Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associ... more Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associated with issues such as doping, harassment, violence, betting, match-fixing, corruption, ethical deviance, and lack of governance. Currently, protecting and strengthening integrity involves two approaches: (1) attempting to maintain integrity by establishing rules and ensuring people comply with them (the rules approach), and (2) seeking to maintain integrity by looking to the future and aiming to avoid negative evaluation (the means approach). However, we hypothesize that adopting an approach that attempts to maintain the integrity by drawing out the altruistic and socially respectful traits inherent in people is also possible, and we set out to build a system to address this as an organization through a holistic approach. In this study, we aim to identify the relevant concepts that are important in building a mechanism to enhance integrity as an organization through a scoping review c...
We examined whether hyperacute disaster medical resilience training can be applied to the sports ... more We examined whether hyperacute disaster medical resilience training can be applied to the sports We examined whether hyperacute disaster medical resilience training can be applied to the sports field. The participants were 25 sports/nursing university students who participated in two trials of field. The participants were 25 sports/nursing university students who participated in two trials of hyperacute disaster medical resilience training "Treasure Hunting". In the first trial (hyperacute disaster medical resilience training "Treasure Hunting". In the first trial (n n＝12) , we used ＝12) , we used the Group Effectiveness Scale and the Group Process Maturity Scale to determine whether the "Treasure the Group Effectiveness Scale and the Group Process Maturity Scale to determine whether the "Treasure Hunting" provided opportunities for participants to learn group effectiveness. In the second trial (Hunting" provided opportunities for participants to learn group effectiveness. In the second trial (n n＝13) , ＝13) , based on the responses to the web survey, we examined whether "Treasure hunting" could be applied based on the responses to the web survey, we examined whether "Treasure hunting" could be applied to the training of sports teams. Teams that performed well in the "Treasure Hunting" rated themselves to the training of sports teams. Teams that performed well in the "Treasure Hunting" rated themselves higher in sharing goals, expressing emotions, leadership, decision-making processes, trust, mechanisms higher in sharing goals, expressing emotions, leadership, decision-making processes, trust, mechanisms for obtaining feedback, cooperation, and clear communication. Moreover, the second trial showed that for obtaining feedback, cooperation, and clear communication. Moreover, the second trial showed that "Treasure hunting" has the applicability to sports that teamwork is the key to winning. Disaster response "Treasure hunting" has the applicability to sports that teamwork is the key to winning. Disaster response for recovery and sports have the process in common as leading the next action by obtaining limited for recovery and sports have the process in common as leading the next action by obtaining limited information effectively from the uncertain fluid situation. The "Treasure Hunting" that made teams build information effectively from the uncertain fluid situation. The "Treasure Hunting" that made teams build high score strategies from limited information was thought to be useful in the sports field as well. high score strategies from limited information was thought to be useful in the sports field as well.
Objective measurements using built-in smartphone sensors that can measure physical activity/inact... more Objective measurements using built-in smartphone sensors that can measure physical activity/inactivity in daily working life have the potential to provide a new approach to assessing workers' health effects. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics and reliability of built-in step counting sensors on smartphones for development of an easy-to-use objective measurement tool that can be applied in ergonomics or epidemiological research. To evaluate the reliability of step counting sensors embedded in seven major smartphone models, the 6-minute walk test was conducted and the following analyses of sensor precision and accuracy were performed: 1) relationship between actual step count and step count detected by sensors, 2) reliability between smartphones of the same model, and 3) false detection rates when sitting during office work, while riding the subway, and driving. On five of the seven models, the inter-class correlations coefficient (ICC (3,1)) showed high re...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
Managing people from different backgrounds has brought great benefits to work organizations. Howe... more Managing people from different backgrounds has brought great benefits to work organizations. However, previous research has shown that diversity may have negative effects on performance because of diversity “faultlines”, hypothetical dividing lines that may split a group into subgroups. We conducted an empirical study on faultlines for the first time in Japan to investigate the present status of faultlines and to assess the degree to which workers perceive that (certain) attributes (e.g. nationality, ethnicity, age, personality, attitude) may have an impact on the emergence of faultlines in Japanese work organizations. It has been shown that task-related attributes such as specialty and ability/knowledge are great factors affecting faultlines, and that every participant perceives faultlines based on such attributes as specialty, personality, and attitude.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
