observed. Pyrostegia venusta extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against the organisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicana. During early wound healing phase TNF-␣ and IL-6 level were found to be up regulated by Pyrostegia venusta treatment. Conclusion: Increased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline and hexosamine content along with antioxidative activity and moderate antimicrobial activity support the early wound healing exhibited by Pyrostegia venusta flower extract. Induction in cytokine production may be one of the mechanisms involved in accelerating the wound healing by Pyrostegia venusta extract. Results suggest that Pyrostegia venusta may be useful in the tropical management of wound healing.
Treatment methodologies of dye containing wastewater fall into three types: physical, chemical an... more Treatment methodologies of dye containing wastewater fall into three types: physical, chemical and biological. Biological methods have been proved to be superior over various physicochemical methods because of lower cost. Biological methods are safe for ecology also. Therefore, microorganism isolated from the site of pollution will be tool of interest for treatment of the effluent. We isolated 11 bacterial cultures from river Yamuna water and tannery industrial effluent (5 & 6 cultures respectively). Of these 7 cultures were classified as Gram negative cocci, 3 cultures as Gram negative bacilli and remaining one as Gram positive bacilli. All these isolates were screened for Acid Black dye de-colorization efficiency using bacterial culture in dye supplemented solid and liquid culture media. Finally, spectrophotometric analysis carried out to evaluate percent de-colorization of Acid Black dye and thin layer chromatography analysis was carried out to study dye de- colorization mechanis...
Mycobacterium leprae components might have several immunogenic proteins which may be useful in th... more Mycobacterium leprae components might have several immunogenic proteins which may be useful in the development of new epidemiological and diagnostic tools. We have been investigating such new proteins by employing 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) combined with immunoblotting. As an attempt in this direction, we have analysed cytosolic proteins of M. leprae. In our effort, we have found some antigens reacting specifically with serum samples from leprosy patients. These proteins need further characterisation.
Mentha pipertia is a medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since time immortal. Men... more Mentha pipertia is a medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since time immortal. Mentha piperita depicts antimicrobial, antiseptic action and used for treating nausea, flatulence, sickness, vomiting, stomachache etc. Extract of this plant was tested against Vicia faba to study scientific rationale behind use and its effect on somatic chromosomes. Extract have been prepared in the laboratory. Then presoaked seeds of Vicia faba in water were treated in different concentrations (5-50%) of extract for 24 hrs of duration. The germinating seeds both treated and controlled having root tips of about 0.5 to 1 cm in length were fixed in acetic alcohol (1:3) fixative for 8-12 hrs and then preserved in 70% alcohol. Detailed studies were conducted on the clastogenetic effects and chromosomal behaviour during cell-division. The observation revealed that the extract had a strong mitostatic effect on Vicia faba. It induced chromosomal abnormalities during mitotic cycle such as sticky c...
Dye׳s residues in textile effluents are hazardous for humans and animals health. Such pollutants ... more Dye׳s residues in textile effluents are hazardous for humans and animals health. Such pollutants can be degraded into non-harmful molecules using biological approaches that are considered cheaper and ecologically safer. Isolated 15 bacterial cultures from soil that could be used in biological system were showed decolorization capacity for Acid Green dye (33.9% to 94.0%) using thin layer chromatography and broth culture method. The most promising cultures (AMC3) to decolorize Acid green Dye (94.6%) was re-coded as NSDSUAM for submitting at IMTECH, Chandigarh for sequencing. The 16SrRNA sequencing suggested that it can be a variant of Pseudomonas geniculata (99.85% identical similarity) with difference of 2 base pairs to reference strain Pseudomonas geniculata ATCC 19374(T). Thus present study proposed dye decolorizing efficiency of the isolated strain of Pseudomonas geniculata that was previously unnoticed. The sequence is deposited in NCBI GenBank with the accession number KP238100.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as... more Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as Johne's disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn's disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the infection in animals continues to be the permanent source of infection to human population. High bio-burden of MAP in wide range of biotic (animal hosts including human beings) and abiotic environment in each and every country where it has been investigated, serves a reminder about the survival abilities of the MAP in diverse range of environmental conditions. Ability of the MAP to evade immune system of the host and the temporal events during infection of the macrophages, is an area of major concern and research activities as the pattern of distribution are quiet different from those of other pathogenic intracellular organisms. Moreover, the organism can survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as high and low environmental temperatures, pasteurization, low pH, and high salt concentration etc. This superior survival efficiency from environmental degradation and dormancy within host allows the pathogen to be available for causing disease and pathogenicity in animals and human beings, when conditions are favorable. Perusal of literature reveal that, despite the availability of whole genome sequence of MAP, a very little is known about the replication, persistence and survival mechanisms of this pathogen. Therefore, this review tries to address the survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the different host species and adverse environmental conditions in order to allow designing of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.
Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of joints. Exact etiology of the disease is not understood y... more Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of joints. Exact etiology of the disease is not understood yet; but histopathological examination of vital organs like liver, kidney, ovary and knee joint can anticipate immune mediated damage. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was administered orally by both prophylactic and curative protocol in freund&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s complete adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Indomethacin was used as standard anti-arthritic drug. Histopathology of liver, kidney, ovary and right hind knee joint were done. Cytokine concentrations were determined by using ELISA. Effects shown by L. acidophilus were comparable with indomethacin. Histopathological analysis of liver, kidney, ovaries and knee joints of L. acidophilus fed groups revealed significantly less damage as compared with other counterparts. Lactobacillus treatment has down-regulated pro-inflammatory level and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines level in serum samples. L. acidophilus managed organs damage associated with arthritis. It has significantly down regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines.
