Rationale Nebivolol is known to have beta-1 blocker activity, but it was also suggested that it e... more Rationale Nebivolol is known to have beta-1 blocker activity, but it was also suggested that it elicits relaxation of the peripheral arteries in part via release of nitric oxide (NO). However, the effect of nebivolol on the vasomotor tone of cerebral arteries is still unclear.
Aging induces substantial morphological and functional changes in vessels. We hypothesized that d... more Aging induces substantial morphological and functional changes in vessels. We hypothesized that due to morphological remodeling the total contractile forces of arteries increase, especially in older age as a function of age. Mean arterial blood pressure of rats and morphological and functional characteristics of isolated carotid arteries rats, from newborn to senescent, were assessed. The arterial blood pressure of rats increased significantly from 0.25 to the age of 6 months, and then it reached a level, which was maintained until age of 30 months. Wall lumen and wall thickness increased with age, mostly due to media (smooth muscle) thickening, whereas wall tension gradually reduced with age. Contractions of arteries to nonreceptor-mediated vasomotor agent (KCl, 60 mM) increased in three consecutive age groups, whereas contractility first increased (until 2 months), then it did not change further with aging. Norepinephrine-induced contractions initially increased in young age and then did not change further in older age. These findings suggest that during normal aging due to remodeling of arterial wall (smooth muscle) the contractile capacity of arteries increases, which seems to be independent from systemic blood pressure. Thus, arterial remodeling can favor the development of increased circulatory resistance in older age.
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, Feb 21, 2018
Background: Short-lasting hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in prediabetes and poorly controlled d... more Background: Short-lasting hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in prediabetes and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus leading to vascular damage. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to play a protective role in vascular complications of diabetes; moreover, antioxidant effects of PACAP were also described. Therefore, we hypothesized that PACAP exerts protective effects in short-term hyperglycaemia-induced vascular dysfunctions. Methods: After short-term hyperglycaemia, acetylcholine-induced and sodium nitroprusside-induced vascular relaxation of mouse carotid arteries were tested with a myograph with or without the presence of PACAP or superoxide dismutase. Potential direct antioxidant superoxide-scavenging action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide was tested with pyrogallol autoxidation assay; furthermore, the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide or superoxide dismutase was investigated on hyperglycaemia-associated vascular markers. Results: PACAP administration resulted in reduced endothelial dysfunction after a 1-h hyperglycaemic episode. PACAP was able to restore acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the vessels and improved sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation. This effect was comparable to the protective effect of superoxide dismutase, but PACAP was unable to directly scavenge superoxide produced by autoxidation of pyrogallol. Endothelial dysfunction was associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor basic, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene proteins. Their release was reduced by PACAP administration. Conclusion: These results suggest a strong protective role of PACAP in the vascular complications of diabetes.
exist to ensure the maintenance of PACAP activity in PACAP knockout (KO) mice. Thus, we investiga... more exist to ensure the maintenance of PACAP activity in PACAP knockout (KO) mice. Thus, we investigated the vasomotor effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and PACAP isoforms in PACAP wild-type (WT) and PACAP-deficient (KO) male mice. Methods: Carotid and femoral arteries were isolated from 8-to 12-week-old WT and KO mice. Vasomotor responses were measured with isometric myography. Results: In the arteries of WT mice the peptides induced relaxations, which were significantly greater to PACAP1-38 than to PACAP1-27 and VIP. In KO mice, PACAP1-38 did not elicit relaxation, whereas PACAP1-27 and VIP elicited significantly greater relaxation in KO mice than in WT mice. The specific PAC1R and VPAC1R antagonist completely blocked the PACAP-induced relaxations. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in the absence of the PACAP peptide, backup mechanisms maintain arterial relaxations, indicating an important physiological role for the PACAP pathway in the regulation of vascular tone.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a well-known neuropeptide, which al... more Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a well-known neuropeptide, which also has vasomotor effects. However, little is known regarding its age-related and organ-specific vasomotor effects. We hypothesized that the vasomotor effects of PACAP depend on the tissue origin of the vessels and aging substantially modulates its actions. Thus, carotid (CA) and basilar arteries (BA) were isolated from young (2 months old), middle age (12 months old), and old (30 months old) rats. Their vasomotor responses were measured with an isometric myograph (DMT610M) in response to cumulative concentrations of PACAP1-38 (10-10 M). PACAP1-38 induced (1) a significantly greater concentration-dependent relaxations in CA compared to that of BA of young, middle age, and old rats; (2) relaxations of CA significantly decreased, whereas it theydid not change substantially in BA, as a function of age; (3) sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation did not change after PACAP1-38 administration in any conditions; and (4) inhibition of PAC1 receptors by selective PAC1 receptor blocker (PACAP6-38) completely diminished the responses to PACAP in all age groups of BA and CA. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PACAP1-38 has greater vasomotor effect in CA than that in BA, whereas aging has less effect on PACAPinduced relaxation of cerebral arteries and BA than that in peripheral arteries and CA suggesting that the vasomotor role ofrelaxation to PACAP is maintained in cerebral arteries even in old age.