In Japan, several study have shown that satisfaction with extracurricular activities for junior a... more In Japan, several study have shown that satisfaction with extracurricular activities for junior and high school students influences satisfaction with their school life. However, there are some possibilities in satisfaction factors between junior and high school students. We conducted a study to clarity the differences in satisfaction factors (satisfiers) and dissatisfaction factors (dissatisfiers) for the students in extracurricular activities. However, there are little theories about their satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Here, we applied Herzberg’s “Motivation-Hygiene theory” to our specific area of extracurricular activities. It has been shown that bad “supervision-technical” is likely to cause junior high school students’ dissatisfaction, whereas not so for high school students.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
In this study, a quantitative rating of the communication using the device (behavior sensor) whic... more In this study, a quantitative rating of the communication using the device (behavior sensor) which enabled the measurement of communication and social skills in the hospital, was implemented. The subjects of this study were two hospitals. The measurement of communication used the behavior sensor which electronic badges were capable of measuring social signals, it was measured for two weeks. The result of the communication activity between staffs was 58.0 min per day. In comparison with the communication time, male nurses were more than one and a half times larger than females (p < 0.001). Particularly, male nurses tended to regard cooperation as more nurses regardless of job status or sex. According to the result of social skills, more experienced nurses had high skill. In the GP analysis of the communication time, the skill of emotion processing of an upper rank group was higher than a lower rank group (p < 0.1). These observations led to the speculation that a male nurse made more communication in the workplace, and cooperated with more nurses. In addition, the nurse who had high communication skills tended to have high expression skill of one’s feelings.
In ball games, individuals collaborate to enhance their team's performance by sharing images ... more In ball games, individuals collaborate to enhance their team's performance by sharing images and ideas that have not been verbalized. One of a coach's roles is to ascertain whether players share a common understanding of their team's images so as to devise tactics. Accordingly, this study aimed to verify the hypothesis that sharing images such as tacit knowledge that has not been verbalized occurs in collective interaction when utterances increase substantially during problem-solving. The participants were 13 male university handball players whose teams were championship contenders in Japan. A mixed methods research design was employed. Scenes in which two groups engaged in problem-solving were recorded and data of each participant's utterances were obtained. The utterances were analyzed quantitatively by employing Smirnoff-Grubbs and the time periods including those with a substantial number of utterances were identified. What happened during the identified time per...
Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clie... more Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clients. Additionally, employees were required to provide a high quality service from both the client and the organization they belonging. It is predicted that employees were exposed much occupational stress. Resilience is focused as a capital to keep on career development or design in the face of adversities. Workplace improvement is focused as an effective effort in order to decrease occupational stress (Kogi, 2006). It is very important to decrease a risk of occupational stress. However, it is never that stress disappear completely in your work career. Hence, it is necessary that you enhance resilience, it is help you to progress in adversities. Shoji (2014) showed follows as point of view for enhancing resilience through daily operations. 1) Encouraging to challenge, 2) constructing a relatedness to receive supports in workplace, 3) using feedbacks from clients. It is shown that resilien...
Examining the relationship between incidence rates of occupational accidents and injuries and eco... more Examining the relationship between incidence rates of occupational accidents and injuries and economic trend indexes Fumiko MATSUDA (The Ohara Memorial
BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has b... more BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has been described in Japanese fetuses and children, and its possible links to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been discussed. Accordingly, this sexual difference in representative neonates merits examination. AIMS This study aimed to examine 2D:4D measurements and sexual differences in Japanese toddlers aged 1.5 years. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The digit lengths used to calculate 2D:4D were measured using an easy-to-use photography method. A total of 1045 JECS-A (the Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study) children (males, 523; females, 522) aged 1.5 years were analyzed. RESULTS The mean ages for the males and females were 575.3 ± 13.1 and 575.9 ± 17.1 days, respectively. Histograms of left and right 2D:4D were normally distributed regardless of sex (left male, 0.909 ± 0.048; left female, 0.913 ± 0.049, d = 0.08; right male, 0.938 ± 0.055; right female, 0.937 ± 0.049, d = 0.02). Because of high dispersion in the data, t-tests did not support a significant sex difference in 2D:4D. Post-hoc statistical power was calculated as 0.124 and the effect size for the sex difference in 2D:4D was 0.036. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to confirm sexual differences in 2D:4D in 1.5-year-old Japanese children. This may be because digit measurement is difficult in this group, resulting in reduced effect sizes, or because rapid growth attenuates the in utero sexual dimorphism. This evidence is useful for the light it casts on the extreme male brain theory of ASDs.
