Then
The word "Then" serves as a temporal marker, indicating a continuation or sequence in the narrative. It suggests that what follows is a direct consequence or next step in the unfolding revelation of God's law to the Israelites. This word connects the instructions in Leviticus 25 to the preceding chapters, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenantal relationship with His people. In the broader context of Leviticus, it underscores the progressive revelation of God's will, as He systematically lays out His statutes for holy living.

the LORD
The term "the LORD" is a translation of the Hebrew name Yahweh, the covenant name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Leviticus, it highlights the divine authority behind the laws being given. Yahweh is not a distant deity but a personal God who is actively involved in the lives of His people, guiding them towards holiness and righteousness.

said
The verb "said" indicates direct communication from God to Moses. This is not merely a suggestion or a thought but a divine command. The Hebrew root "amar" conveys the idea of speaking with authority and purpose. In the context of Leviticus, it underscores the importance of the instructions that follow, as they are not human inventions but divine mandates. This communication reflects the intimate relationship between God and Moses, where God speaks, and Moses listens and conveys His words to the people.

to Moses
Moses is the central human figure in the Pentateuch, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to receive the Law on their behalf. His role as a mediator is crucial, as he stands between God and the people, receiving divine instructions and teaching them to the Israelites. The mention of Moses here reinforces his authority and responsibility as the leader and prophet of Israel. It also highlights the trust and intimacy in his relationship with God, as he is the one chosen to receive and transmit God's laws.

on Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai is a significant location in the biblical narrative, known as the mountain of God. It is the place where Moses first encountered God in the burning bush and where the Israelites received the Ten Commandments. The mention of Mount Sinai here situates the giving of these laws within the broader context of the Sinai covenant. It is a place of divine revelation and covenantal relationship, where God establishes His laws and expectations for His people. The historical and archaeological significance of Mount Sinai as a sacred site underscores the gravity and holiness of the instructions being given.

Speak to the Israelites
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to Moses, emphasizing the importance of communication between God and His chosen people, the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "speak" is "דַּבֵּר" (daber), which implies not just casual conversation but a formal declaration. This highlights the authoritative nature of God's instructions and the responsibility of Moses as a mediator. The Israelites, descendants of Jacob, are reminded of their unique covenant relationship with God, which sets them apart from other nations.

and say
The repetition of the command to "say" underscores the importance of the message. The Hebrew word "אָמַר" (amar) is used here, which often conveys the idea of making something known or declaring. This reinforces the idea that what follows is not merely advice but a divine mandate that requires attention and obedience.

When you enter the land
This phrase points to a future event, the entry into the Promised Land, Canaan. The Hebrew word for "enter" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which signifies coming into a place of rest and fulfillment of God's promises. Historically, this entry marks a significant transition from a nomadic lifestyle to a settled agricultural society. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness in delivering His people and fulfilling His covenant promises.

I am giving you
The phrase emphasizes God's sovereignty and grace. The Hebrew verb "נָתַן" (natan) means "to give," indicating that the land is a gift from God, not something earned by the Israelites. This underscores the concept of divine grace, where God provides for His people out of His love and faithfulness, not because of their merit.

the land itself
This highlights the physical land of Canaan, which holds theological significance as the inheritance promised to Abraham and his descendants. The Hebrew word "אֶרֶץ" (eretz) is used, which can mean land, earth, or territory. The land is not just a backdrop for the Israelites' lives but a central element in God's redemptive plan, symbolizing His provision and blessing.

must observe a Sabbath
The command for the land to observe a Sabbath introduces the concept of the sabbatical year, a year of rest for the land every seventh year. The Hebrew word "שַׁבָּת" (shabbat) means "rest" or "cessation." This practice reflects God's creation pattern and His provision, teaching the Israelites to trust in Him for sustenance. It also serves as a reminder of the need for rest and renewal, both physically and spiritually.

to the LORD
This phrase indicates that the Sabbath rest is dedicated to God, acknowledging His lordship over the land and the people. The Hebrew name for God here is "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. Observing the Sabbath to the LORD is an act of worship and obedience, recognizing His authority and provision. It serves as a reminder of the Israelites' dependence on God and their role as stewards of His creation.

For six years
The phrase "for six years" sets a specific period of labor and cultivation, reflecting the biblical principle of work and rest. In the Hebrew context, the number six often symbolizes human effort and labor, as seen in the six days of creation where God worked before resting on the seventh. This period of six years is a divine allowance for human activity, emphasizing the importance of diligent work and stewardship of the land. It also foreshadows the Sabbath principle, which is deeply rooted in the rhythm of creation and the covenant relationship between God and His people.

you may sow your field
The act of sowing the field is a fundamental agricultural practice, representing the human responsibility to cultivate and care for the earth. In Hebrew, the word for "sow" (זָרַע, zara) carries the connotation of scattering seed, which is an act of faith, trusting that God will provide growth and harvest. This phrase underscores the partnership between divine providence and human effort, where God provides the resources and conditions, and humans are called to actively participate in the process of creation and sustenance.

and prune your vineyard
Pruning the vineyard is a metaphor for care and maintenance, ensuring that the vines remain healthy and productive. The Hebrew word for "prune" (זָמַר, zamar) also means to sing or make music, suggesting that this act of cultivation is not just a duty but a harmonious and joyful participation in God's creation. Vineyards in biblical times were significant for their economic and symbolic value, often representing abundance, blessing, and the fruitfulness of God's covenant with Israel.

and gather its crops
Gathering the crops is the culmination of the agricultural cycle, a time of harvest and celebration. The Hebrew term for "gather" (אָסַף, asaph) implies collecting and bringing together, which in a broader sense, can be seen as a reflection of God's gathering of His people. This phrase highlights the reward of faithful labor and the provision of God, who ensures that the land yields its produce. It also points to the eschatological hope of a final harvest, where God will gather His people into His eternal kingdom.

But in the seventh year
The phrase "seventh year" refers to the sabbatical year, known in Hebrew as "Shmita." This concept is deeply rooted in the creation narrative, where God rested on the seventh day. The number seven in Hebrew culture symbolizes completion and perfection. The sabbatical year is a time of renewal and trust in God's provision, reflecting the divine order established at creation.

there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest
The term "Sabbath" comes from the Hebrew word "Shabbat," meaning to cease or rest. This rest is not merely physical but spiritual, emphasizing a cessation from labor to focus on God. The "complete rest" for the land signifies a holistic pause, allowing the earth to rejuvenate. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty over creation and His provision for His people.

for the land
The land, or "ha'aretz" in Hebrew, is a significant theme throughout the Bible. It represents God's promise and blessing to His people. The command to let the land rest acknowledges that the earth belongs to God, and humans are stewards of His creation. This stewardship requires obedience and trust in God's provision, even when it means refraining from agricultural activity.

a Sabbath to the LORD
This phrase underscores that the Sabbath year is dedicated to the LORD, or "Yahweh." It is an act of worship and obedience, recognizing God's ultimate authority. The land's rest is not just for ecological benefit but is a spiritual act of devotion, acknowledging God's role as Creator and Sustainer.

You are not to sow your field
The prohibition against sowing fields during the sabbatical year is a test of faith. It challenges the Israelites to rely on God's provision rather than their own efforts. This commandment teaches dependence on God and His faithfulness to provide, even when human logic might suggest otherwise.

or prune your vineyard
Pruning, a common agricultural practice to ensure healthy growth and fruit production, is also forbidden during the sabbatical year. This restriction emphasizes the principle of rest and trust. By not pruning, the Israelites demonstrate their reliance on God to sustain the land and provide for their needs, reinforcing the spiritual discipline of surrender and faith.

You are not to reap
The Hebrew word for "reap" is "קָצַר" (qatsar), which means to cut down or harvest. In the context of Leviticus 25, this command is part of the Sabbatical Year, a time when the Israelites were instructed to let the land rest. This practice underscores the principle of trust in God's provision, as the people were to rely on what the land naturally produced without their intervention. It is a reminder of the divine ownership of the land and the need for humans to exercise stewardship rather than exploitation.

the aftergrowth of your harvest
The term "aftergrowth" refers to the secondary growth that occurs after the initial harvest. In Hebrew, this is "סָפִיחַ" (saphiyach), which implies something that grows of its own accord. The prohibition against harvesting this aftergrowth emphasizes the importance of allowing the land to rejuvenate. Spiritually, it teaches believers about the importance of rest and renewal, not just for the land but for themselves, trusting that God will provide even when they cease their labor.

or gather the grapes
The act of gathering grapes, "אָסַף" (asaph) in Hebrew, is a common agricultural activity. However, during the Sabbatical Year, this activity is restricted. Grapes, a symbol of joy and abundance in the Bible, are to be left untouched, signifying a pause in the usual cycle of work and consumption. This pause serves as a tangible reminder of God's sovereignty and the need for humans to align their rhythms with His divine order.

of your untended vines
The phrase "untended vines" refers to vines that are not pruned or cultivated during the Sabbatical Year. The Hebrew word "נָזִיר" (nazir) can be associated with being set apart or consecrated. This highlights the sacredness of the Sabbatical Year, where even the land is set apart for rest. It reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness and separation unto God, encouraging believers to consider how they might set apart time and resources for spiritual purposes.

It will be a year of rest
The concept of "rest" is central to the Sabbatical Year, with the Hebrew word "שַׁבָּתוֹן" (shabbaton) indicating a special rest or cessation. This rest is not merely physical but also spiritual, providing an opportunity for reflection, renewal, and reliance on God. It is a precursor to the ultimate rest found in Christ, who offers rest for our souls (Matthew 11:28-30). The Sabbatical Year teaches the importance of rhythm in life, balancing work with rest, and trusting in God's provision.

for the land
The land, "אֲדָמָה" (adamah) in Hebrew, is a recurring theme in the Bible, representing God's creation and provision. The command for the land to rest acknowledges its intrinsic value and the need for sustainable practices. It serves as a reminder of humanity's role as caretakers of God's creation, encouraging a lifestyle that honors and preserves the environment. This principle is echoed in modern discussions on environmental stewardship and sustainable living, rooted in the biblical mandate to care for the earth.

But the Sabbath produce of the land
The term "Sabbath" here refers to the sabbatical year, a concept rooted in the Hebrew word "שַׁבָּת" (Shabbat), meaning rest or cessation. This year of rest for the land, occurring every seventh year, is a profound expression of trust in God's provision. Historically, this practice allowed the land to rejuvenate, reflecting God's wisdom in sustainable agriculture. Spiritually, it symbolizes a deeper rest in God's sovereignty, reminding believers that ultimate provision comes from Him, not human effort.

will be food for you
The phrase underscores God's promise of provision. The Hebrew word for "food" is "אָכְלָה" (oklah), which signifies sustenance and nourishment. In a broader biblical context, this provision is a testament to God's faithfulness. Even when the land lies fallow, God ensures His people are fed, teaching reliance on divine providence rather than human labor.

for yourself
This phrase emphasizes personal provision. The sabbatical year is not just a communal or agricultural practice but a personal experience of God's care. It invites individuals to trust in God's provision for their personal needs, reinforcing the relationship between the believer and the Creator.

your manservant and maidservant
The inclusion of servants highlights the egalitarian nature of God's provision. The Hebrew terms "עֶבֶד" (eved) for manservant and "שִׁפְחָה" (shifchah) for maidservant indicate those in servitude. In ancient Israel, these individuals were often economically vulnerable. God's command ensures they too partake in the blessings of the sabbatical year, reflecting His justice and compassion.

the hired hand or foreigner
This phrase extends God's provision to those outside the immediate family or community, including "שָׂכִיר" (sakhir), the hired worker, and "תוֹשָׁב" (toshav), the foreigner or sojourner. In the ancient Near Eastern context, these groups were often marginalized. By including them, God demonstrates His inclusive love and care for all humanity, foreshadowing the New Testament's message of salvation for all nations.

who stays with you
The phrase "who stays with you" implies a sense of community and belonging. The Hebrew root "גּוּר" (gur) suggests dwelling or residing. This inclusion signifies that those who live among God's people, regardless of their origin, are to be treated with dignity and provided for. It reflects the biblical principle of hospitality and the call to be a light to the nations, embodying God's love and justice in community life.

and for your livestock
The Hebrew word for "livestock" is "בְּהֵמָה" (behemah), which generally refers to domesticated animals. In the context of Leviticus 25, this phrase emphasizes God's provision not only for humans but also for the animals that serve them. The Sabbatical year, or Shemitah, is a time when the land rests, and yet God ensures that there is enough growth to sustain both people and their animals. This reflects the biblical principle of stewardship, where humans are called to care for all of God's creation, including the animals that are part of their livelihood.

and the wild animals in your land
The phrase "wild animals" translates from the Hebrew "חַיָּה" (chayyah), indicating non-domesticated creatures. This inclusion highlights God's comprehensive care for all life, not just human interests. The land's rest during the Sabbatical year serves as a reminder that the earth and its fullness belong to the Lord (Psalm 24:1). It underscores the interconnectedness of all creation and God's provision for every living thing, reinforcing the idea that humans are part of a larger ecosystem that God sustains.