Collected in this volume are preliminary materials related to the Belgrade-OMEP Project whose pur... more Collected in this volume are preliminary materials related to the Belgrade-OMEP Project whose purpose is to make a record of those traditional children's games which are a part of the-folk culture of various countries. The purpose of this publication is twofold: (1) to serve as a handbook for the present collaborators on the Project in their research work; and (2) to inform and attract the greatest possible number of potential participants to the Project. The volume contains 14 individually authored papers which are generally brief. The papers focus on (1) the fundamentals of the project; (2) the theoretical and methodological problems of the project; (3) research problems and the development of the Flemish Folk Games File; (4) present research on traditional games of children; (5) play activities of children in different cultures; (6) problems of the project from an ethnological point of view; (7) traditional games of Japanese children; (8) children's lore and traditional games in Finland; (9) play as a subject of ethnological and educational research; (10) play, tradition, and traditional games; (11) the contribution of basic research to the survival of the Awele game; (12) differences in the authenticity of children's expression and the viewing angle of adults; (13) traditional games in the kindergarten; and (14) the protocol for the collection of traditional games, including Form Al for the description of games acquirei from adult informers, Form A2 ftpr the description of observed games, and an explanation of the protocol. The collection is intended to serve as a handbook for research and as an invitation to other interested scholars to participate in the project. (RH)
This article is based on the work so far done on the preparation and realization of the Belgrade-... more This article is based on the work so far done on the preparation and realization of the Belgrade-OMEP Projet on Traditional Children's Games, and in particular the discussions and results of the International Conference held in Belgrade (9-11 October 1985) on this theme. It contains the information, reflections and conclusions arrived at by the authors and coordinators of the Project in the Yugoslav National Committee of OMEP, as well as the results of an international exchange of opinions on the problems concerning the Project, which had taken place inside OMEP over the course of several years.
Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.... more Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.karger.com/jvr_issues 105 Angiotensin-(1-7) Selectively Induces Relaxation and Modulates Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Mesenteric Arteries of Salt-Fed Rats Raffai, G. (Milwaukee, Wis./Budapest); Lombard, J.H. (Milwaukee, Wis.) 119 Conference Calendar 120 Membership of the ESM No. 3-4
About five feet five inches (1.65 m) in height, Ben Bloom was not a very large man, but his physi... more About five feet five inches (1.65 m) in height, Ben Bloom was not a very large man, but his physical stature in no way reflected his presence in a room or the stature he achieved in the field of education. It was, I confess, a kind of anomaly to see someone who had few physically imposing qualities carry so much weight in a conversation and with so much of an aura.
Rationale Nebivolol is known to have beta-1 blocker activity, but it was also suggested that it e... more Rationale Nebivolol is known to have beta-1 blocker activity, but it was also suggested that it elicits relaxation of the peripheral arteries in part via release of nitric oxide (NO). However, the effect of nebivolol on the vasomotor tone of cerebral arteries is still unclear.
Aging induces substantial morphological and functional changes in vessels. We hypothesized that d... more Aging induces substantial morphological and functional changes in vessels. We hypothesized that due to morphological remodeling the total contractile forces of arteries increase, especially in older age as a function of age. Mean arterial blood pressure of rats and morphological and functional characteristics of isolated carotid arteries rats, from newborn to senescent, were assessed. The arterial blood pressure of rats increased significantly from 0.25 to the age of 6 months, and then it reached a level, which was maintained until age of 30 months. Wall lumen and wall thickness increased with age, mostly due to media (smooth muscle) thickening, whereas wall tension gradually reduced with age. Contractions of arteries to nonreceptor-mediated vasomotor agent (KCl, 60 mM) increased in three consecutive age groups, whereas contractility first increased (until 2 months), then it did not change further with aging. Norepinephrine-induced contractions initially increased in young age and then did not change further in older age. These findings suggest that during normal aging due to remodeling of arterial wall (smooth muscle) the contractile capacity of arteries increases, which seems to be independent from systemic blood pressure. Thus, arterial remodeling can favor the development of increased circulatory resistance in older age.
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, Feb 21, 2018
Background: Short-lasting hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in prediabetes and poorly controlled d... more Background: Short-lasting hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in prediabetes and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus leading to vascular damage. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to play a protective role in vascular complications of diabetes; moreover, antioxidant effects of PACAP were also described. Therefore, we hypothesized that PACAP exerts protective effects in short-term hyperglycaemia-induced vascular dysfunctions. Methods: After short-term hyperglycaemia, acetylcholine-induced and sodium nitroprusside-induced vascular relaxation of mouse carotid arteries were tested with a myograph with or without the presence of PACAP or superoxide dismutase. Potential direct antioxidant superoxide-scavenging action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide was tested with pyrogallol autoxidation assay; furthermore, the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide or superoxide dismutase was investigated on hyperglycaemia-associated vascular markers. Results: PACAP administration resulted in reduced endothelial dysfunction after a 1-h hyperglycaemic episode. PACAP was able to restore acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the vessels and improved sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation. This effect was comparable to the protective effect of superoxide dismutase, but PACAP was unable to directly scavenge superoxide produced by autoxidation of pyrogallol. Endothelial dysfunction was associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor basic, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and nephroblastoma overexpressed gene proteins. Their release was reduced by PACAP administration. Conclusion: These results suggest a strong protective role of PACAP in the vascular complications of diabetes.