, risk management against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Since January 2020, risk manag... more , risk management against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Since January 2020, risk management against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an urgent social issue. Ergonomics can contribute to reducing social anxiety under has become an urgent social issue. Ergonomics can contribute to reducing social anxiety under the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) disasters through risk the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) disasters through risk communication. This paper discusses ergonomic research issues for crisis and emergency risk communication. This paper discusses ergonomic research issues for crisis and emergency risk communication (CERC) among stakeholders to promote appropriate understanding and behavioral communication (CERC) among stakeholders to promote appropriate understanding and behavioral change against social anxiety caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally we summarized ergonomic change against social anxiety caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally we summarized ergonomic research issues from following four perspectives: 1) CERC factors in CBRNE disasters, 2) action-research issues from following four perspectives: 1) CERC factors in CBRNE disasters, 2) actionoriented communication mitigating social anxiety, 3) ergonomic theory and practice against the public oriented communication mitigating social anxiety, 3) ergonomic theory and practice against the public health crisis of COVID-19, and 4) academic role of human factors and ergonomics communities. health crisis of COVID-19, and 4) academic role of human factors and ergonomics communities. 2020年1月以降，新型コロナウィルス(COVID-19)に対するリスク対応が喫緊の社会課題である．こ のようなCBRNE災害(Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive)に対し，人間工学が 果たせる貢献のひとつにリスクコミュニケーションがあげられる．本稿では次の4視点で人間工学におけ るリサーチイシューを整理した：1)CBRNE災害におけるCERC要素とそのリサーチイシュー，2)社会 不安へ対応する行動志向型コミュニケーションのリサーチイシュー，3)COVID-19の公衆衛生危機に対 する人間工学研究と実践のリサーチイシュー，4)人間工学コミュニティが果たす役割．これら4視点か らCOVID-19による社会不安軽減に向けた人間工学研究の方向性を示すこととした． (キーワード：リスクコミュニケーション，CBRNE災害，COVID-19，人間工学ナッジ，CERC)
The present study aimed to characterize ergonomics studies in terms of ethical considerations. Fe... more The present study aimed to characterize ergonomics studies in terms of ethical considerations. Features of ergonomics studies were extracted from 132 original or short communication articles published in the Japanese Journal of Ergonomics between 2010 and 2014, before new Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects came into force, and were compiled based on the elements concerning ethical considerations such as types of invasiveness or intervention, procedures for obtaining informed consent, and primary outcomes of research. Our interpretation showed that studies with intervention accounted for 93.6% of 125 studies involving human subjects while there were only a few studies with invasiveness. They also showed that outcomes dealt in the ergonomic research range quite widely including health, safety, human characteristics, and the development of new measurement methods. We confirmed that such current trends in ergonomic research should be considered when the ergonomics ethical guideline is revised. 本研究は，人間工学研究の特色を倫理配慮の観点から明らかにすることを目的とした．人間工学誌2010年 2月号～ 2014年12月号に掲載された「人を対象とする医学系研究に関する倫理指針」が施行される以前の原 著・短報132編を対象に，侵襲や介入の有無，倫理配慮の手続きやアウトカムなど倫理配慮に関する要素を もとに集計を行った．筆者らの解釈による結果では，侵襲を伴う研究はわずかであるが，人を対象とした研 究125編のうち介入を伴う研究が93.6％を占めた．また，人間工学研究で扱うアウトカムは広範に及び， 「健康」 「安全」 「人の諸特性」 「計測手法・尺度開発」などが多数を占めた．人間工学倫理指針の改定に際し，それら人 間工学研究の動向を考慮する必要性を確認した． (キーワード：研究倫理，人間工学研究，人を対象とする医学系研究，IRB)
Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associ... more Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associated with issues such as doping, harassment, violence, betting, match-fixing, corruption, ethical deviance, and lack of governance. Currently, protecting and strengthening integrity involves two approaches: (1) attempting to maintain integrity by establishing rules and ensuring people comply with them (the rules approach), and (2) seeking to maintain integrity by looking to the future and aiming to avoid negative evaluation (the means approach). However, we hypothesize that adopting an approach that attempts to maintain the integrity by drawing out the altruistic and socially respectful traits inherent in people is also possible, and we set out to build a system to address this as an organization through a holistic approach. In this study, we aim to identify the relevant concepts that are important in building a mechanism to enhance integrity as an organization through a scoping review c...