All its growth may serve as food
The term "growth" comes from the Hebrew "תְּבוּאָה" (tevuah), meaning produce or yield. During the Sabbatical year, the land is not to be sown or harvested in the usual manner, yet it will still produce enough to serve as food. This miraculous provision is a testament to God's sovereignty and faithfulness. It teaches reliance on God's provision rather than human effort alone. The phrase "may serve as food" indicates that the produce of the land is freely available to all, symbolizing God's generosity and the principle of sharing resources within the community. This provision is a foretaste of the ultimate rest and provision found in Christ, who is our Sabbath rest (Hebrews 4:9-10).

And you shall count off
The phrase "count off" in Hebrew is "סָפַר" (safar), which means to count, recount, or number. This command to count is not merely a mathematical exercise but a spiritual discipline. It reflects the importance of intentionality and mindfulness in the observance of God's commands. Counting each year emphasizes the anticipation and preparation for the Jubilee, a time of restoration and freedom. This practice reminds believers of the importance of being deliberate in their walk with God, ensuring that they are aligned with His divine timing and purposes.

seven sabbaths of years
The concept of "seven sabbaths of years" is deeply rooted in the Hebrew understanding of time and rest. The number seven is significant in the Bible, symbolizing completion and perfection. The Sabbath year, occurring every seventh year, was a time of rest for the land and a test of faith for the Israelites, trusting God to provide. By multiplying this cycle by seven, the passage underscores the fullness of God's provision and the ultimate rest found in Him. It points to the eschatological hope of eternal rest and restoration in God's kingdom.

seven times seven years
This phrase reiterates the importance of the number seven and its multiples, emphasizing completeness and divine order. The repetition of "seven times seven" serves as a reminder of the cyclical nature of God's creation and His covenant with Israel. It also foreshadows the ultimate redemption and liberation that comes through Christ, who fulfills the law and brings about a new creation. For believers, this is a call to live in the rhythm of God's grace, experiencing His rest and renewal.

so that the seven sabbaths of years
The purpose of counting these sabbaths is to lead to a significant moment in Israel's calendar—the Jubilee. This phrase highlights the intentionality behind God's commands, where each cycle of sabbaths builds upon the previous, culminating in a time of liberation and restoration. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the hope of redemption. For Christians, it is a picture of the ultimate freedom found in Christ, who sets captives free and restores what is broken.

amount to forty-nine years
The culmination of these cycles is the forty-nine years, leading to the fiftieth year, the Jubilee. This period represents a complete cycle of time, a fullness that anticipates a new beginning. The number forty-nine, being seven times seven, signifies a perfect completion, preparing the way for the Jubilee's newness. In the Christian context, it symbolizes the completeness of Christ's work on the cross and the new life believers have in Him. It is an invitation to live in the freedom and abundance of God's grace, looking forward to the ultimate Jubilee in His eternal kingdom.

Then you are to sound
The Hebrew word for "sound" is "ta'aviru," which implies a loud, clear proclamation. This act of sounding the horn is not merely a ritualistic gesture but a divine command that signifies the beginning of something sacred and transformative. In the context of ancient Israel, sound carried significant weight as a means of communication, especially in a time without modern technology. The sounding of the horn was a call to attention, a divine alarm that signaled the commencement of a holy observance.

the ram’s horn
The "ram’s horn," or "shofar" in Hebrew, is a significant instrument in Jewish tradition. It is not just a musical instrument but a spiritual tool used to awaken the conscience of the people. The shofar is traditionally made from the horn of a ram, which ties back to the account of Abraham and Isaac, where a ram was provided as a substitute sacrifice. This connection underscores themes of redemption and divine provision. The shofar's sound is meant to pierce the heart, calling the people to repentance and reflection.

loudly
The emphasis on sounding the horn "loudly" indicates the importance of the message being conveyed. It is a call that must be heard by all, leaving no room for ignorance or neglect. The loudness signifies urgency and the need for immediate attention and action. In a spiritual sense, it represents the clarity and power of God's call to His people, a call that demands a response.

in the seventh month
The "seventh month" in the Hebrew calendar is Tishrei, a month filled with significant religious observances, including Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and Sukkot. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness and perfection, reflecting the fullness of God's plan and the sacredness of time. This month is a period of introspection, repentance, and renewal, aligning with the themes of the Jubilee year.

on the tenth day of the month
The "tenth day" of Tishrei is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. It is a day dedicated to fasting, prayer, and repentance. The specificity of the date underscores the precision of God's timing and the importance of obedience to His commands. It is a day when the people of Israel seek reconciliation with God, a time of spiritual cleansing and renewal.

on the Day of Atonement
The "Day of Atonement" is a profound day of reconciliation between God and His people. It is a time when the high priest would enter the Holy of Holies to offer sacrifices for the sins of the nation. This day foreshadows the ultimate atonement made by Jesus Christ, the High Priest of the New Covenant, who offered Himself as the perfect sacrifice for the sins of humanity. It is a reminder of God's mercy and the possibility of redemption.

you shall sound it throughout your land
The command to "sound it throughout your land" indicates that the message of the Jubilee is not just for a select few but for the entire nation. It is a call to unity and collective action, emphasizing the communal aspect of God's covenant with Israel. The sounding of the shofar throughout the land symbolizes the pervasive reach of God's grace and the call to holiness that extends to every corner of the community. It is a reminder that God's laws and promises are meant to permeate every aspect of life, bringing freedom and restoration to all.

consecrate the fiftieth year
The term "consecrate" comes from the Hebrew word "qadash," which means to set apart as holy. In the context of the fiftieth year, this consecration signifies a divine appointment, a time set apart by God for a special purpose. The fiftieth year, known as the Jubilee, is a time of restoration and renewal. It reflects God's sovereignty over time and His desire for His people to experience freedom and redemption. The number fifty, in biblical numerology, often symbolizes fullness or completion, indicating that this year is the culmination of a cycle of seven sabbatical years.

proclaim liberty
The Hebrew word for "liberty" is "deror," which conveys the idea of freedom and release. This proclamation is a powerful declaration of God's intention for His people to live in freedom, both physically and spiritually. Historically, this liberty included the release of slaves and the return of property, symbolizing a fresh start and a new beginning. It is a reminder of God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt, reinforcing the theme of redemption that runs throughout Scripture.

in the land
The land of Israel holds significant theological importance as the Promised Land given to the descendants of Abraham. It is a tangible representation of God's covenant and faithfulness. The proclamation of liberty in the land underscores the idea that the land itself is a gift from God, and its use and stewardship are subject to His divine laws. This phrase also highlights the communal aspect of the Jubilee, as the entire nation is called to participate in this sacred observance.

for all its inhabitants
This phrase emphasizes the inclusivity of the Jubilee. The liberty proclaimed is not limited to a select few but is intended for every inhabitant of the land. It reflects God's justice and compassion, ensuring that all people, regardless of their social or economic status, experience the benefits of this holy year. This inclusivity is a foretaste of the ultimate freedom and equality found in Christ, where there is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free.

It shall be a Jubilee for you
The word "Jubilee" comes from the Hebrew "yobel," meaning a ram's horn or trumpet, which was used to announce the beginning of this sacred year. The Jubilee is a time of joy and celebration, a reminder of God's provision and grace. For the Israelites, it was a time to reset and realign with God's purposes, a tangible expression of His mercy and love. Spiritually, the Jubilee points to the ultimate redemption found in Jesus Christ, who proclaimed the "year of the Lord's favor" (Luke 4:19).

each of you is to return to his property
This command underscores the restoration of property rights and the importance of family heritage in Israelite society. The return to one's property symbolizes a restoration of identity and stability, as land ownership was closely tied to one's place within the community. It reflects God's desire for His people to live in harmony and balance, with each family having the means to provide for themselves and contribute to the community.

and to his clan
The concept of the "clan" or "mishpachah" in Hebrew, refers to the extended family unit, which was the foundation of Israelite society. Returning to one's clan during the Jubilee reinforces the importance of family and community ties. It is a call to reconnect with one's roots and to strengthen the bonds of kinship. This return is not just physical but also spiritual, as it encourages a renewal of relationships and a recommitment to living according to God's covenant.

The fiftieth year
The term "fiftieth year" refers to the culmination of a cycle of seven sabbatical years, each lasting seven years, making a total of 49 years. The fiftieth year, therefore, is the Jubilee year, a time of liberation and restoration. In Hebrew, the word for "fifty" is "חֲמִשִּׁים" (chamishim), which signifies a period of completion and renewal. This concept is deeply rooted in the idea of divine order and rest, reflecting God's sovereignty over time and His provision for His people.

shall be a jubilee
The word "jubilee" comes from the Hebrew "יֹבֵל" (yovel), which means "ram's horn" or "trumpet." The Jubilee year was announced with the sounding of a ram's horn on the Day of Atonement, signifying freedom and the return of property. This year was a time of great joy and celebration, as it symbolized God's mercy and the restoration of His people. The Jubilee serves as a powerful reminder of the ultimate redemption and freedom found in Christ, who is our Jubilee.

for you
The phrase "for you" emphasizes the personal and communal nature of the Jubilee. It was a gift from God to the Israelites, intended to benefit the entire community. This highlights the importance of obedience to God's commands and the blessings that follow. The Jubilee was not just a legal requirement but a divine provision for the well-being of His people, ensuring social justice and economic balance.

you are not to sow
The command "you are not to sow" indicates a cessation of agricultural activity during the Jubilee year. In Hebrew, "תִּזְרָע" (tizra) means "to sow" or "to plant." This instruction required the Israelites to trust in God's provision, as they were to refrain from planting crops. It was a test of faith, teaching reliance on God's sustenance and reminding them that the land ultimately belonged to Him.

or reap what grows by itself
The phrase "or reap what grows by itself" refers to the natural produce that would grow without human intervention. In Hebrew, "תִּקְצֹר" (tiktsor) means "to reap" or "to harvest." This command prohibited the Israelites from harvesting volunteer crops, emphasizing the principle of rest and trust in God's provision. It also ensured that the land could recover and rejuvenate, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

or harvest the untended vines
The instruction "or harvest the untended vines" further underscores the theme of rest and reliance on God. In Hebrew, "תִּבְצֹר" (tivtsor) means "to harvest" or "to gather." The untended vines, or "נְזִירֶיהָ" (nezirah), were not to be pruned or harvested, symbolizing a relinquishment of control and a focus on spiritual renewal. This practice pointed to the ultimate rest and restoration found in Christ, who invites us to abide in Him and bear fruit through His Spirit.

For it is a jubilee
The term "jubilee" comes from the Hebrew word "yovel," which refers to the ram's horn trumpet used to proclaim this special year. The Jubilee year, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration. It was a divine reset, where debts were forgiven, slaves were freed, and land was returned to its original owners. This concept underscores God's sovereignty over time and property, reminding the Israelites that the land ultimately belongs to Him. The Jubilee serves as a powerful symbol of God's grace and mercy, offering a glimpse of the ultimate redemption found in Christ.

it shall be holy to you
The word "holy" in Hebrew is "qodesh," meaning set apart or sacred. The Jubilee year was to be treated with reverence and respect, distinct from ordinary years. This holiness signifies a time dedicated to God, where His principles of justice and mercy are paramount. It calls believers to recognize the sacredness of God's commands and the importance of aligning their lives with His will. The holiness of the Jubilee year reflects the holiness God desires in His people, a life set apart for His purposes.

You may eat only what the field produces of itself
This phrase emphasizes reliance on God's provision. During the Jubilee, the Israelites were not to sow or reap in the usual manner but to trust in what the land naturally produced. This command highlights God's role as the ultimate provider and sustainer. It teaches a lesson in faith, encouraging believers to depend on God's provision rather than their own efforts. This reliance on divine provision is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, reminding us of the spiritual nourishment and sustenance found in a relationship with God.

In this Year of Jubilee
The "Year of Jubilee" is a profound concept rooted in the Hebrew word "yovel," which refers to the ram's horn trumpet used to proclaim this special year. The Jubilee year, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration. It reflects God's desire for social justice, economic balance, and spiritual renewal. Historically, the Jubilee served as a divine reset, ensuring that no family in Israel would permanently lose their inheritance. This concept underscores God's sovereignty over the land and His provision for His people, reminding us of the ultimate freedom and restoration found in Christ.

each of you
This phrase emphasizes the individual responsibility and blessing bestowed upon every member of the Israelite community. It highlights the personal nature of God's covenant with His people. Each person, regardless of their social or economic status, was to experience the freedom and restoration of the Jubilee. This inclusivity reflects the biblical principle that all are equal before God and that His promises are available to everyone who follows Him.

shall return
The Hebrew root "shuv" means to return or restore. This word carries a sense of repentance and turning back to God, which is central to the spiritual significance of the Jubilee. It is a call to return not only to one's physical property but also to a right relationship with God and community. The act of returning symbolizes a fresh start and a renewed commitment to live according to God's statutes.

to his own property
The concept of "property" in this context is deeply tied to the Promised Land, which was a tangible sign of God's covenant with Israel. Each family's portion of land was a sacred trust, a gift from God that was not to be permanently sold or lost. This provision ensured that the economic disparities would not become entrenched, and it served as a reminder that the land ultimately belongs to God. Spiritually, it points to the inheritance believers have in Christ, an eternal possession that cannot be taken away.

