Papers by Jayverdhan kumar
Soft power is the ability to attract and co-opt, rather than coerce (hard power). It involves sha... more Soft power is the ability to attract and co-opt, rather than coerce (hard power). It involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction.Soft power which primarily engages with culture and aesthetics, appeals to emotions and human feelings in deeper way than any other powers. The word "soft power" was coined by Joseph Nye to describe a nation's ability to attract and convince. He say's "soft power is the ability to obtain preferred outcomes through attraction rather than coercion or payments" (Nye, 2004). The concept of "Soft Power introduced in 1980s by Joseph Nye in his book "Soft Power: the means to success in world politics"which is published in 2004. Nye interpreted the term in his book, Bound to Lead: Changing nature of American power. In this book he wrote "when one country gets other countries to want what it wants might be called co-optive or soft power in contrast with the hard or command power of ordering others to do what it wants" (Nye, 1990). Hard and soft power are related because they are both aspects of the ability to achieve one's purpose by affecting the behaviour of others. "Hard power is associated with military and economic means to influence the behaviour of the other nation or individual. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion) and is most immediately effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. But sometimes you can get the outcomes you want without tangible threats or inducements. The indirect way to get what you
Political and technological control had enabled the west to extend an empire in Africa during the... more Political and technological control had enabled the west to extend an empire in Africa during the Nineteenth Century. The underdevelopment of Africa can be explained in the terms of the socio-economic-political and cultural processes and their footprints are clear. European builder had adopted different strategies and policies in Africa to make money through exploration, colonisation, commercialisation, robbery and theft. The poor countries of Africa with the less developed technology are left with the limited possibilities of exploiting the raw material at cheap rates that keep them underdeveloped. Besides this, other contributing factors are colonial legacy, slave trade, wars, poverty, illiteracy, Structural Adjustment Program, large families, corruption and lack of accountability. The Dependency Theory analyses the internal changing scenario of underdevelopment and other various aspects of being dependent. In this, the contribution of Andre Gunder Frank, Wallerstein, Dos Santos, ...
Political and technological control had enabled the west to extend an empire in Africa during the... more Political and technological control had enabled the west to extend an empire in Africa during the Nineteenth Century. The underdevelopment of Africa can be explained in the terms of the socio-economic-political and cultural processes and their footprints are clear. European builder had adopted different strategies and policies in Africa to make money through exploration, colonisation, commercialisation, robbery and theft. The poor countries of Africa with the less developed technology are left with the limited possibilities of exploiting the raw material at cheap rates that keep them underdeveloped. Besides this, other contributing factors are colonial legacy, slave trade, wars, poverty, illiteracy, Structural Adjustment Program, large families, corruption and lack of accountability. The Dependency Theory analyses the internal changing scenario of underdevelopment and other various aspects of being dependent. In this, the contribution of Andre Gunder Frank, Wallerstein, Dos Santos, ...
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Papers by Jayverdhan kumar