We examined whether hyperacute disaster medical resilience training can be applied to the sports ... more We examined whether hyperacute disaster medical resilience training can be applied to the sports We examined whether hyperacute disaster medical resilience training can be applied to the sports field. The participants were 25 sports/nursing university students who participated in two trials of field. The participants were 25 sports/nursing university students who participated in two trials of hyperacute disaster medical resilience training "Treasure Hunting". In the first trial (hyperacute disaster medical resilience training "Treasure Hunting". In the first trial (n n＝12) , we used ＝12) , we used the Group Effectiveness Scale and the Group Process Maturity Scale to determine whether the "Treasure the Group Effectiveness Scale and the Group Process Maturity Scale to determine whether the "Treasure Hunting" provided opportunities for participants to learn group effectiveness. In the second trial (Hunting" provided opportunities for participants to learn group effectiveness. In the second trial (n n＝13) , ＝13) , based on the responses to the web survey, we examined whether "Treasure hunting" could be applied based on the responses to the web survey, we examined whether "Treasure hunting" could be applied to the training of sports teams. Teams that performed well in the "Treasure Hunting" rated themselves to the training of sports teams. Teams that performed well in the "Treasure Hunting" rated themselves higher in sharing goals, expressing emotions, leadership, decision-making processes, trust, mechanisms higher in sharing goals, expressing emotions, leadership, decision-making processes, trust, mechanisms for obtaining feedback, cooperation, and clear communication. Moreover, the second trial showed that for obtaining feedback, cooperation, and clear communication. Moreover, the second trial showed that "Treasure hunting" has the applicability to sports that teamwork is the key to winning. Disaster response "Treasure hunting" has the applicability to sports that teamwork is the key to winning. Disaster response for recovery and sports have the process in common as leading the next action by obtaining limited for recovery and sports have the process in common as leading the next action by obtaining limited information effectively from the uncertain fluid situation. The "Treasure Hunting" that made teams build information effectively from the uncertain fluid situation. The "Treasure Hunting" that made teams build high score strategies from limited information was thought to be useful in the sports field as well. high score strategies from limited information was thought to be useful in the sports field as well.
Objective measurements using built-in smartphone sensors that can measure physical activity/inact... more Objective measurements using built-in smartphone sensors that can measure physical activity/inactivity in daily working life have the potential to provide a new approach to assessing workers' health effects. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics and reliability of built-in step counting sensors on smartphones for development of an easy-to-use objective measurement tool that can be applied in ergonomics or epidemiological research. To evaluate the reliability of step counting sensors embedded in seven major smartphone models, the 6-minute walk test was conducted and the following analyses of sensor precision and accuracy were performed: 1) relationship between actual step count and step count detected by sensors, 2) reliability between smartphones of the same model, and 3) false detection rates when sitting during office work, while riding the subway, and driving. On five of the seven models, the inter-class correlations coefficient (ICC (3,1)) showed high re...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
Managing people from different backgrounds has brought great benefits to work organizations. Howe... more Managing people from different backgrounds has brought great benefits to work organizations. However, previous research has shown that diversity may have negative effects on performance because of diversity “faultlines”, hypothetical dividing lines that may split a group into subgroups. We conducted an empirical study on faultlines for the first time in Japan to investigate the present status of faultlines and to assess the degree to which workers perceive that (certain) attributes (e.g. nationality, ethnicity, age, personality, attitude) may have an impact on the emergence of faultlines in Japanese work organizations. It has been shown that task-related attributes such as specialty and ability/knowledge are great factors affecting faultlines, and that every participant perceives faultlines based on such attributes as specialty, personality, and attitude.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
In Japan, several study have shown that satisfaction with extracurricular activities for junior a... more In Japan, several study have shown that satisfaction with extracurricular activities for junior and high school students influences satisfaction with their school life. However, there are some possibilities in satisfaction factors between junior and high school students. We conducted a study to clarity the differences in satisfaction factors (satisfiers) and dissatisfaction factors (dissatisfiers) for the students in extracurricular activities. However, there are little theories about their satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Here, we applied Herzberg’s “Motivation-Hygiene theory” to our specific area of extracurricular activities. It has been shown that bad “supervision-technical” is likely to cause junior high school students’ dissatisfaction, whereas not so for high school students.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