If you make a sale
The phrase "If you make a sale" introduces the concept of commerce and trade among the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "sale" is מָכַר (makar), which implies a transaction or exchange. In the ancient Near Eastern context, trade was a vital part of daily life, and the Israelites were no exception. This phrase sets the stage for ethical business practices, emphasizing that even in commerce, one's actions should reflect God's righteousness and justice.

to your neighbor
The term "neighbor" in Hebrew is רֵעַ (rea), which can mean a friend, companion, or fellow citizen. This word underscores the communal nature of Israelite society, where relationships were built on mutual respect and care. The use of "neighbor" highlights the importance of maintaining integrity and fairness in dealings with those within one's community, reflecting the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself (Leviticus 19:18).

or buy from your neighbor
This phrase complements the previous one, covering both sides of a transaction—selling and buying. The Hebrew word for "buy" is קָנָה (qanah), which means to acquire or purchase. The inclusion of both buying and selling indicates that ethical standards apply universally in commerce, regardless of one's role in the transaction. It calls for a balanced and fair approach, ensuring that neither party is disadvantaged.

you must not take advantage
The command "you must not take advantage" is a direct prohibition against exploitation. The Hebrew verb עָשַׁק (ashaq) means to oppress or exploit. This directive is rooted in the character of God, who is just and compassionate. It serves as a reminder that God's people are to reflect His nature in their interactions, ensuring that business practices do not harm or exploit others, especially the vulnerable.

of one another
The phrase "of one another" reinforces the mutual responsibility within the community. It implies a reciprocal relationship where each person is accountable to the other. This concept is foundational in the covenant community of Israel, where social justice and equity are paramount. It calls believers to a higher standard of conduct, where the well-being of others is prioritized, reflecting the love and justice of God in every aspect of life.

You are to buy
The Hebrew root for "buy" is קָנָה (qanah), which implies acquiring or purchasing. In the context of Leviticus, this is not merely a commercial transaction but a covenantal act that respects God's laws and the community's well-being. The act of buying here is deeply tied to the concept of stewardship and responsibility, reminding believers that all possessions ultimately belong to God.

from your neighbor
The term "neighbor" in Hebrew is רֵעַ (rea), which can mean friend, companion, or fellow citizen. This emphasizes the communal and relational aspect of transactions. In ancient Israel, the community was tightly knit, and economic dealings were expected to reflect mutual respect and care, reinforcing the idea that one's neighbor is not just a business partner but a brother in faith.

based on the number of years since the Jubilee
The Jubilee, יוֹבֵל (yovel) in Hebrew, was a year of liberation and restoration occurring every 50 years. It was a time when land was returned to original owners and debts were forgiven. This phrase underscores the importance of the Jubilee as a divine reset, ensuring that economic disparities do not become permanent. It reflects God's desire for justice and equity, reminding believers of the temporal nature of earthly possessions.

he is to sell to you
The Hebrew verb מָכַר (makar) means to sell, and it carries the connotation of transferring ownership. In this context, selling is not just a financial transaction but an act that should be governed by fairness and integrity. The seller is reminded to consider the Jubilee cycle, ensuring that the price reflects the time remaining until the next Jubilee, thus preventing exploitation.

based on the number of remaining harvest years
This phrase highlights the agrarian basis of ancient Israelite society, where the economy was closely tied to the land and its produce. The "remaining harvest years" serve as a measure of value, linking the worth of the land to its productivity. This concept teaches believers about the importance of sustainability and the wise use of resources, as well as the need to trust in God's provision through the cycles of nature.

In proportion to a greater number of years
This phrase emphasizes the principle of fairness and equity in economic transactions, rooted in the Hebrew concept of "mishpat," meaning justice or judgment. The context here is the Year of Jubilee, a time when land would return to its original family owners every fifty years. The "greater number of years" refers to the time remaining until the next Jubilee. The longer the period, the more harvests the buyer can expect, thus justifying a higher price. This reflects God's desire for His people to practice fairness and avoid exploitation, ensuring that economic practices honor the dignity and rights of all individuals.

you shall increase the price
The Hebrew root for "increase" is "rabah," which means to multiply or make numerous. This instruction is a practical application of the Jubilee laws, ensuring that the price of land reflects its productive potential over time. It underscores the importance of integrity in business dealings, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture. By increasing the price proportionally, the seller acknowledges the value of the land's future yield, promoting a just and honest transaction.

and in proportion to a lesser number of years
This phrase continues the theme of proportionality and fairness. The "lesser number of years" indicates fewer harvests before the Jubilee, necessitating a lower price. This reflects the Hebrew principle of "tzedek," or righteousness, which calls for equitable treatment in all aspects of life. The instruction serves as a reminder that God's people are to conduct their affairs with an awareness of His justice, ensuring that no one is disadvantaged by the timing of the Jubilee.

you shall decrease the price
The Hebrew word for "decrease" is "ma'at," meaning to diminish or reduce. This command ensures that the economic burden on the buyer is fair and just, considering the limited time they will benefit from the land. It highlights God's concern for the well-being of His people, advocating for a system where economic transactions do not lead to oppression or hardship. This principle of reducing the price aligns with the broader biblical theme of compassion and care for one's neighbor.

for he is selling you a number of harvests
This phrase clarifies the basis for the pricing structure, focusing on the land's productive capacity rather than its intrinsic value. The "number of harvests" represents the potential yield, which is the true commodity being exchanged. This perspective shifts the focus from ownership to stewardship, reminding the Israelites that the land ultimately belongs to God (Leviticus 25:23). It encourages a mindset of responsible management and gratitude for God's provision, reinforcing the idea that all economic activity should reflect His principles of justice and mercy.

Do not take advantage
The Hebrew root for "take advantage" is "yanah," which means to oppress or exploit. In the context of Leviticus, this command is part of the larger Jubilee laws, which emphasize economic justice and social equity. The Israelites were reminded not to exploit their fellow countrymen, especially during times of financial difficulty. This principle underscores the importance of treating others with fairness and integrity, reflecting God's justice and compassion.

of one another
This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of the command. The Israelites were a covenant community, bound together by their relationship with God. The phrase "of one another" highlights the mutual responsibility they had to ensure that no one was mistreated or taken advantage of. It serves as a reminder that in God's community, each person is valued and should be treated with dignity and respect.

but fear your God
The Hebrew word for "fear" is "yare," which can mean to be afraid, but more often in the biblical context, it refers to a deep reverence and awe for God. This reverence is the foundation for ethical behavior. The fear of God is a central theme in the Old Testament, serving as a guiding principle for living a life that honors Him. It is a call to recognize God's authority and to live in a way that reflects His holiness and righteousness.

for I am the LORD
The phrase "I am the LORD" is a powerful declaration of God's identity and authority. The Hebrew name for God here is "Yahweh," which is often translated as "LORD" in English Bibles. This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. By invoking His name, God reminds the Israelites of His sovereignty and the covenantal obligations they have to Him and to each other.

your God
The personal pronoun "your" emphasizes the intimate relationship between God and His people. It is a reminder that God is not a distant deity, but a personal God who is actively involved in the lives of His people. This relationship is the basis for the ethical commands given in Leviticus. As their God, He calls them to reflect His character in their interactions with one another, ensuring that their community is marked by justice, mercy, and love.

You are to keep
The Hebrew word for "keep" is "שָׁמַר" (shamar), which means to guard, protect, or observe. This term implies a vigilant and active engagement with God's commandments. In the ancient Near Eastern context, keeping a covenant was akin to maintaining a sacred trust. For the Israelites, this was not merely a passive acknowledgment but an active, ongoing commitment to live in accordance with God's will. The call to "keep" underscores the importance of faithfulness and obedience as foundational to the covenant relationship between God and His people.

My statutes
The term "statutes" comes from the Hebrew "חֻקִּים" (chuqqim), which refers to decrees or ordinances that are divinely instituted. These are not just arbitrary rules but are seen as expressions of God's holy and unchanging nature. In the historical context of Leviticus, these statutes were given to set Israel apart as a holy nation, distinct from surrounding cultures. They were to be a reflection of God's character and a guide for righteous living.

and carefully observe
The phrase "carefully observe" translates the Hebrew "עָשָׂה" (asah), which means to do, make, or execute. This emphasizes the meticulous and intentional practice of God's laws. It suggests a thorough and conscientious application of God's judgments in daily life. The Israelites were called to a high standard of diligence in their obedience, reflecting a heart fully devoted to God.

My judgments
"Judgments" is derived from the Hebrew "מִשְׁפָּטִים" (mishpatim), which refers to legal decisions or ordinances. These are the specific applications of God's law, often dealing with justice and ethical conduct. In the biblical context, God's judgments were seen as fair and righteous, providing a framework for societal order and personal morality. They were intended to ensure justice and equity within the community.

so that you may dwell
The phrase "dwell" comes from the Hebrew "יָשַׁב" (yashab), meaning to sit, remain, or inhabit. This word conveys a sense of stability and permanence. For the Israelites, dwelling in the land was not just about physical residence but about enjoying the fullness of God's promises and blessings. It implies a settled and secure life under God's provision and protection.

securely
The Hebrew word for "securely" is "לָבֶטַח" (labetach), which means in safety or confidence. This term reflects the peace and assurance that comes from living in accordance with God's will. In the ancient world, security was a rare and precious commodity, often threatened by external enemies and internal strife. God's promise of security was a profound assurance of His faithfulness and care for His people.

in the land
The phrase "in the land" refers to the Promised Land, a central theme in the covenant relationship between God and Israel. The land was not just a physical territory but a symbol of God's promise and blessing. It represented a place where God's people could live out their calling as a holy nation. The land was to be a place of rest, abundance, and divine presence, contingent upon the people's obedience to God's statutes and judgments.

Then the land
The phrase "the land" in Hebrew is "הָאָרֶץ" (ha'aretz), which refers specifically to the Promised Land given to the Israelites by God. This land was not just a physical territory but a divine gift, a place where God's people could live in covenant relationship with Him. The land was to be a reflection of God's provision and faithfulness. Historically, the land of Canaan was a fertile region, and its productivity was seen as a direct blessing from God. The promise of the land yielding its fruit is contingent upon the Israelites' obedience to God's commands, particularly the observance of the Sabbatical and Jubilee years outlined in Leviticus 25.

will yield its fruit
The Hebrew word for "yield" is "נָתַן" (natan), meaning to give or produce. This implies a natural and abundant provision from the land, a direct result of God's blessing. The "fruit" symbolizes not only agricultural produce but also the prosperity and sustenance that come from living in accordance with God's laws. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a land yielding fruit was a sign of divine favor and a stable society. The Israelites were to trust in God's provision, especially during the Sabbatical year when they were commanded to let the land rest.

so that you can eat your fill
The phrase "eat your fill" suggests satisfaction and abundance. In Hebrew, "לָשֹׂבַע" (lasova) conveys the idea of being satiated or having enough. This promise of fullness is a reassurance of God's provision, contrasting with the scarcity and famine that could result from disobedience. Eating one's fill is a tangible expression of God's care and a reminder of the manna provided in the wilderness. It underscores the principle that obedience to God leads to physical and spiritual nourishment.

and dwell in safety
"Dwell in safety" in Hebrew is "וִישַׁבְתֶּם לָבֶטַח" (viyshavtem lavetach). The word "safety" (בֶטַח, betach) implies security, peace, and confidence. This safety is not merely the absence of conflict but a profound sense of well-being that comes from God's protection. In the historical context, the Israelites faced threats from surrounding nations, and their security was directly linked to their faithfulness to God. The promise of safety is a covenantal blessing, emphasizing that true security is found in God's presence and provision.

upon it
The phrase "upon it" refers back to the land, emphasizing the connection between the Israelites' obedience and their experience of God's blessings in the land. The land is not just a backdrop for their lives but an integral part of their covenant relationship with God. Living "upon it" in safety and abundance is a foretaste of the ultimate rest and peace promised in God's eternal kingdom. This phrase serves as a reminder that the land is both a gift and a responsibility, calling the Israelites to faithful stewardship and trust in God's promises.

Now you may wonder
This phrase introduces a common human concern about the future and provision. In Hebrew, the word for "wonder" can imply a deep questioning or pondering. It reflects the natural human tendency to worry about sustenance and security, especially when faced with divine instructions that challenge conventional wisdom. This sets the stage for a teaching moment about faith and reliance on God's provision.

