Entgegen der (durchaus heute noch gängigen) bürgerlichen Idealvorstellung einer Kindheit, die im ... more Entgegen der (durchaus heute noch gängigen) bürgerlichen Idealvorstellung einer Kindheit, die im „Schosse“ der Familie verbracht wird, gab – und gibt es – zahlreiche alternierende Formen des Aufwachsens. So zum Beispiel die institutionalisierte Fürsorge für Kinder und Jugendliche in Erziehungsheimen, der dieses Dissertations-projekt gewidmet ist. Institutionalisierte Fremdplatzierungen von Kindern – sei es in Pflegefamilien, privaten oder öffentlichen Heimen - zeichneten sich bis weit ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein nicht nur durch fehlende gesetzliche Bestimmungen aus, sondern waren gleichermassen mit gesellschaftlicher Marginalisierung, sozialer Isolation wie auch nicht selten mit sowohl physischer als auch psychischer Gewaltanwendung verbunden. Das Dispositiv Heimerziehung, das einem aufklärerischen Impetus folgend intendierte, mittels einer vorübergehenden sozialen Exklusion die Kinder gesellschaftlich zu integrieren und zu nützlichen Mitglieder der Gesellschaft zu formen, errichtete...
Gehörlose galten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert lange als eine Gruppe von Behinderten. Zu ihren Eigen... more Gehörlose galten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert lange als eine Gruppe von Behinderten. Zu ihren Eigenheiten gehörte die Gebärdensprache, eine Ausdrucksform, die sie vom Rest der Gesellschaft trennte. Heute verstehen sich Gehörlose als kulturelle Minderheit. Ihre Identität gründet sich zu einem wesentlichen Teil auf der Gebärdensprache. Gehörlosigkeit pauschal als Behinderung abzustempeln, lehnen sie ab. Dieses Buch beleuchtet die wechselhafte Geschichte der Gehörlosen in der Schweiz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Orte, an denen sich die hörende Gesellschaft und die Gehörlosengemeinde begegneten, insbesondere die Taubstummenanstalten und späteren Sprachheilschulen, die bis in die 1980er-Jahre nach der Lautsprachmethode unterrichteten. Welchen pädagogischen Umgang pflegten die Gehörlosenschulen und -anstalten mit den Gehörlosen? Wie haben sich die pädagogischen Modelle verändert, insbesondere gegenüber der Gebärdensprache? Und welche Auswirkungen hatten die Schulen auf die gesellschaftliche Marginalisierung der Gebärdensprache und auf das Leben der Gehörlosen? Die Studie stützt sich auf breite Archivbestände und zahlreiche Interviews. Erstmals kommen in dieser Studie Betroffene selbst zu Wort: Gehörlose verschiedener Generationen, aber auch eine Reihe von Schulverantwortlichen. Sie erzählen eine bislang weitgehend unbekannte Geschichte einer gesellschaftlichen Minderheit - aus erster Hand
This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of ‘intersex’ children at the ... more This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of ‘intersex’ children at the University Children’s Hospital Zurich between 1945 and 1970. This was an era of rapid change in paediatric medicine, something that was mirrored in Zurich. Andrea Prader, the principal figure in this paper, started his career during the late 1940s and was instrumental in moving the hospital towards focusing more on expertise in chronic diseases. Starting in 1950, he helped the Zurich hospital to become the premier centre for the treatment of so-called ‘intersex’ children. It is this treatment, and, in particular, the clinical decision-making that is the centre of our article. This field of medicine was itself not stable. Rapid development of diagnostic tools led to the emergence of new diagnostic categories, the availability of new drugs changed the management of the children’s bodies and an increased number of medical experts became involved in decision-making, a particular focus lay wi...
Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung: Jenseits von Mann und Frau 4 2 Intergeschlechtlichkeit: eine beg... more Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung: Jenseits von Mann und Frau 4 2 Intergeschlechtlichkeit: eine begriffliche Annäherung 6 3 Geschlechterforschung und queer theory 8 4
In the second half of the twentieth century, the Zurich Children’s Hospital (Kispi) developed int... more In the second half of the twentieth century, the Zurich Children’s Hospital (Kispi) developed into an internationally renowned treatment center for »intersexuality.« Children with ambiguous body-sexual characteristics were given there a clearly male or female identification by means of surgical interventions and/or hormone therapies. This study examines the question of how medical and family communication shaped the (narrated) experience of »intersex« treatments. Our analysis is based on nine oral history interviews with former Kispi patients. We show that communication in connection with the treatments was semi-tabooing and directive. We discuss the mode of communication in its social and medical-historical conditions (tabooing of the clitoris and »intersex,« paternalistic relationship between doctors and patients, concealment of »intersex« diagnoses as a doctrine), examine its biographical effects (ignorance of one’s own body, feelings of shame, stigmatization) and address individ...