In this study, a quantitative rating of the communication using the device (behavior sensor) whic... more In this study, a quantitative rating of the communication using the device (behavior sensor) which enabled the measurement of communication and social skills in the hospital, was implemented. The subjects of this study were two hospitals. The measurement of communication used the behavior sensor which electronic badges were capable of measuring social signals, it was measured for two weeks. The result of the communication activity between staffs was 58.0 min per day. In comparison with the communication time, male nurses were more than one and a half times larger than females (p < 0.001). Particularly, male nurses tended to regard cooperation as more nurses regardless of job status or sex. According to the result of social skills, more experienced nurses had high skill. In the GP analysis of the communication time, the skill of emotion processing of an upper rank group was higher than a lower rank group (p < 0.1). These observations led to the speculation that a male nurse made more communication in the workplace, and cooperated with more nurses. In addition, the nurse who had high communication skills tended to have high expression skill of one’s feelings.
In ball games, individuals collaborate to enhance their team's performance by sharing images ... more In ball games, individuals collaborate to enhance their team's performance by sharing images and ideas that have not been verbalized. One of a coach's roles is to ascertain whether players share a common understanding of their team's images so as to devise tactics. Accordingly, this study aimed to verify the hypothesis that sharing images such as tacit knowledge that has not been verbalized occurs in collective interaction when utterances increase substantially during problem-solving. The participants were 13 male university handball players whose teams were championship contenders in Japan. A mixed methods research design was employed. Scenes in which two groups engaged in problem-solving were recorded and data of each participant's utterances were obtained. The utterances were analyzed quantitatively by employing Smirnoff-Grubbs and the time periods including those with a substantial number of utterances were identified. What happened during the identified time per...
Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clie... more Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clients. Additionally, employees were required to provide a high quality service from both the client and the organization they belonging. It is predicted that employees were exposed much occupational stress. Resilience is focused as a capital to keep on career development or design in the face of adversities. Workplace improvement is focused as an effective effort in order to decrease occupational stress (Kogi, 2006). It is very important to decrease a risk of occupational stress. However, it is never that stress disappear completely in your work career. Hence, it is necessary that you enhance resilience, it is help you to progress in adversities. Shoji (2014) showed follows as point of view for enhancing resilience through daily operations. 1) Encouraging to challenge, 2) constructing a relatedness to receive supports in workplace, 3) using feedbacks from clients. It is shown that resilien...
Examining the relationship between incidence rates of occupational accidents and injuries and eco... more Examining the relationship between incidence rates of occupational accidents and injuries and economic trend indexes Fumiko MATSUDA (The Ohara Memorial
BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has b... more BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has been described in Japanese fetuses and children, and its possible links to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been discussed. Accordingly, this sexual difference in representative neonates merits examination. AIMS This study aimed to examine 2D:4D measurements and sexual differences in Japanese toddlers aged 1.5 years. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The digit lengths used to calculate 2D:4D were measured using an easy-to-use photography method. A total of 1045 JECS-A (the Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study) children (males, 523; females, 522) aged 1.5 years were analyzed. RESULTS The mean ages for the males and females were 575.3 ± 13.1 and 575.9 ± 17.1 days, respectively. Histograms of left and right 2D:4D were normally distributed regardless of sex (left male, 0.909 ± 0.048; left female, 0.913 ± 0.049, d = 0.08; right male, 0.938 ± 0.055; right female, 0.937 ± 0.049, d = 0.02). Because of high dispersion in the data, t-tests did not support a significant sex difference in 2D:4D. Post-hoc statistical power was calculated as 0.124 and the effect size for the sex difference in 2D:4D was 0.036. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to confirm sexual differences in 2D:4D in 1.5-year-old Japanese children. This may be because digit measurement is difficult in this group, resulting in reduced effect sizes, or because rapid growth attenuates the in utero sexual dimorphism. This evidence is useful for the light it casts on the extreme male brain theory of ASDs.