What will we eat
The question of "What will we eat" is a fundamental human concern, echoing the Israelites' dependence on God for daily sustenance. In the wilderness, God provided manna, teaching them to trust in His provision. This phrase reminds believers that God is aware of their needs and has plans to meet them, even when circumstances seem uncertain.

in the seventh year
The "seventh year" refers to the Sabbatical year, a time of rest for the land as commanded in Leviticus 25:4. This year of rest is a test of faith, requiring the Israelites to trust that God will provide enough in the sixth year to sustain them through the seventh. It is a reminder of the creation pattern, where God rested on the seventh day, and a call to trust in His sovereignty and provision.

if we do not sow or gather our produce
The act of not sowing or gathering is a radical departure from the agrarian lifestyle, which depended on regular planting and harvesting. This command challenges the Israelites to rely not on their efforts but on God's promise of provision. Historically, this practice would have set Israel apart from surrounding nations, serving as a testament to their unique covenant relationship with God. It underscores the principle that true security comes not from human effort but from divine faithfulness.

I will send My blessing
This phrase underscores the divine initiative and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew word for "blessing" is "בְּרָכָה" (berakah), which implies a gift or favor bestowed by God. In the context of Leviticus, God's blessing is not merely a spiritual or abstract concept but a tangible provision that affects the Israelites' daily lives. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where obedience to God's commands results in His favor and provision. Theologically, it emphasizes God's role as the ultimate provider, reminding believers that all sustenance and prosperity come from Him.

upon you
The phrase "upon you" indicates a direct and personal action from God to His people. It suggests an intimate relationship where God's blessings are not just general but specifically targeted to the needs of His people. In the Hebrew context, this personal attention from God would have been a source of great comfort and assurance, reinforcing the idea that God is actively involved in the lives of His covenant people.

in the sixth year
The sixth year is significant in the context of the sabbatical cycle described in Leviticus 25. Every seventh year was to be a Sabbath year, a time when the land was to rest and not be sown or harvested. The sixth year, therefore, required a special provision from God to sustain the people through the Sabbath year. This highlights the faith required to trust in God's provision, as the Israelites had to rely on the abundance of the sixth year's harvest to carry them through the seventh year. It also points to the rhythm of work and rest ordained by God, teaching reliance on His timing and provision.

so that it will yield
The phrase "so that it will yield" indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between God's blessing and the productivity of the land. The Hebrew root "עָשָׂה" (asah) means to do, make, or produce, emphasizing that the land's ability to yield is a direct result of God's intervention. This reflects the biblical principle that human effort alone is insufficient without God's blessing. It serves as a reminder that while humans are called to work and steward creation, it is ultimately God who grants success and fruitfulness.

a crop sufficient for three years
This promise of a "crop sufficient for three years" is a miraculous provision that underscores God's power and faithfulness. The number three in biblical terms often signifies completeness or divine perfection. In this context, it assures the Israelites of God's complete provision during the Sabbath year and beyond. Historically, this would have been a profound assurance to an agrarian society dependent on the land for survival. Spiritually, it serves as a metaphor for God's abundant grace, which is more than sufficient to meet the needs of His people, encouraging believers to trust in His provision even when circumstances seem uncertain.

While you are sowing
This phrase indicates a period of active agricultural work, specifically the act of planting seeds. In the Hebrew context, sowing is a significant act of faith and obedience, as it involves trusting God for the growth and provision of crops. The Hebrew root for sowing, "zara," implies scattering seed, which is an act of hope and expectation for future growth. This reflects the broader biblical principle of sowing and reaping, where one's actions and faithfulness lead to future blessings.

in the eighth year
The eighth year follows the sabbatical year, or "Shemitah," a year of rest for the land as commanded in Leviticus 25:4. The number eight in biblical numerology often signifies new beginnings and renewal. After a year of rest, the land is ready to be cultivated again, symbolizing a fresh start and God's provision for His people. This cycle of rest and renewal underscores the importance of trusting in God's timing and provision.

you will be eating
This phrase emphasizes God's promise of provision. Despite the land lying fallow during the sabbatical year, God assures His people that they will have enough to eat. The Hebrew word for eating, "akal," not only refers to physical sustenance but also implies satisfaction and enjoyment. This reflects the biblical theme that God provides abundantly for those who trust in Him.

from the previous harvest
The mention of the "previous harvest" highlights God's miraculous provision. The Israelites are reminded that the bounty from the sixth year will sustain them through the seventh and into the eighth year. This is a testament to God's faithfulness and the supernatural nature of His provision, as the land produces enough in one year to last for three. It serves as a reminder of the manna in the wilderness, where God provided daily sustenance for His people.

You will be eating until the ninth year
This phrase extends the promise of provision even further, ensuring that the people will have enough to eat until the new harvest is ready. The continuity of God's provision is emphasized, reinforcing the idea that reliance on God leads to security and abundance. The ninth year represents the completion of a cycle and the beginning of another, symbolizing God's unending faithfulness.

when its harvest comes in
The arrival of the new harvest signifies the fulfillment of God's promise and the reward for the people's faith and obedience. The Hebrew word for harvest, "qatsir," denotes the gathering of crops and is often associated with joy and celebration. This culmination of the agricultural cycle serves as a metaphor for spiritual harvest, where faithfulness and patience yield blessings and spiritual growth. The harvest is a time of rejoicing and gratitude, acknowledging God's provision and care.

The land
In the Hebrew text, the word for "land" is "אֶרֶץ" (eretz), which can refer to the earth, a country, or a specific territory. In the context of Leviticus, it specifically refers to the Promised Land given to the Israelites. This land was a divine gift, a tangible sign of God's covenant with His people. The land was not just a physical space but a spiritual inheritance, symbolizing God's promise and faithfulness.

must not be sold permanently
The Hebrew phrase here implies a prohibition against the permanent sale of land. The word "מִכְרָה" (mikhrah) means "sale," and the context suggests a transaction that would transfer ownership indefinitely. This command underscores the temporary stewardship of the Israelites over the land. It reflects the principle that the land is not a commodity to be traded at will but a sacred trust from God, meant to be preserved for future generations.

because the land is Mine
This declaration is central to understanding the theology of land in the Old Testament. The possessive "Mine" (לִי, li) emphasizes God's ultimate ownership. The land belongs to God, and He grants it to the Israelites as a trust. This concept is foundational, reminding the Israelites of their dependence on God and their role as caretakers rather than absolute owners. It calls for humility and responsibility in their relationship with the land.

and you are but foreigners and sojourners
The terms "foreigners" (גֵּרִים, gerim) and "sojourners" (תּוֹשָׁבִים, toshavim) highlight the transient nature of human existence. Despite being the chosen people, the Israelites are reminded of their temporary status on earth. This perspective encourages a mindset of stewardship rather than ownership, aligning with the broader biblical narrative that life on earth is a pilgrimage towards a heavenly homeland.

with Me
The phrase "with Me" (עִמָּדִי, immadi) is a profound reminder of God's presence and partnership with His people. It signifies that their journey and their stewardship of the land are done in communion with God. This relationship is not distant or detached; rather, it is intimate and ongoing. The Israelites are called to live in a way that reflects their identity as God's people, walking alongside Him in faith and obedience.

Thus
The word "thus" serves as a connective term, linking the preceding instructions about the Year of Jubilee and the redemption of property to the specific command in this verse. It indicates a continuation and application of God's law, emphasizing the importance of obedience to His statutes. In the Hebrew text, this is often a translation of the word "וְ" (vav), which is a conjunction that can mean "and," "so," or "then," underscoring the logical flow of God's commandments.

for every piece of property
This phrase highlights the comprehensive nature of the command. The Hebrew word for "property" is "אֲחֻזָּה" (achuzzah), which refers to a possession or inheritance. In ancient Israel, land was not merely a commodity but a divine gift and a symbol of God's covenant with His people. Each piece of land was tied to familial and tribal identity, reflecting God's promise to Abraham and his descendants. The land was to remain within the family, ensuring stability and continuity of God's blessings.

you possess
The term "possess" in Hebrew is "תִּהְיֶה" (tiheyeh), which implies ownership or holding. However, in the biblical context, this ownership is not absolute. The Israelites were stewards of the land, with God as the ultimate owner. This stewardship required them to manage the land according to God's laws, recognizing His sovereignty and their responsibility to future generations.

you must provide
The phrase "you must provide" indicates an obligation or duty. The Hebrew root "נָתַן" (natan) means "to give" or "to provide." This command underscores the proactive role the Israelites were to take in ensuring the redemption of the land. It was not a passive allowance but an active provision, reflecting God's desire for justice and restoration within the community.

for the redemption
"Redemption" is a key theological concept in the Bible, derived from the Hebrew word "גְּאֻלָּה" (ge'ullah). It involves the act of buying back or reclaiming something that was lost or sold. In the context of Leviticus, it refers to the restoration of land to its original family, symbolizing God's redemptive work in restoring His people. This principle foreshadows the ultimate redemption through Christ, who redeems humanity from sin.

of the land
The "land" in Hebrew is "הָאָרֶץ" (ha'aretz), which not only refers to the physical territory but also carries spiritual significance. The land of Israel was a tangible representation of God's promise and faithfulness. It was a place where His people could live in covenant relationship with Him. The command to redeem the land reflects God's concern for justice, equity, and the well-being of His people, ensuring that the land remains a blessing for all generations.

If your brother
The term "brother" here is not limited to a biological sibling but extends to a fellow Israelite, emphasizing the communal and covenantal relationship among the people of Israel. The Hebrew word "אָח" (ach) signifies a close kinship, reflecting the familial bond that God intended for His people. This concept underscores the importance of community and mutual responsibility within the covenant community.

becomes impoverished
The Hebrew word "מוּךְ" (mukh) is used here, indicating a state of poverty or financial decline. This reflects the reality of economic hardship that could befall anyone, reminding the Israelites of the vulnerability inherent in human life. It also highlights God's concern for the poor and His provision for their welfare through the laws He established.

and sells some of his property
The act of selling property, particularly land, was a significant decision in ancient Israel, as land was a primary source of sustenance and identity. The Hebrew term "מָכַר" (makar) implies a transaction that is often a last resort due to financial distress. This phrase points to the gravity of the situation and the need for a compassionate response from the community.

his nearest kinsman
The "nearest kinsman" or "goel" in Hebrew, is a key figure in the redemption process. The term "גֹּאֵל" (goel) refers to a family member who has the responsibility to act on behalf of a relative in need. This role is deeply rooted in the cultural and legal traditions of Israel, reflecting God's design for familial support and redemption.

is to come and redeem
The concept of "redeem" is central to the biblical narrative, with the Hebrew word "גָּאַל" (ga'al) meaning to buy back or restore. This action is not merely a financial transaction but a profound act of restoration and mercy, mirroring God's redemptive work for His people. It underscores the theme of redemption that runs throughout Scripture, pointing ultimately to Christ's redemptive work.

what his brother has sold
This phrase emphasizes the restoration of what was lost due to poverty. The act of redemption restores the brother's inheritance and dignity, ensuring that the family line and its connection to the land are preserved. It reflects God's justice and mercy, ensuring that His people live in a society marked by compassion and equity.

Or if a man has no one to redeem it
In the context of ancient Israel, the concept of redemption was deeply rooted in the social and familial structures. The Hebrew word for "redeem" is "ga'al," which implies a kinsman-redeemer, a close relative who would step in to restore the property or person to their rightful place. This reflects God's provision for community and family support, ensuring that no one is left without hope or help. The absence of a redeemer highlights the vulnerability of individuals who might find themselves without immediate family support, yet it also sets the stage for divine intervention and personal responsibility.

but he himself prospers
The phrase "he himself prospers" suggests a change in fortune, where the individual experiences a blessing or increase in resources. The Hebrew root "kasaph" can mean to gain or to succeed, indicating that God’s providence can lead to personal restoration. This prosperity is not merely financial but can be seen as a holistic improvement in one's circumstances, reflecting the biblical principle that God blesses those who are faithful and diligent. It underscores the importance of personal responsibility and the potential for self-recovery through God's grace.

and acquires enough to redeem his land
The act of acquiring enough to redeem the land signifies a return to one's inheritance and rightful place within the community. The Hebrew word "qanah" means to acquire or purchase, emphasizing the effort and diligence required to regain what was lost. This reflects the biblical theme of restoration and the hope that, through God’s provision and personal effort, one can reclaim their God-given inheritance. The land, in biblical terms, is not just property but a symbol of identity, heritage, and divine promise. This phrase encourages believers to trust in God's provision and to take active steps towards restoration and fulfillment of His promises.

he shall calculate
The Hebrew word for "calculate" is "ḥāšab," which means to think, plan, or reckon. This word implies a thoughtful and deliberate process, emphasizing the importance of fairness and justice in transactions. In the context of the Jubilee laws, it underscores the need for careful consideration in restoring property, reflecting God's desire for equity and restoration among His people.

the years since its sale
This phrase highlights the temporal aspect of property transactions in ancient Israel. The concept of time here is crucial, as it determines the value of the property and the amount to be refunded. The Jubilee system, which occurred every 50 years, was designed to prevent perpetual poverty and ensure that families could reclaim their ancestral land, maintaining the social and economic balance intended by God.

refund the balance
The term "refund" comes from the Hebrew "šûb," meaning to return or restore. This reflects the biblical principle of restitution, where wrongs are righted, and fairness is restored. The "balance" refers to the remaining value of the property based on the years left until the next Jubilee. This ensures that neither party is unjustly enriched or impoverished, aligning with God's justice.

to the man to whom he sold it
This phrase indicates the personal nature of transactions and relationships in ancient Israel. Property sales were not merely economic exchanges but involved personal trust and community relationships. The law required the original seller to deal directly with the buyer, fostering accountability and integrity within the community.

and return to his own property
The Hebrew word for "return" is again "šûb," emphasizing restoration. The concept of "own property" is significant in the biblical context, as land was a divine inheritance for the Israelites. Each family’s portion of land was a gift from God, meant to be preserved through generations. This return symbolizes God's faithfulness and the restoration of His intended order, reminding the Israelites of their identity and covenant relationship with Him.