ABSTRACT Studying symbiotic association can provide principles to improve crop yield under harsh ... more ABSTRACT Studying symbiotic association can provide principles to improve crop yield under harsh conditions. In present study, influence of endophytes was studied on seedling emergence and growth of plumule and radicle of Pennisetum typhoides. The plants were sterilized on surface to prevent contaminations and then macerated in disinfected pestle and mortar to obtain pure colonies of in-habitat bacterial colonies on King’s B media, Nutrient agar and Potato dextrose agar using conventional methods. From 08 plant species, 319 endophytic bacterial cultures were isolated. The isolated endophytes were applied on seeds of Pennisetum typhoides to check the influence on seedling emergence, and growth of radicle and plumule. Out of the 319 cultures, 224 (70.22%) cultures were inhibiting seed germination and growth, while 95 (29.8%) cultures were promoting growth of shoot and/or root of Pennisetum typhoides. Of these 95 growth promoting cultures, 49 (51.6 %) cultures were promoting growth of both shoot and root; 42 (44.2 %) were promoting shoot but inhibiting root growth and 4 (4.21%) were promoting root, but inhibiting shoot growth. Plant species Catharanthus roseus had maximum percentage of inhabitant cultures (58%) that promoted growth of shoot and root. Microbiological characterization of growth promotory cultures revealed that major number of bacteria belongs to Gram positive bacillus (21 cultures) group followed by Gram negative bacillus (16 cultures) group. The mechanism of growth promotion was observed as nitrogen fixation alone (38 cultures), phosphate solubilization along with nitrogen fixation (4 cultures) and other methods (7 cultures). The isolated endophytic strains have the potential to be used as seed inoculants or co-inoculants for improvement in growth, development and yields and thus help in sustainable evelopment in the field of agriculture.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2014
Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrializat... more Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents. pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.
The aim of the study was to evaluate protective property of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus... more The aim of the study was to evaluate protective property of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus in minimizing oxidative stress associated with arthritis from liver and kidney. Subsequently, protective property of Lactobacillus against the bone damage was also taken into consideration. Arthritis was induced by injecting freund's complete adjuvant (100 ll) into sub plantar surface of hind paw. Oral administration of culture, vehicle, and drug started after induction of arthritis (i.e. on day 9th). Indomethacin was used as a standard drug. Radiographic analysis of the hind paw knee joint was also done at the end of the 21st day. Oxidative stress parameters were studied from liver and kidney homogenate. Histopathology of liver and kidney was also performed. Lactobacillus treatment significantly rescued the enzymatic level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase in both liver and kidney homogenates, whereas it has decreased the malonaldehyde accumulation. Oral administration of Lactobacillus also significantly decreased the serum ceruloplasmin level. Radiographic analysis also corroborated these findings. Lactobacillus treatment maintained the normal histopathology of liver and kidney. Results of this study clearly suggest that L. casei and L. acidophilus, alone or in combination, decreased the bone damaged and effectively restored antioxidant status of liver and kidney. Lactobacillus has a significant antiarthritic and antioxidant activity against freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats.
In view of well-established immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus, present investigation w... more In view of well-established immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus, present investigation was carried out to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, against inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress developed in an experimental model of arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used. Oral administration of L. casei, L. acidophilus, standard antiarthritic drug indomethacin, and vehicle were started after induced arthritis and continued up to day 28. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, IL-1b, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were estimated in serum. In parallel, oxidative stress parameters were also measured from synovial effsuate. All rats were graded for arthritis score at the end of each week. L. casei, L. acidophilus, and indomethacin treatment significantly downregulated proinflammatory and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines at P < 0.0001. They have significantly decreased oxidative stress in synovial effsuate (P < 0.0001) and also arthritis score (P < 0.05). Protection provided by L. casei and L. acidophilus was more pronounced than that of indomethacin. These lines of evidence suggest that L. casei and L. acidophilus exert potent protective effect against CIA. It further establishes effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Lactobacillus. However, additional clinical investigations are needed to prove the efficacy of Lactobacillus in treatment/management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl) Miers. (Bignoniaceae), has been tra... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl) Miers. (Bignoniaceae), has been traditionally used as a remedy for treating white patches and infections on the skin (leukoderma, vitiligo). Aim of the study: To investigate wound healing and antimicrobial activity of flower extract of Pyrostegia venusta, including in vivo antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: Methanolic extracts of Pyrostegia venusta flowers were studied for wound healing efficiency along with its effect on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed using excision and incision model of wound repair in Wistar rats. Healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, tensile strength, breaking strength, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content. Antimicrobial activity of the flower extract against twelve microorganisms was also assessed. In vivo antioxidant activity was performed to understand the mechanism of wound healing potency. Results: The results indicated that Pyrostegia venusta extract has potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction and increased tensile strength. Hydroxyproline and hexosamine expression were also correlative with the healing pattern observed. Pyrostegia venusta extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against the organisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicana. During early wound healing phase TNF-␣ and IL-6 level were found to be up regulated by Pyrostegia venusta treatment. Conclusion: Increased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline and hexosamine content along with antioxidative activity and moderate antimicrobial activity support the early wound healing exhibited by Pyrostegia venusta flower extract. Induction in cytokine production may be one of the mechanisms involved in accelerating the wound healing by Pyrostegia venusta extract. Results suggest that Pyrostegia venusta may be useful in the tropical management of wound healing.
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