exist to ensure the maintenance of PACAP activity in PACAP knockout (KO) mice. Thus, we investiga... more exist to ensure the maintenance of PACAP activity in PACAP knockout (KO) mice. Thus, we investigated the vasomotor effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and PACAP isoforms in PACAP wild-type (WT) and PACAP-deficient (KO) male mice. Methods: Carotid and femoral arteries were isolated from 8-to 12-week-old WT and KO mice. Vasomotor responses were measured with isometric myography. Results: In the arteries of WT mice the peptides induced relaxations, which were significantly greater to PACAP1-38 than to PACAP1-27 and VIP. In KO mice, PACAP1-38 did not elicit relaxation, whereas PACAP1-27 and VIP elicited significantly greater relaxation in KO mice than in WT mice. The specific PAC1R and VPAC1R antagonist completely blocked the PACAP-induced relaxations. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in the absence of the PACAP peptide, backup mechanisms maintain arterial relaxations, indicating an important physiological role for the PACAP pathway in the regulation of vascular tone.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a well-known neuropeptide, which al... more Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a well-known neuropeptide, which also has vasomotor effects. However, little is known regarding its age-related and organ-specific vasomotor effects. We hypothesized that the vasomotor effects of PACAP depend on the tissue origin of the vessels and aging substantially modulates its actions. Thus, carotid (CA) and basilar arteries (BA) were isolated from young (2 months old), middle age (12 months old), and old (30 months old) rats. Their vasomotor responses were measured with an isometric myograph (DMT610M) in response to cumulative concentrations of PACAP1-38 (10-10 M). PACAP1-38 induced (1) a significantly greater concentration-dependent relaxations in CA compared to that of BA of young, middle age, and old rats; (2) relaxations of CA significantly decreased, whereas it theydid not change substantially in BA, as a function of age; (3) sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation did not change after PACAP1-38 administration in any conditions; and (4) inhibition of PAC1 receptors by selective PAC1 receptor blocker (PACAP6-38) completely diminished the responses to PACAP in all age groups of BA and CA. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PACAP1-38 has greater vasomotor effect in CA than that in BA, whereas aging has less effect on PACAPinduced relaxation of cerebral arteries and BA than that in peripheral arteries and CA suggesting that the vasomotor role ofrelaxation to PACAP is maintained in cerebral arteries even in old age.
Collected in this volume are preliminary materials related to the Belgrade-OMEP Project whose pur... more Collected in this volume are preliminary materials related to the Belgrade-OMEP Project whose purpose is to make a record of those traditional children's games which are a part of the-folk culture of various countries. The purpose of this publication is twofold: (1) to serve as a handbook for the present collaborators on the Project in their research work; and (2) to inform and attract the greatest possible number of potential participants to the Project. The volume contains 14 individually authored papers which are generally brief. The papers focus on (1) the fundamentals of the project; (2) the theoretical and methodological problems of the project; (3) research problems and the development of the Flemish Folk Games File; (4) present research on traditional games of children; (5) play activities of children in different cultures; (6) problems of the project from an ethnological point of view; (7) traditional games of Japanese children; (8) children's lore and traditional games in Finland; (9) play as a subject of ethnological and educational research; (10) play, tradition, and traditional games; (11) the contribution of basic research to the survival of the Awele game; (12) differences in the authenticity of children's expression and the viewing angle of adults; (13) traditional games in the kindergarten; and (14) the protocol for the collection of traditional games, including Form Al for the description of games acquirei from adult informers, Form A2 ftpr the description of observed games, and an explanation of the protocol. The collection is intended to serve as a handbook for research and as an invitation to other interested scholars to participate in the project. (RH)
This article is based on the work so far done on the preparation and realization of the Belgrade-... more This article is based on the work so far done on the preparation and realization of the Belgrade-OMEP Projet on Traditional Children's Games, and in particular the discussions and results of the International Conference held in Belgrade (9-11 October 1985) on this theme. It contains the information, reflections and conclusions arrived at by the authors and coordinators of the Project in the Yugoslav National Committee of OMEP, as well as the results of an international exchange of opinions on the problems concerning the Project, which had taken place inside OMEP over the course of several years.
Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.... more Access to full text and tables of contents, including tentative ones for forthcoming issues: www.karger.com/jvr_issues 105 Angiotensin-(1-7) Selectively Induces Relaxation and Modulates Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Mesenteric Arteries of Salt-Fed Rats Raffai, G. (Milwaukee, Wis./Budapest); Lombard, J.H. (Milwaukee, Wis.) 119 Conference Calendar 120 Membership of the ESM No. 3-4
About five feet five inches (1.65 m) in height, Ben Bloom was not a very large man, but his physi... more About five feet five inches (1.65 m) in height, Ben Bloom was not a very large man, but his physical stature in no way reflected his presence in a room or the stature he achieved in the field of education. It was, I confess, a kind of anomaly to see someone who had few physically imposing qualities carry so much weight in a conversation and with so much of an aura.
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