But if he cannot obtain enough to repay him
This phrase addresses the situation of an Israelite who has sold his property due to financial hardship. The Hebrew root for "obtain enough" is "matsa," which means to find or secure. This reflects the struggle and effort required to regain one's lost inheritance. In the ancient agrarian society of Israel, land was not just property but a God-given inheritance, a source of identity and sustenance. The inability to "repay" signifies a deeper social and economic vulnerability, highlighting the need for divine provision and community support.

what he sold will remain in the hands of the buyer
The phrase "will remain in the hands of the buyer" underscores the temporary transfer of property rights. In ancient Israel, land transactions were not permanent; they were more akin to long-term leases. The Hebrew word "yad," translated as "hands," often symbolizes power or control. This indicates that the buyer has control over the land, but this control is not absolute or eternal. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of human ownership in contrast to God's ultimate sovereignty over the land.

until the Year of Jubilee
The "Year of Jubilee" is a central theme in Leviticus 25, representing a time of liberation and restoration. The Hebrew word "yovel" refers to the ram's horn trumpet used to announce this year. Historically, the Jubilee occurred every 50th year and was a time when debts were forgiven, slaves were freed, and land was returned to its original family owners. This practice reflects God's desire for social justice, economic balance, and the restoration of community relationships. It serves as a powerful symbol of hope and renewal, pointing to the ultimate redemption found in Christ.

In the Jubilee it will be returned
The phrase "it will be returned" emphasizes the restoration of the original order. The Hebrew verb "shuv" means to return or restore, signifying a reversal of fortunes and a return to God's intended design for His people. This act of returning land is not just a legal transaction but a divine mandate that ensures the preservation of family heritage and social stability. It reflects God's grace and mercy, offering a fresh start and a reminder of His covenant faithfulness.

and he can return to his property
The final phrase, "he can return to his property," highlights the personal and familial restoration that the Jubilee brings. The Hebrew word "achuzah" for "property" denotes a possession or inheritance, emphasizing the deep connection between the people and the land. This return is not merely physical but also spiritual, as it restores the individual's place within the community and reaffirms their identity as part of God's chosen people. It serves as a foretaste of the ultimate restoration and inheritance believers have in Christ, where all things will be made new.

If a man sells a house
This phrase introduces the concept of property transactions within ancient Israelite society. The Hebrew word for "sells" is "מָכַר" (makar), which implies a transfer of ownership. In the context of Leviticus, selling a house was not merely a financial transaction but a significant familial and social decision. Houses were often tied to family heritage and identity, reflecting the deep connection between the Israelites and the land God had given them.

in a walled city
The specification of "a walled city" is crucial. Walled cities were centers of trade, security, and community life. The Hebrew term "עִיר חוֹמָה" (ir chomah) indicates a fortified settlement, which provided protection and a sense of permanence. The walls symbolized not only physical security but also a boundary of cultural and religious identity. This distinction highlights the difference in property laws between urban and rural settings, emphasizing the unique status of urban properties.

his right of redemption
The "right of redemption" is a key concept in Levitical law, rooted in the Hebrew word "גְּאֻלָּה" (ge'ullah). This right allowed the original owner or a close relative to reclaim property, reflecting God's desire for restoration and continuity within the community. Redemption laws underscored the importance of family and tribal inheritance, ensuring that property remained within the original family line, thus maintaining the social and economic stability ordained by God.

shall last a full year
The time frame of "a full year" (Hebrew: "תָּמִים שָׁנָה" - tamim shanah) provided a period of grace and reflection. This year-long period allowed the seller to gather resources or for a kinsman-redeemer to intervene. It reflects God's mercy and patience, offering a window for repentance and restoration. The full year symbolizes completeness and sufficiency, aligning with the biblical theme of God's perfect timing.

after its sale
The phrase "after its sale" indicates the point from which the redemption period is calculated. The sale marks a temporary separation from one's inheritance, but the provision for redemption ensures that this separation is not necessarily permanent. This reflects the biblical principle that God's people are never beyond the reach of His redemptive power, even when they have made decisions that lead to loss.

during that year it may be redeemed
The possibility that "it may be redeemed" during the specified year emphasizes hope and restoration. The Hebrew verb "גָּאַל" (ga'al) for "redeemed" is rich with theological significance, often used to describe God's redemptive acts for Israel. This provision mirrors the greater narrative of redemption found throughout Scripture, where God continually seeks to restore His people to their rightful place and relationship with Him. The opportunity for redemption is a testament to God's enduring faithfulness and grace.

If it is not redeemed
The concept of redemption in the Hebrew Bible is deeply rooted in the idea of restoration and deliverance. The Hebrew word for "redeemed" is "ga'al," which means to buy back or reclaim. This reflects God's overarching plan of redemption for His people, symbolizing spiritual restoration. In the context of Leviticus, it emphasizes the importance of family and community ties, where property could be reclaimed to maintain familial inheritance.

by the end of a full year
The phrase "full year" indicates a complete cycle of time, emphasizing the patience and opportunity given for redemption. In ancient Israel, the year was marked by agricultural and religious cycles, underscoring the rhythm of life and God's provision. This period allowed the original owner ample time to gather resources to redeem the property, reflecting God's grace and mercy.

then the house in the walled city
Houses within walled cities were considered more permanent and valuable due to their protection and strategic importance. The Hebrew term for "walled city" is "ir chomah," indicating a fortified place. This distinction between urban and rural properties highlights the different economic and social dynamics in ancient Israel, where urban properties were less tied to family land and more to commerce and trade.

shall belong permanently to the buyer and his descendants
The permanence of the transaction after a year signifies a legal and binding change of ownership. The Hebrew word "la'ad" (permanently) underscores the finality of the transfer. This reflects the balance between justice and mercy in God's law, where opportunities for redemption are provided, but there are also consequences for inaction.

It will not be released in the Jubilee
The Jubilee year, occurring every 50th year, was a time of liberation and restoration, where lands and properties were returned to their original families. The Hebrew term "yovel" (Jubilee) signifies a trumpet blast, heralding freedom. However, properties in walled cities were exceptions to this rule, highlighting the unique nature of urban property rights and the importance of maintaining economic stability and continuity in city life. This exception serves as a reminder of the balance between divine justice and human responsibility.

But houses in villages without walls
The phrase "houses in villages without walls" refers to dwellings in rural areas that lack the fortifications typical of urban centers. In ancient Israel, walled cities provided security and a sense of permanence, while unwalled villages were more vulnerable and transient. The Hebrew word for "village" (חָצֵר, "chatser") can also mean "courtyard" or "settlement," indicating a community setting. This distinction highlights the difference in property rights and redemption laws between urban and rural areas, emphasizing the importance of community and shared responsibility in less fortified, more communal living spaces.

are to be considered as open fields
The comparison to "open fields" (שָׂדֶה, "sadeh") suggests that these houses are treated similarly to agricultural land. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, fields were vital for sustenance and economic stability. By equating houses in unwalled villages with open fields, the text underscores their integral role in the community's livelihood and the flexibility in their redemption. This reflects God's provision and care for all aspects of life, ensuring that even those in less secure environments have opportunities for restoration and redemption.

they can be redeemed
The concept of redemption (גָּאַל, "ga'al") is central to the biblical narrative, symbolizing the act of reclaiming or buying back something lost. In the context of Leviticus, redemption laws provided a means for families to recover property sold due to economic hardship. This provision reflects God's justice and mercy, ensuring that individuals and families have the opportunity to regain their inheritance and maintain their place within the covenant community. It serves as a reminder of God's ultimate redemption plan for humanity through Christ.

and may be released in the Jubilee
The Jubilee (יֹבֵל, "yovel") was a year of liberation and restoration occurring every fifty years, during which debts were forgiven, and properties returned to their original owners. This practice ensured that economic disparities did not become permanent, promoting social equality and justice. The release of properties during the Jubilee symbolizes God's desire for freedom and restoration, pointing to the ultimate liberation found in Christ. It serves as a powerful reminder of the hope and renewal available to all believers, encouraging them to live in light of God's redemptive purposes.

As for the cities of the Levites
The Levites were one of the twelve tribes of Israel, set apart for religious duties and service to God. Unlike other tribes, they were not given a large portion of land but were instead allocated specific cities within the territories of other tribes. This arrangement underscores their unique role as spiritual leaders and caretakers of the tabernacle. The cities of the Levites were strategically placed to ensure that they could minister to the entire nation, symbolizing the pervasive presence of God’s law and guidance throughout Israel.

the Levites always have the right
The phrase "always have the right" indicates a perpetual privilege granted to the Levites. This right is not temporary or conditional but is a lasting ordinance. It reflects God's provision and care for those who serve Him, ensuring that the Levites, who had no inheritance of land, were still provided for. This perpetual right also emphasizes the importance of maintaining the spiritual integrity and heritage of the Levitical cities.

to redeem their houses
The concept of redemption here is deeply rooted in the Hebrew word "ga'al," which means to buy back or reclaim. This provision allowed the Levites to reclaim their property if they had to sell it due to financial hardship. It highlights the value God places on family heritage and continuity, ensuring that the Levites could maintain their homes and continue their sacred duties without the fear of permanent loss.

in the cities they possess
The cities possessed by the Levites were not just places of residence but were centers of worship, teaching, and community life. The possession of these cities was a divine mandate, ensuring that the Levites could fulfill their role as intermediaries between God and the people. This phrase underscores the idea that their possession was not merely physical but also spiritual, as they were entrusted with the responsibility of upholding and teaching God’s laws.

So whatever belongs to the Levites
The Levites were a unique tribe in Israel, set apart for religious duties and service to God. The Hebrew root for "Levites" is לֵוִי (Levi), which means "joined" or "attached." This reflects their role as those who are joined to God’s service. Historically, the Levites did not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes, as their inheritance was the Lord Himself (Numbers 18:20). This phrase emphasizes the special status and rights of the Levites within the Israelite community.

may be redeemed
The concept of redemption in Hebrew is גָּאַל (ga'al), meaning to buy back or reclaim. This reflects the broader biblical theme of redemption, where God redeems His people from bondage and sin. In the context of Leviticus, it underscores the provision for the Levites to reclaim their property, ensuring their sustenance and stability. This redemption is a precursor to the ultimate redemption found in Christ, who redeems humanity from sin.

a house sold in a city they possess
The Levites were given cities to dwell in, as they did not have a large territory like other tribes (Numbers 35:2-3). The phrase highlights the importance of maintaining the Levites' dwelling places, ensuring they remain within the community to perform their priestly duties. The sale of a house in these cities was not permanent, reflecting the temporary nature of earthly possessions and pointing to the eternal home believers have in heaven.

and must be released in the Jubilee
The Jubilee, or יוֹבֵל (yovel) in Hebrew, was a year of liberation and restoration occurring every 50th year. It was a time when debts were forgiven, and land was returned to its original owners. This release symbolizes God's desire for freedom and restoration for His people. The Jubilee foreshadows the ultimate liberation found in Christ, who sets captives free and restores what was lost.

because the houses in the cities of the Levites
This phrase reiterates the significance of the Levites' cities as their rightful possession. The Levites' role required them to be dispersed among the Israelites, providing spiritual guidance and instruction. Their cities served as centers of worship and teaching, emphasizing the importance of maintaining these spiritual hubs within the community.

are their possession among the Israelites
The Hebrew word for "possession" is אֲחֻזָּה (achuzzah), meaning property or inheritance. This underscores the Levites' unique inheritance among the Israelites, which was not land but their service to God and His people. This possession is a reminder of the spiritual inheritance believers have in Christ, which is far greater than any earthly possession.