, risk management against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Since January 2020, risk manag... more , risk management against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Since January 2020, risk management against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an urgent social issue. Ergonomics can contribute to reducing social anxiety under has become an urgent social issue. Ergonomics can contribute to reducing social anxiety under the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) disasters through risk the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) disasters through risk communication. This paper discusses ergonomic research issues for crisis and emergency risk communication. This paper discusses ergonomic research issues for crisis and emergency risk communication (CERC) among stakeholders to promote appropriate understanding and behavioral communication (CERC) among stakeholders to promote appropriate understanding and behavioral change against social anxiety caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally we summarized ergonomic change against social anxiety caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. Finally we summarized ergonomic research issues from following four perspectives: 1) CERC factors in CBRNE disasters, 2) action-research issues from following four perspectives: 1) CERC factors in CBRNE disasters, 2) actionoriented communication mitigating social anxiety, 3) ergonomic theory and practice against the public oriented communication mitigating social anxiety, 3) ergonomic theory and practice against the public health crisis of COVID-19, and 4) academic role of human factors and ergonomics communities. health crisis of COVID-19, and 4) academic role of human factors and ergonomics communities. 2020年1月以降，新型コロナウィルス(COVID-19)に対するリスク対応が喫緊の社会課題である．こ のようなCBRNE災害(Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive)に対し，人間工学が 果たせる貢献のひとつにリスクコミュニケーションがあげられる．本稿では次の4視点で人間工学におけ るリサーチイシューを整理した：1)CBRNE災害におけるCERC要素とそのリサーチイシュー，2)社会 不安へ対応する行動志向型コミュニケーションのリサーチイシュー，3)COVID-19の公衆衛生危機に対 する人間工学研究と実践のリサーチイシュー，4)人間工学コミュニティが果たす役割．これら4視点か らCOVID-19による社会不安軽減に向けた人間工学研究の方向性を示すこととした． (キーワード：リスクコミュニケーション，CBRNE災害，COVID-19，人間工学ナッジ，CERC)
The present study aimed to characterize ergonomics studies in terms of ethical considerations. Fe... more The present study aimed to characterize ergonomics studies in terms of ethical considerations. Features of ergonomics studies were extracted from 132 original or short communication articles published in the Japanese Journal of Ergonomics between 2010 and 2014, before new Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects came into force, and were compiled based on the elements concerning ethical considerations such as types of invasiveness or intervention, procedures for obtaining informed consent, and primary outcomes of research. Our interpretation showed that studies with intervention accounted for 93.6% of 125 studies involving human subjects while there were only a few studies with invasiveness. They also showed that outcomes dealt in the ergonomic research range quite widely including health, safety, human characteristics, and the development of new measurement methods. We confirmed that such current trends in ergonomic research should be considered when the ergonomics ethical guideline is revised. 本研究は，人間工学研究の特色を倫理配慮の観点から明らかにすることを目的とした．人間工学誌2010年 2月号～ 2014年12月号に掲載された「人を対象とする医学系研究に関する倫理指針」が施行される以前の原 著・短報132編を対象に，侵襲や介入の有無，倫理配慮の手続きやアウトカムなど倫理配慮に関する要素を もとに集計を行った．筆者らの解釈による結果では，侵襲を伴う研究はわずかであるが，人を対象とした研 究125編のうち介入を伴う研究が93.6％を占めた．また，人間工学研究で扱うアウトカムは広範に及び， 「健康」 「安全」 「人の諸特性」 「計測手法・尺度開発」などが多数を占めた．人間工学倫理指針の改定に際し，それら人 間工学研究の動向を考慮する必要性を確認した． (キーワード：研究倫理，人間工学研究，人を対象とする医学系研究，IRB)
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Papers by Naoto Shoji