This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of 'intersex' children at the ... more This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of 'intersex' children at the University Children's Hospital Zurich between 1945 and 1970. This was an era of rapid change in paediatric medicine, something that was mirrored in Zurich. Andrea Prader, the principal figure in this paper, started his career during the late 1940s and was instrumental in moving the hospital towards focusing more on expertise in chronic diseases. Starting in 1950, he helped the Zurich hospital to become the premier centre for the treatment of so-called 'intersex' children. It is this treatment, and, in particular, the clinical decision-making that is the centre of our article. This field of medicine was itself not stable. Rapid development of diagnostic tools led to the emergence of new diagnostic categories, the availability of new drugs changed the management of the children's bodies and an increased number of medical experts became involved in decision-making, a particular focus lay with the role of the children themselves and of course with their families. How involved were children or their families in an era widely known as the golden age of medicine?
The first institutions for children classified as ‘deaf-mute’ were established in
Switzerland
a... more The first institutions for children classified as ‘deaf-mute’ were established in
Switzerland
at the beginning of the 19th century. The administrative intervention,
based on enlightened thinking, was intended to educate deaf children in order to
turn them into useful members of society via temporary social exclusion. This essay
considers related problems by focusing on the Taubstummenanstalt Hohenrain,
Canton Lucerne, from 1847 to 1942. It examines how social normality was defined
and negotiated ex negativo in an institutional context. Based on the premise of the
mutual organization of discourse and practice, it shows how in the field of educating
the deaf a medical premise displaced the primary pedagogically motivated
discourse.
This had a major impact not only on the discourse, but also on
the administrative
practice of the care homes for the ‘deaf-mute’. By the end of the
19th century deafness was more and more considered as a disease; the focus of
institutional approach was on healing or at least on therapy of deafness. This resulted
not only in an increased marginalisation and discrimination of deaf people,
but also had implications for identity-building processes.
Entgegen der (durchaus heute noch gängigen) bürgerlichen Idealvorstellung einer Kindheit, die im ... more Entgegen der (durchaus heute noch gängigen) bürgerlichen Idealvorstellung einer Kindheit, die im „Schosse“ der Familie verbracht wird, gab – und gibt es – zahlreiche alternierende Formen des Aufwachsens. So zum Beispiel die institutionalisierte Fürsorge für Kinder und Jugendliche in Erziehungsheimen, der dieses Dissertations-projekt gewidmet ist. Institutionalisierte Fremdplatzierungen von Kindern – sei es in Pflegefamilien, privaten oder öffentlichen Heimen - zeichneten sich bis weit ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein nicht nur durch fehlende gesetzliche Bestimmungen aus, sondern waren gleichermassen mit gesellschaftlicher Marginalisierung, sozialer Isolation wie auch nicht selten mit sowohl physischer als auch psychischer Gewaltanwendung verbunden. Das Dispositiv Heimerziehung, das einem aufklärerischen Impetus folgend intendierte, mittels einer vorübergehenden sozialen Exklusion die Kinder gesellschaftlich zu integrieren und zu nützlichen Mitglieder der Gesellschaft zu formen, errichtete...
Gehörlose galten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert lange als eine Gruppe von Behinderten. Zu ihren Eigen... more Gehörlose galten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert lange als eine Gruppe von Behinderten. Zu ihren Eigenheiten gehörte die Gebärdensprache, eine Ausdrucksform, die sie vom Rest der Gesellschaft trennte. Heute verstehen sich Gehörlose als kulturelle Minderheit. Ihre Identität gründet sich zu einem wesentlichen Teil auf der Gebärdensprache. Gehörlosigkeit pauschal als Behinderung abzustempeln, lehnen sie ab. Dieses Buch beleuchtet die wechselhafte Geschichte der Gehörlosen in der Schweiz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Orte, an denen sich die hörende Gesellschaft und die Gehörlosengemeinde begegneten, insbesondere die Taubstummenanstalten und späteren Sprachheilschulen, die bis in die 1980er-Jahre nach der Lautsprachmethode unterrichteten. Welchen pädagogischen Umgang pflegten die Gehörlosenschulen und -anstalten mit den Gehörlosen? Wie haben sich die pädagogischen Modelle verändert, insbesondere gegenüber der Gebärdensprache? Und welche Auswirkungen hatten die Schulen auf die gesellschaftliche Marginalisierung der Gebärdensprache und auf das Leben der Gehörlosen? Die Studie stützt sich auf breite Archivbestände und zahlreiche Interviews. Erstmals kommen in dieser Studie Betroffene selbst zu Wort: Gehörlose verschiedener Generationen, aber auch eine Reihe von Schulverantwortlichen. Sie erzählen eine bislang weitgehend unbekannte Geschichte einer gesellschaftlichen Minderheit - aus erster Hand
This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of ‘intersex’ children at the ... more This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of ‘intersex’ children at the University Children’s Hospital Zurich between 1945 and 1970. This was an era of rapid change in paediatric medicine, something that was mirrored in Zurich. Andrea Prader, the principal figure in this paper, started his career during the late 1940s and was instrumental in moving the hospital towards focusing more on expertise in chronic diseases. Starting in 1950, he helped the Zurich hospital to become the premier centre for the treatment of so-called ‘intersex’ children. It is this treatment, and, in particular, the clinical decision-making that is the centre of our article. This field of medicine was itself not stable. Rapid development of diagnostic tools led to the emergence of new diagnostic categories, the availability of new drugs changed the management of the children’s bodies and an increased number of medical experts became involved in decision-making, a particular focus lay wi...
Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung: Jenseits von Mann und Frau 4 2 Intergeschlechtlichkeit: eine beg... more Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung: Jenseits von Mann und Frau 4 2 Intergeschlechtlichkeit: eine begriffliche Annäherung 6 3 Geschlechterforschung und queer theory 8 4
In the second half of the twentieth century, the Zurich Children’s Hospital (Kispi) developed int... more In the second half of the twentieth century, the Zurich Children’s Hospital (Kispi) developed into an internationally renowned treatment center for »intersexuality.« Children with ambiguous body-sexual characteristics were given there a clearly male or female identification by means of surgical interventions and/or hormone therapies. This study examines the question of how medical and family communication shaped the (narrated) experience of »intersex« treatments. Our analysis is based on nine oral history interviews with former Kispi patients. We show that communication in connection with the treatments was semi-tabooing and directive. We discuss the mode of communication in its social and medical-historical conditions (tabooing of the clitoris and »intersex,« paternalistic relationship between doctors and patients, concealment of »intersex« diagnoses as a doctrine), examine its biographical effects (ignorance of one’s own body, feelings of shame, stigmatization) and address individ...
This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of 'intersex' children at the ... more This manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of 'intersex' children at the University Children's Hospital Zurich between 1945 and 1970. This was an era of rapid change in paediatric medicine, something that was mirrored in Zurich. Andrea Prader, the principal figure in this paper, started his career during the late 1940s and was instrumental in moving the hospital towards focusing more on expertise in chronic diseases. Starting in 1950, he helped the Zurich hospital to become the premier centre for the treatment of so-called 'intersex' children. It is this treatment, and, in particular, the clinical decision-making that is the centre of our article. This field of medicine was itself not stable. Rapid development of diagnostic tools led to the emergence of new diagnostic categories, the availability of new drugs changed the management of the children's bodies and an increased number of medical experts became involved in decision-making, a particular focus lay with the role of the children themselves and of course with their families. How involved were children or their families in an era widely known as the golden age of medicine?
The first institutions for children classified as ‘deaf-mute’ were established in
Switzerland
a... more The first institutions for children classified as ‘deaf-mute’ were established in
Switzerland
at the beginning of the 19th century. The administrative intervention,
based on enlightened thinking, was intended to educate deaf children in order to
turn them into useful members of society via temporary social exclusion. This essay
considers related problems by focusing on the Taubstummenanstalt Hohenrain,
Canton Lucerne, from 1847 to 1942. It examines how social normality was defined
and negotiated ex negativo in an institutional context. Based on the premise of the
mutual organization of discourse and practice, it shows how in the field of educating
the deaf a medical premise displaced the primary pedagogically motivated
discourse.
This had a major impact not only on the discourse, but also on
the administrative
practice of the care homes for the ‘deaf-mute’. By the end of the
19th century deafness was more and more considered as a disease; the focus of
institutional approach was on healing or at least on therapy of deafness. This resulted
not only in an increased marginalisation and discrimination of deaf people,
but also had implications for identity-building processes.
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Papers by Mirjam Janett
Switzerland
at the beginning of the 19th century. The administrative intervention,
based on enlightened thinking, was intended to educate deaf children in order to
turn them into useful members of society via temporary social exclusion. This essay
considers related problems by focusing on the Taubstummenanstalt Hohenrain,
Canton Lucerne, from 1847 to 1942. It examines how social normality was defined
and negotiated ex negativo in an institutional context. Based on the premise of the
mutual organization of discourse and practice, it shows how in the field of educating
the deaf a medical premise displaced the primary pedagogically motivated
discourse.
This had a major impact not only on the discourse, but also on
the administrative
practice of the care homes for the ‘deaf-mute’. By the end of the
19th century deafness was more and more considered as a disease; the focus of
institutional approach was on healing or at least on therapy of deafness. This resulted
not only in an increased marginalisation and discrimination of deaf people,
but also had implications for identity-building processes.
Switzerland
at the beginning of the 19th century. The administrative intervention,
based on enlightened thinking, was intended to educate deaf children in order to
turn them into useful members of society via temporary social exclusion. This essay
considers related problems by focusing on the Taubstummenanstalt Hohenrain,
Canton Lucerne, from 1847 to 1942. It examines how social normality was defined
and negotiated ex negativo in an institutional context. Based on the premise of the
mutual organization of discourse and practice, it shows how in the field of educating
the deaf a medical premise displaced the primary pedagogically motivated
discourse.
This had a major impact not only on the discourse, but also on
the administrative
practice of the care homes for the ‘deaf-mute’. By the end of the
19th century deafness was more and more considered as a disease; the focus of
institutional approach was on healing or at least on therapy of deafness. This resulted
not only in an increased marginalisation and discrimination of deaf people,
but also had implications for identity-building processes.