But the open fields
The phrase "open fields" refers to the lands surrounding the Levitical cities. In Hebrew, the word for "fields" is "migrash," which denotes pasturelands or common lands. These lands were essential for the sustenance of the Levites, who were set apart for religious duties and did not receive a tribal inheritance like the other Israelites. The open fields provided space for livestock and agriculture, ensuring the Levites could sustain themselves and fulfill their spiritual roles. This provision underscores God's care for those dedicated to His service, ensuring they have the necessary resources to live and serve.

around their cities
The Levites were given specific cities to inhabit, scattered throughout the tribes of Israel. The phrase "around their cities" indicates the geographical allocation of these lands. Historically, this arrangement allowed the Levites to be present among all the tribes, serving as spiritual leaders and teachers of the Law. This distribution highlights the importance of spiritual guidance being accessible to all of God's people, reinforcing the idea that spiritual leadership should be integrated into the daily lives of the community.

may not be sold
The prohibition against selling these lands emphasizes the permanence of the Levites' inheritance. In Hebrew, the word "sold" is "makar," which implies a transfer of ownership. By forbidding the sale, God ensured that the Levites' means of sustenance and their role within the community remained intact. This command reflects the broader biblical principle of stewardship over ownership, where God's people are called to manage resources according to His purposes rather than personal gain.

for this is their permanent possession
The term "permanent possession" in Hebrew is "achuzzah olam," signifying an everlasting inheritance. This phrase underscores the enduring nature of God's provision for the Levites. Unlike other Israelites who could sell and redeem their land, the Levites' lands were to remain with them perpetually. This permanence symbolizes the eternal nature of God's covenant with His people and His unwavering commitment to provide for those who serve Him. It serves as a reminder of the eternal inheritance promised to believers, encouraging them to focus on spiritual rather than temporal wealth.

Now if your brother
The term "brother" in this context extends beyond biological relations to encompass fellow Israelites, emphasizing the communal and covenantal nature of the Israelite society. The Hebrew word used here is "אָח" (ach), which signifies a close kinship bond. This reflects the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and the importance of community solidarity.

becomes destitute
The Hebrew root for "destitute" is "מוּךְ" (mukh), which means to become poor or impoverished. This word choice highlights the vulnerability and need for compassion within the community. It underscores the reality that anyone can fall into hardship, and it is the responsibility of the community to provide support.

and cannot support himself
This phrase indicates a situation where an individual is unable to sustain their basic needs. The Hebrew context suggests a loss of means or resources, pointing to the importance of economic justice and the provision of aid to those in need. It calls for a proactive response from the community to prevent further decline.

among you
The phrase "among you" emphasizes the presence and integration of the individual within the community. It serves as a reminder that the community is interconnected, and the well-being of one affects the whole. This reflects the biblical principle of mutual responsibility and care.

you are to help him
The directive "you are to help him" is a command, not a suggestion, indicating the moral obligation to assist those in need. The Hebrew verb "חָזַק" (chazaq) implies strengthening or supporting, suggesting that the aid provided should empower the individual to regain stability and dignity.

as you would a foreigner or stranger
This comparison to a "foreigner or stranger" (Hebrew: "גֵּר" ger) is significant, as it highlights the inclusive nature of God's law. The Israelites were reminded of their own history as strangers in Egypt, fostering empathy and equitable treatment for all, regardless of their status.

so that he can continue to live
The purpose of the assistance is to ensure that the individual can "continue to live" within the community. This phrase underscores the value of life and the importance of sustaining it through communal support. It reflects the biblical theme of life preservation and the sanctity of human dignity.

among you
Reiterating the phrase "among you" at the end of the verse reinforces the idea of community and belonging. It serves as a bookend to the verse, emphasizing that the goal of assistance is not just survival, but continued integration and participation in the life of the community. This reflects the biblical vision of a society where all members are valued and supported.

Do not take any interest or profit from him
The Hebrew word for "interest" is "neshekh," which literally means "a bite." This term is used metaphorically to describe the financial burden or "bite" that interest can impose on a borrower. In ancient Israel, the economy was largely agrarian, and loans were often sought out of necessity rather than for business expansion. The prohibition against charging interest to fellow Israelites was a safeguard against exploitation and ensured that the community remained supportive and compassionate. This command reflects God's desire for His people to practice justice and mercy, emphasizing the importance of relationships over financial gain.

but fear your God
The Hebrew word for "fear" is "yare," which encompasses a profound respect, reverence, and awe for God. This phrase serves as a reminder that the Israelites' actions towards one another should be governed by their relationship with God. The fear of God is a central theme throughout the Bible, encouraging believers to live in a way that honors Him. It is not a fear of punishment, but a recognition of God's holiness and authority. By fearing God, the Israelites were to reflect His character in their dealings with each other, promoting a community built on trust and integrity.

so that your countryman may continue to live among you
The phrase "continue to live" underscores the importance of community and the well-being of every individual within it. The Hebrew word "chayah" means to live or to have life, indicating not just survival but a flourishing existence. This commandment is rooted in the covenant relationship between God and His people, where the welfare of each member is a collective responsibility. By prohibiting interest, God ensures that no one is driven into poverty or despair, thus maintaining the social fabric of Israel. This reflects the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to thrive within the community.

You must not
This phrase establishes a direct command from God, emphasizing the moral and ethical obligations of the Israelites. The Hebrew root here is "lo," a strong negative imperative, indicating a prohibition. In the context of the Mosaic Law, this command underscores the importance of community and compassion over personal gain. It reflects God's desire for His people to act justly and mercifully, aligning with His character.

lend him your silver
The act of lending is rooted in the Hebrew word "nashah," which implies a relationship of trust and support. Silver, often used as currency, symbolizes wealth and resources. In ancient Israel, lending was a means of providing for those in need, not a business transaction. This phrase calls believers to view their resources as tools for service and support, rather than for exploitation.

with interest
The Hebrew term "neshekh" refers to the practice of charging interest, which was common in surrounding cultures but prohibited among the Israelites. This prohibition is rooted in the principle of brotherhood and equality among God's people. Charging interest could lead to oppression and inequality, contrary to the community God intended. This reflects a divine economy based on generosity and mutual care.

or sell him your food
Food, a basic necessity, is highlighted here to stress the importance of meeting essential needs without seeking profit. The Hebrew word "makar" means to sell, but in this context, it implies a transaction that should be free from exploitation. This command encourages believers to prioritize the well-being of others, ensuring that no one goes hungry or is taken advantage of in their vulnerability.

for profit
The phrase "for profit" translates from the Hebrew "marbit," which denotes gain or increase. In the ancient Near Eastern context, profit from essential goods like food could lead to the impoverishment of others. This command challenges believers to examine their motives and actions, promoting a spirit of generosity and selflessness. It calls for a community where resources are shared equitably, reflecting God's provision and care for all His people.

I am the LORD your God
This phrase is a powerful declaration of identity and authority. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "YHWH," often pronounced as Yahweh, which is the personal name of God revealed to Moses. It signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature. The phrase "your God" emphasizes a personal relationship with the Israelites, indicating a covenantal bond. This declaration serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His unique relationship with His chosen people, setting the foundation for the laws and commandments given to them.

who brought you out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the historical event of the Exodus, where God delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The Hebrew word for "brought" is "yatsa," which means to go out or come forth. This act of deliverance is central to Israel's identity and faith, symbolizing God's power and faithfulness. It serves as a constant reminder of God's saving grace and His ability to rescue His people from oppression, reinforcing their trust and obedience to Him.

to give you the land of Canaan
The phrase highlights God's promise and provision. The land of Canaan represents the fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The Hebrew word for "give" is "natan," which implies a gift or grant. This land was not earned by the Israelites but was a divine inheritance. It symbolizes God's faithfulness to His promises and His desire to bless His people with a place of rest and abundance, where they can live in accordance with His laws.

and to be your God
This phrase underscores the purpose of God's actions and His desire for a relationship with His people. The Hebrew word for "be" is "hayah," which means to exist or become. God's intention is not only to deliver and provide but to establish a lasting relationship as their God. This relationship is characterized by worship, obedience, and mutual commitment. It reflects God's desire for His people to recognize Him as their ultimate authority and source of life, guiding them in righteousness and holiness.

If your brother
The term "brother" here is significant, emphasizing the familial and communal relationship among the Israelites. In Hebrew, the word is "אָח" (ach), which denotes not just a biological sibling but also a fellow member of the covenant community. This highlights the importance of viewing fellow Israelites as family, fostering a sense of unity and mutual responsibility. The use of "brother" underscores the call to treat each other with dignity and respect, reflecting the broader biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself.

among you
This phrase situates the command within the community of Israel. It implies a shared identity and collective responsibility. The Hebrew word "בְּתוֹכְכֶם" (betokhem) suggests an intimate, internal relationship, reinforcing the idea that the Israelites are a distinct people set apart by God. This communal aspect is crucial, as it reminds the Israelites that their actions affect the entire community, and they are accountable to one another under God's covenant.

becomes destitute
The Hebrew word used here is "יָמוּךְ" (yamukh), meaning to become poor or impoverished. This condition is not merely economic but can also imply a loss of social standing or security. The verse acknowledges the reality of economic hardship and the potential for any member of the community to fall into poverty. It calls for compassion and support, reflecting God's concern for the vulnerable and marginalized.

and sells himself to you
This phrase refers to a voluntary act of servitude due to financial desperation. In ancient Israel, selling oneself was a means of survival, a way to pay off debts or secure basic needs. The Hebrew context here is "וְנִמְכַּר־לָךְ" (venimkar-lakh), indicating a transaction that is more about survival than servitude. It is crucial to understand this within the framework of the Jubilee laws, which provided mechanisms for debt relief and the restoration of property and freedom.

you must not force him
The command here is a prohibition against treating a fellow Israelite harshly. The Hebrew "לֹא־תַעֲבֹד" (lo-ta'avod) implies a moral and ethical obligation to treat others with kindness and fairness. This reflects God's character and His desire for justice and mercy within His people. It is a call to exercise authority with compassion, recognizing the inherent dignity of every person.

to serve as a slave
The term "slave" in Hebrew is "עֶבֶד" (eved), which can mean both servant and slave. The distinction here is critical; while servitude was a reality in ancient times, the Israelites were commanded to treat their fellow countrymen with respect and not as property. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of liberation and redemption, reminding the Israelites of their own deliverance from slavery in Egypt. It is a call to embody God's justice and mercy, ensuring that even in servitude, there is dignity and hope for restoration.

He shall stay with you
This phrase indicates a relationship that is more than just transactional. The Hebrew root word here is "gûr," which implies dwelling or residing. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this suggests a sense of belonging and protection. The individual is not merely a servant but is integrated into the household, reflecting God's desire for community and care within His people.

as a hired worker
The term "hired worker" comes from the Hebrew "śākîr," which refers to someone who works for wages. This highlights the dignity of labor and the fair treatment expected in economic transactions. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the biblical principle of just compensation and the value of work, aligning with the broader scriptural mandate to love one's neighbor as oneself.

or temporary resident
The phrase "temporary resident" is translated from the Hebrew "tôšāb," which refers to a sojourner or a foreigner living among the Israelites. This reflects the inclusivity of God's laws, ensuring that even those who are not native Israelites are treated with respect and fairness. Historically, this provision would have been countercultural, emphasizing God's justice and mercy.

he is to work for you
This part of the verse underscores the expectation of labor in exchange for sustenance and protection. The Hebrew verb "ʿābad" means to serve or work, and it is often used in the context of serving God. This dual meaning suggests that all work is ultimately service to the Lord, a perspective that encourages diligence and integrity in all endeavors.

until the Year of Jubilee
The "Year of Jubilee" is a significant concept in Leviticus, derived from the Hebrew "yôḇēl," meaning a ram's horn, which was blown to signal the start of this special year. Occurring every 50th year, the Jubilee was a time of liberation and restoration, where debts were forgiven, and land was returned to original owners. This reflects God's heart for redemption and equality, reminding believers of the ultimate freedom found in Christ. The Jubilee serves as a powerful symbol of hope and renewal, encouraging Christians to live with an eternal perspective, anticipating the ultimate restoration in God's kingdom.

Then he and his children
This phrase emphasizes the family unit, which is central to the social and religious life of ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "children" here is "בָּנָיו" (banav), which underscores the importance of lineage and heritage in Hebrew culture. The release of both the individual and his children signifies the restoration of the family’s dignity and continuity. In a broader theological sense, it reflects God's concern for the family as a foundational institution, echoing the biblical theme of generational blessings and responsibilities.

are to be released
The Hebrew root for "released" is "יָצָא" (yatsa), meaning to go out or be set free. This release is part of the Jubilee laws, which occur every fifty years, as described in Leviticus 25. The Jubilee is a time of liberation and restoration, reflecting God's desire for justice and mercy. It serves as a reminder that ultimate freedom comes from God, and it prefigures the spiritual liberation found in Christ. The concept of release also highlights the temporary nature of earthly bondage and the hope of eternal freedom.

and he may return
The word "return" is derived from the Hebrew "שׁוּב" (shuv), which means to turn back or restore. This is a powerful image of repentance and restoration, a recurring theme throughout Scripture. The ability to return signifies God's grace and the opportunity for a fresh start. It is a call to return not only physically but also spiritually to one's roots and to God’s covenant promises.

to his clan
The term "clan" refers to the extended family or tribal group, known in Hebrew as "מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ" (mishpachto). This reflects the communal nature of Israelite society, where identity and support were found within the clan. Returning to one's clan symbolizes reintegration into the community and the restoration of social ties. It underscores the biblical principle of community and mutual support, which is vital for spiritual and social well-being.

and to the property of his fathers
The phrase "property of his fathers" refers to the ancestral land, which in Hebrew is "אֲחֻזַּת אֲבֹתָיו" (achuzzat avotav). Land was a divine gift and a sign of God's covenant with Israel. Returning to this land signifies a restoration of God-given inheritance and identity. It highlights the importance of land in the biblical narrative as a place of belonging and divine provision. This return is a foretaste of the ultimate inheritance believers have in Christ, who secures our eternal home.

Because the Israelites are My servants
This phrase establishes a foundational identity for the Israelites as belonging to God. The Hebrew word for "servants" here is "עֲבָדַי" (avaday), which implies a relationship of service and devotion. In the ancient Near Eastern context, being a servant of a deity was a position of honor and responsibility. This phrase underscores the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God is the sovereign Lord, and the Israelites are His chosen people, set apart for His purposes. This identity as God's servants is central to their national and spiritual identity, reminding them of their unique calling and the divine authority they are under.

whom I brought out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the historical and miraculous deliverance of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, an event that is central to their identity and faith. The Hebrew verb "הוֹצֵאתִי" (hotzeiti) means "I brought out," emphasizing God's active role in their liberation. This act of deliverance is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament, serving as a constant reminder of God's power, faithfulness, and love. It is a call to remember their past bondage and the freedom they now enjoy, which was granted by God's grace and intervention. This historical context reinforces their obligation to live according to God's laws and to treat others with justice and compassion.

they are not to be sold as slaves
This commandment reflects God's desire for His people to live in freedom and dignity. The Hebrew word for "sold" is "יִמָּכְרוּ" (yimmakru), which implies a transaction or exchange. By prohibiting the sale of Israelites as slaves, God is ensuring that His people do not return to a state of bondage similar to what they experienced in Egypt. This directive is part of the larger Jubilee laws, which promote social justice, economic equality, and the restoration of community relationships. It highlights the value God places on human life and freedom, and it calls the Israelites to reflect God's character in their treatment of one another. This principle is a powerful reminder of the inherent worth and dignity of every individual as created in the image of God.

You are not to rule over them harshly
The phrase "rule over" comes from the Hebrew word "radah," which implies dominion or governance. In the context of Leviticus, this instruction is given to the Israelites regarding their treatment of fellow Israelites who have become servants due to poverty. The term "harshly" translates from the Hebrew "perek," which suggests severity or cruelty. Historically, this reflects God's desire for His people to exercise authority with compassion and justice, contrasting with the oppressive practices common in ancient Near Eastern cultures. This command underscores the value of human dignity and the importance of mercy, reminding believers that leadership should reflect God's character.

but you shall fear your God
The word "fear" in Hebrew is "yare," which encompasses reverence, awe, and respect. This phrase serves as a divine reminder that the ultimate authority is God Himself. The fear of God is a foundational principle in the Old Testament, encouraging believers to live in obedience and humility. It implies that one's treatment of others is directly related to their relationship with God. In a historical context, this fear was meant to prevent the abuse of power and ensure that the Israelites' social and economic interactions were governed by God's laws. For contemporary believers, it serves as a call to live with integrity and compassion, recognizing that all actions are accountable to God.

Your male and female slaves
The Hebrew words used here are "עֶבֶד" (eved) for male slaves and "אָמָה" (amah) for female slaves. In the ancient Near Eastern context, slavery was a common practice, and these terms were used to denote individuals who were in servitude. From a conservative Christian perspective, it is important to understand that the Bible's mention of slavery does not equate to an endorsement of the practice as it was known in more recent history. Instead, it reflects the socio-economic realities of the time. The Bible provides regulations that were intended to protect and provide for slaves, recognizing their humanity and dignity.

are to come from the nations around you
This phrase indicates that the Israelites were permitted to acquire slaves from the surrounding nations. Historically, this reflects the interactions between Israel and its neighbors, where trade and exchanges were common. Theologically, this can be seen as a distinction between the covenant community of Israel and the Gentile nations. The Israelites were called to be a holy people, set apart for God, and this distinction extended to their social and economic practices.

from them you may purchase slaves
The act of purchasing slaves from other nations was a regulated practice within the Mosaic Law. The Hebrew word for "purchase" is "קָנָה" (qanah), which means to acquire or buy. This regulation served to ensure that the Israelites did not enslave their fellow countrymen permanently, as outlined in the preceding verses of Leviticus 25. Instead, it allowed for the acquisition of slaves from outside the covenant community, reflecting a protective measure for the Israelites and a recognition of the existing socio-economic structures. From a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as an early form of social legislation that sought to balance the realities of the time with the ethical demands of God's law.

You may also purchase them
The phrase "You may also purchase them" refers to the practice of acquiring servants or slaves, which was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures. The Hebrew word for "purchase" is "קָנָה" (qanah), which means to acquire or buy. This reflects the economic and social structures of the time, where servitude was often a means of survival for the impoverished. In the context of Leviticus, this regulation is part of a broader legal framework that includes provisions for the humane treatment of servants and the eventual release of Hebrew slaves during the Year of Jubilee.

from the foreigners residing among you
The term "foreigners" is translated from the Hebrew word "גֵּרִים" (gerim), which refers to non-Israelites living within the Israelite community. These individuals were often sojourners or temporary residents who did not possess the same rights as native-born Israelites. The inclusion of foreigners in this verse highlights the diverse composition of the ancient Israelite society and the interactions between different ethnic and cultural groups. It also underscores the importance of treating all individuals with dignity, as other parts of the Mosaic Law emphasize fair treatment of foreigners.

or from their clans living among you
The phrase "or from their clans living among you" suggests that these foreigners were not isolated individuals but part of larger family groups or communities. The Hebrew word for "clans" is "מִשְׁפָּחוֹת" (mishpachot), which denotes extended family units. This indicates that the social fabric of ancient Israel included various family networks, both native and foreign, living in close proximity. The presence of these clans within Israelite territory reflects the interconnectedness of ancient societies and the necessity of laws to govern such interactions.

who are born in your land
The phrase "who are born in your land" refers to the children of these foreign residents who were born within the borders of Israel. This highlights the generational aspect of foreign communities living among the Israelites. The Hebrew word "יְלִידֵי" (yelidei) means "born" and emphasizes the idea of belonging to the land by birth. This aspect of the verse points to the complexity of identity and belonging in ancient Israel, where birth in the land did not automatically confer the same status as being an Israelite by descent.

These may become your property
The phrase "These may become your property" addresses the legal status of these individuals within the Israelite community. The Hebrew word for "property" is "אֲחֻזָּה" (achuzzah), which can mean possession or inheritance. This reflects the legal and economic realities of the time, where individuals could become part of a household's assets. However, it is crucial to understand this within the broader biblical context, which includes numerous laws aimed at protecting the rights and dignity of servants, such as the prohibition against harsh treatment and the provision for eventual freedom during the Jubilee year. This verse, therefore, must be read in light of the overarching biblical principles of justice, mercy, and the inherent value of every human being created in the image of God.

You may leave them to your sons after you to inherit as property
This phrase addresses the practice of inheritance in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "leave" (נָתַן, natan) implies a transfer of possession or responsibility. In the context of Leviticus, this refers to the passing down of servants or slaves to one's descendants. The concept of inheritance was deeply rooted in the culture, emphasizing continuity and the preservation of family wealth and status. The term "inherit" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) is significant, as it denotes a permanent possession, reflecting the societal norms of the time where property, including servants, was part of one's estate. This practice underscores the importance of family lineage and the perpetuation of one's household through generations.

you can make them slaves for life
The phrase "slaves for life" (עֲבָדִים לְעוֹלָם, avadim le'olam) highlights the distinction between foreign slaves and Hebrew servants. In the ancient Near Eastern context, slavery was a common institution, and the term "olam" (עוֹלָם) often means "forever" or "for an indefinite period." This indicates a permanent status for non-Israelite slaves, contrasting with the Hebrew servants who were to be released in the Year of Jubilee. The use of "avadim" (עֲבָדִים) reflects a social hierarchy where non-Israelites could be held in perpetual servitude, a practice that was regulated but not abolished in the Mosaic Law. This regulation served to maintain social order and economic stability within the Israelite community.

But regarding your brothers, the Israelites
The term "brothers" (אָחִים, achim) signifies a close kinship among the Israelites, emphasizing their shared identity and covenant relationship with God. This familial language reinforces the idea of mutual respect and equality among the Israelites, who were all descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The distinction made here between Israelites and foreigners underscores the special status of the Israelite community as God's chosen people, bound by the covenant and the laws given at Sinai. This covenantal relationship required them to treat one another with dignity and fairness, reflecting God's justice and mercy.

you must not rule over them ruthlessly
The word "ruthlessly" (בְּפָרֶךְ, befarekh) conveys a sense of harshness or severity. In the Hebrew context, it implies oppressive or cruel treatment. The command not to rule "ruthlessly" over fellow Israelites is a call to exercise authority with compassion and justice, reflecting God's character. This prohibition is rooted in the memory of Israel's own experience of oppression in Egypt, where they were subjected to harsh labor. By commanding the Israelites to avoid such treatment of their own people, the law promotes a community where justice and mercy prevail, aligning with the broader biblical theme of loving one's neighbor and upholding the dignity of every individual.

If a foreigner or temporary resident among you
The Hebrew term for "foreigner" is "ger," which refers to a non-Israelite living among the Israelites. This highlights the inclusivity of the Mosaic Law, acknowledging the presence of non-Israelites within the community. The "temporary resident" or "sojourner" is someone who resides temporarily, emphasizing the transient nature of life and the need for compassion and justice towards all, regardless of their status. Historically, this reflects the diverse social fabric of ancient Israel, where foreigners could integrate into society, yet were still distinct from the covenant community.

becomes rich
The Hebrew word for "rich" is "ashar," indicating an increase in wealth or possessions. This phrase suggests a reversal of fortunes, where a non-Israelite prospers in the land of Israel. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over wealth and the unpredictable nature of economic status. Theologically, it underscores the biblical principle that wealth is not inherently evil but must be stewarded responsibly, with an awareness of God's ultimate provision.

and your brother dwelling near him becomes poor
The term "brother" here refers to a fellow Israelite, emphasizing the familial bond and covenantal relationship among the people of God. The Hebrew word for "poor" is "mukh," which conveys a sense of being impoverished or weakened. This juxtaposition of wealth and poverty within close proximity serves as a poignant reminder of the social and economic disparities that can exist even within a covenant community. It calls for empathy and action to support those in need, reflecting God's heart for justice and mercy.

and sells himself to the foreigner
The act of selling oneself into servitude was a common practice in the ancient Near East as a means of survival during economic hardship. This phrase highlights the desperation and vulnerability of the impoverished Israelite. Theologically, it points to the need for redemption and deliverance, themes central to the biblical narrative. It also foreshadows the ultimate redemption found in Christ, who frees humanity from spiritual bondage.

or to a member of the foreigner’s clan
The mention of the "foreigner’s clan" indicates the extended family or household of the non-Israelite. This phrase underscores the interconnectedness of social and familial structures in ancient times. It also serves as a reminder of the potential for cultural and religious influence from outside the covenant community. Theologically, it calls for discernment and faithfulness to God's commands while living in a diverse and pluralistic society.

he retains the right of redemption
The phrase "he retains the right of redemption" is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "go'el," which refers to a kinsman-redeemer. This principle is deeply embedded in the social and familial structures of ancient Israel, where family ties were paramount. The right of redemption underscores God's provision for restoration and hope, even when one has fallen into dire circumstances. It reflects the divine justice and mercy that permeates the Mosaic Law, ensuring that no Israelite is permanently lost to poverty or servitude. This concept foreshadows the ultimate redemption found in Christ, who redeems humanity from the bondage of sin.

after he has sold himself
The phrase "after he has sold himself" indicates a situation of extreme poverty where an individual has no choice but to become a servant to repay debts. In ancient Israel, this was not merely a financial transaction but a deeply personal and humbling experience. The law provided a way for individuals to regain their freedom and dignity, emphasizing God's concern for the vulnerable and His desire for social justice. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God’s people being delivered from slavery, as seen in the Exodus story, and points to the spiritual liberation offered through faith.

One of his brothers may redeem him
The phrase "One of his brothers may redeem him" highlights the importance of family responsibility and solidarity in ancient Israelite society. The Hebrew word for "brother" (אָח, 'ach) can refer to a literal sibling or a close relative, emphasizing the communal nature of redemption. This provision ensured that family members were actively involved in the welfare of their kin, preventing the permanent loss of family members to servitude. It is a powerful reminder of the biblical call to love and support one another, reflecting the New Testament teaching of bearing one another's burdens. This familial redemption is a precursor to the spiritual redemption offered by Christ, our ultimate kinsman-redeemer, who restores us to the family of God.

or his uncle or cousin may redeem him
The Hebrew word for "redeem" is "גָּאַל" (ga'al), which carries the connotation of a kinsman-redeemer. This concept is deeply rooted in the cultural and legal practices of ancient Israel, where family ties were paramount. The kinsman-redeemer had the responsibility to restore the rights of a relative in distress, reflecting God's redemptive nature. The mention of "uncle or cousin" emphasizes the extended family network's role in maintaining social and economic stability, highlighting the importance of community and familial responsibility in God's covenant people.

or any close relative from his clan may redeem him
The term "close relative" broadens the scope of potential redeemers, ensuring that the individual in need is not left without hope. The Hebrew word for "clan" is "מִשְׁפָּחָה" (mishpachah), which refers to a larger family unit or tribe. This reflects the communal nature of Israelite society, where the welfare of one member was the concern of the entire clan. It underscores the biblical principle of mutual aid and support within the body of believers, a principle that resonates with the New Testament teachings on the church as a family.

Or if he prospers, he may redeem himself
The possibility for self-redemption is a testament to personal responsibility and the dignity of the individual. The Hebrew word for "prospers" is "יָדַע" (yada), which can mean to know or to have the means. This implies that through God's blessing and personal effort, an individual can regain their freedom and status. It serves as a reminder of the transformative power of God's grace and the potential for restoration and renewal in one's life. This phrase encourages believers to trust in God's provision and to strive for personal growth and improvement, knowing that redemption is always within reach through divine assistance.

He and his buyer
This phrase indicates a mutual responsibility between the servant and the one who has purchased his service. In the Hebrew context, the word for "buyer" (קֹנֵה, qoneh) implies a transaction that is more than mere ownership; it suggests a relationship that involves care and provision. This reflects the biblical principle that even in servitude, there is a dignity and respect that must be maintained, as both parties are ultimately accountable to God.

are to count the time
The act of counting time here is significant in the Hebrew tradition, where time is often seen as a divine gift. The Hebrew word for "count" (חָשַׁב, chashav) can also mean to consider or to reckon, suggesting a thoughtful and deliberate process. This counting is not merely a mechanical calculation but a recognition of the servant's humanity and the anticipation of the Year of Jubilee, a time of liberation and restoration.

from the year he sold himself
This phrase acknowledges the servant's initial decision or necessity to enter into servitude. The Hebrew culture recognized that economic hardship could lead to such situations, but it also provided a framework for eventual redemption. The act of selling oneself (מָכַר, makar) was not intended to be permanent, reflecting God's desire for freedom and restoration for His people.

up to the Year of Jubilee
The Year of Jubilee (יֹבֵל, yovel) is a profound concept in the Hebrew Scriptures, representing a time of release and return. Every fiftieth year, debts were forgiven, and land was returned to its original owners. This was a divine reset, emphasizing God's sovereignty over time and property. It served as a reminder of God's provision and the ultimate freedom He offers.

The price of his sale
This phrase refers to the valuation of the servant's labor. In Hebrew law, this was not arbitrary but was to be fair and just, reflecting the value of the work done. The word for "price" (מְחִיר, mekhir) underscores the importance of justice and equity in economic transactions, aligning with the biblical principle that all people are created in the image of God and deserve fair treatment.

shall be based on the number of years
This indicates a proportional valuation, ensuring that the servant is not exploited. The Hebrew understanding of time and labor was deeply connected to justice. The phrase suggests a system where the servant's contribution is recognized and valued appropriately, reflecting God's justice and care for His people.

according to the rate paid to a hired worker
This comparison to a hired worker (שָׂכִיר, sakir) highlights the dignity and rights of the servant. In ancient Israel, a hired worker was entitled to fair wages and humane treatment. By equating the servant's valuation to that of a hired worker, the scripture emphasizes the importance of treating all individuals with respect and fairness, regardless of their economic status. This reflects the biblical call to love one's neighbor and to act justly in all dealings.

If many years remain
This phrase sets the context for the redemption process described in the Year of Jubilee. The Hebrew word for "years" is "שָׁנִים" (shanim), which signifies not just a measure of time but also a cycle of life and renewal. In the context of Leviticus, the Jubilee year was a time of restoration and freedom, reflecting God's desire for His people to experience liberation and new beginnings. The phrase "many years remain" indicates that the calculation for redemption is based on the time left until the next Jubilee, emphasizing the importance of time in God's redemptive plan.

he must pay for his redemption
The concept of "redemption" here is rooted in the Hebrew word "גְּאֻלָּה" (ge'ullah), which means to buy back or reclaim. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God as the Redeemer of His people, who rescues them from bondage and restores them to their rightful place. In the historical context, this redemption process allowed individuals who had sold themselves into servitude due to poverty to regain their freedom and return to their family inheritance. It is a powerful reminder of God's provision and mercy, ensuring that His people are not permanently lost to debt or servitude.

in proportion to his purchase price
This phrase underscores the principle of fairness and justice in the economic transactions of ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "proportion" is "כְּפִי" (kephi), which implies a measure or standard. The redemption price was calculated based on the original purchase price and the number of years remaining until the Jubilee. This ensured that neither the buyer nor the seller was exploited, reflecting God's concern for equity and His command to love one's neighbor as oneself. It also highlights the importance of stewardship and responsibility in financial dealings, principles that are timeless and applicable to believers today.

If only a few years remain
This phrase sets the context within the larger framework of the Year of Jubilee, a time of liberation and restoration in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "years" is "שָׁנִים" (shanim), which emphasizes the cyclical nature of time in the Hebrew calendar. The concept of "a few" years remaining underscores the urgency and the limited window of opportunity for redemption. Historically, this reflects the agrarian society's dependence on cycles and seasons, where time was measured in relation to agricultural and religious events.

until the Year of Jubilee
The "Year of Jubilee" (יֹבֵל, yovel) was a significant event occurring every 50th year, as described in Leviticus 25. It was a time when slaves were freed, debts were forgiven, and land was returned to its original owners. This concept is deeply rooted in the idea of divine justice and mercy, reflecting God's desire for social equality and economic reset. The Jubilee year served as a reminder of God's sovereignty over the land and His provision for His people, encouraging them to trust in His timing and provision.

he is to calculate
The Hebrew verb "חָשַׁב" (chashav) means to think, plan, or calculate. This implies a deliberate and thoughtful process, requiring the individual to assess the value of the remaining years until the Jubilee. It reflects the importance of wisdom and discernment in financial and social dealings, encouraging believers to act with integrity and foresight.

and pay his redemption
The term "redemption" (גְּאֻלָּה, ge'ullah) is central to the biblical narrative, symbolizing deliverance and freedom. In this context, it refers to the act of buying back one's freedom or property. This concept is a foreshadowing of the ultimate redemption through Christ, who paid the price for humanity's freedom from sin. The act of paying for redemption highlights the cost and value of freedom, both physically and spiritually.

according to his remaining years
This phrase emphasizes fairness and proportionality in the redemption process. The calculation based on "remaining years" ensures that the price paid is just and equitable, reflecting God's justice. It serves as a reminder that God's laws are designed to protect the vulnerable and maintain social harmony. The principle of proportionality in redemption is a call for believers to practice fairness and justice in their own lives, mirroring God's character.

He shall stay with him
This phrase indicates a temporary arrangement rather than permanent ownership, reflecting the Hebrew word "gûr," which means to sojourn or dwell temporarily. In the context of ancient Israel, this highlights the importance of community and the protection of individuals from becoming permanent slaves. It underscores the value of freedom and the dignity of every person, reminding us that all are ultimately sojourners under God's sovereignty.

as a hired worker
The Hebrew term "śākîr" refers to a laborer or wage earner. This implies a relationship based on mutual agreement and fair compensation, contrasting with the concept of slavery. It reflects God's justice and care for the vulnerable, ensuring that even those in servitude are treated with respect and fairness. This principle calls Christians to advocate for fair labor practices and to treat all workers with dignity.

year by year
This phrase emphasizes the cyclical nature of the arrangement, suggesting regular reassessment and renewal. It reflects the Hebrew calendar's agricultural cycles, which governed much of Israelite life. This periodic review ensures that the arrangement remains just and beneficial, reminding believers of the importance of accountability and the need to regularly evaluate our commitments and relationships.

but a slave shall not rule ruthlessly over him
The word "ruthlessly" translates from the Hebrew "perek," meaning harshness or severity. This prohibition against harsh treatment reflects God's compassion and justice, ensuring that power is not abused. It serves as a reminder that authority should be exercised with mercy and kindness, aligning with the broader biblical theme of loving one's neighbor and treating others as we would want to be treated.

in your sight
This phrase underscores communal responsibility and accountability. The Hebrew "le‘ênê" suggests visibility and awareness, indicating that the community is to ensure that these principles are upheld. It calls believers to be vigilant in promoting justice and protecting the vulnerable, reflecting the biblical mandate to be our brother's keeper and to uphold righteousness within the community.

Even if he is not redeemed
The phrase "redeemed" comes from the Hebrew root "ga'al," which means to act as a kinsman-redeemer. This concept is deeply rooted in the cultural and familial obligations of ancient Israel, where family members had the responsibility to restore the fortunes of their kin. Theologically, this points to the ultimate redemption found in Christ, who acts as our kinsman-redeemer, restoring us to God.

in any of these ways
This refers to the various methods outlined earlier in Leviticus 25 for redeeming a person who has sold themselves into servitude due to poverty. The law provided multiple avenues for redemption, emphasizing God's desire for restoration and freedom. It reflects the multifaceted grace of God, who provides numerous ways for His people to return to Him.

he and his children
The inclusion of "his children" highlights the communal and generational aspect of God's laws. In ancient Israel, the family unit was central, and the release of a servant was not just an individual act but a restoration of the family. This underscores the biblical principle that God's salvation and blessings are intended for entire households, not just individuals.

are to be released
The word "released" is significant, as it denotes freedom and liberation. In Hebrew, "shamat" implies a letting go or a release from obligation. This is a powerful image of God's deliverance, foreshadowing the spiritual freedom believers receive through Christ. It is a reminder that God's ultimate plan is liberation from all forms of bondage.

in the Year of Jubilee
The "Year of Jubilee" was a time of great celebration and restoration, occurring every 50th year. It was a year when debts were forgiven, land was returned, and slaves were freed. This concept is unique to Israel and serves as a profound symbol of God's grace and mercy. The Jubilee year points to the eschatological hope of ultimate restoration and peace in God's kingdom, where all creation will be set free from the bondage of sin and death.

For the Israelites
This phrase identifies the specific group of people to whom God is speaking. The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. Historically, the Israelites were chosen by God to be His people, a nation set apart to demonstrate His holiness and to be a light to the nations. The Hebrew term "Yisra'el" signifies "God prevails," reflecting the divine relationship and covenant established with them. This covenantal identity is foundational, reminding the Israelites of their unique role and responsibilities as God's chosen people.

are My servants
The word "servants" in Hebrew is "avadim," which can also mean "slaves" or "bondservants." This term emphasizes the relationship between God and the Israelites as one of ownership and devotion. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a servant was someone who owed allegiance and service to their master. Here, God is asserting His authority and ownership over the Israelites, not as a harsh taskmaster, but as a benevolent and loving Lord who has redeemed them. This servitude is not burdensome but is a call to live in obedience and faithfulness to God.

They are My servants
The repetition of this phrase underscores the importance of the Israelites' identity as God's servants. It is a reminder of their purpose and calling. The emphasis on "My" highlights God's personal claim over them, reinforcing the intimate and covenantal relationship. This repetition serves to remind the Israelites of their dependence on God and their duty to serve Him alone, rejecting idolatry and the influences of surrounding nations.

whom I brought out of the land of Egypt
This phrase recalls the historical event of the Exodus, where God delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The Hebrew word for "brought out" is "yatsa," which conveys the idea of a powerful and purposeful act of deliverance. This act of liberation is central to Israel's identity and faith, serving as a constant reminder of God's power, faithfulness, and love. It is a call to remember God's past acts of salvation as a basis for trust and obedience in the present and future.

I am the LORD your God
This declaration is a reaffirmation of God's identity and authority. The name "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "YHWH," the personal and covenantal name of God, often rendered as "Yahweh." It signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. The phrase "your God" personalizes this relationship, emphasizing that God is not a distant deity but is intimately involved in the lives of His people. This statement serves as a foundation for the Israelites' faith and obedience, reminding them of who God is and their covenantal relationship with Him.