Resistance to fusarium wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht .) f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.... more Resistance to fusarium wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht .) f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen race 3 in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) was discovered in LA 716, a L. pennellii accession. A resistant BC1F3 breeding line, E427, was developed from LA 716. E427 was crossed with the susceptible cv. Suncoast and F1, BCP1 , BCP2 (to Fla 7155, a susceptible parent) F2, F3, and BCP2S1 seeds were obtained. Segregation for resistance following root dip inoculation over three experiments indicated a single dominant gene controlled resistance. Five of the 12 BCP1S1's segregated more susceptible plants, whereas one of the 12 segregated more resistant plants than expected (P<0 .05). Three of 23 F3 lines segregated more susceptible plants than expected while 1 of the 23 had more resistant plants than expected (P<0 .05). Segregation in all other lines fit expected ratios. Five of the 23 F3's were homozygous resistant which was an acceptable fit to expectations (P = 0.1-0 .5). The gene symbol 13 is proposed for resistance to race 3 of the wilt pathogen. Deviations from expected ratios in data reported here and for other breeding lines indicate an effect of modifier genes and/or incomplete penetrance. Plant age at inoculation and seed dormancy did not affect results. * Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 8101. ' This pathogen will be referred to as race 3 herein but it is the equivalent of race 2 according to the classification system of Gabe (Gabe, 1975) .
We examined the spatiotemporal organization of excitatory regions in 197 simple receptive fields ... more We examined the spatiotemporal organization of excitatory regions in 197 simple receptive fields from cat area 17 using the peristimulus time response-plane technique of Stevens and Gerstein (53). With this method we observed a striking similarity between the spatiotemporal organization of excitatory regions in simple receptive fields and the excitatory centers in X or Y geniculate receptive fields. This observation suggested to us the possibility that individual simple receptive fields may be differentially innervated by either X or Y geniculate afferents. To test this hypothesis, we devised a quantitative measure that could characterize the excitatory regions in simple receptive fields as being X-like or Y-like. This measure was based on an understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of geniculate X and Y receptive fields. Further evidence supporting this division of simple cells was derived from additional physiological and anatomical comparisons. When compared to Y-like sim...
Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications, 1999
Notes that the demographic predictions of dramatic increase in the number of elderly members of l... more Notes that the demographic predictions of dramatic increase in the number of elderly members of local congregations will change the focus and emphasis in pastoral ministry in the next millennium as the needs of the aging take precedence. Argues for a comprehensive, life-cycle approach to ministries with the aging that integrates theology and the behavioral sciences. Offers examples and practical methods for ministering more effectively to this important and growing population in the local church.
Certain fractures and/or dislocations of the femoral head are known to cause arterial injury and ... more Certain fractures and/or dislocations of the femoral head are known to cause arterial injury and result in post-traumatic osteonecrosis. However, the more complex etiology of non-traumatic osteonecrosis is multifactorial and includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, thermal injuries, and especially coagulopathies, which are now commonly observed in these patients. Intravascular coagulation with fibrin thrombosis begins in the capillaries and sinusoids of the intraosseous microcirculation, and residual venous thrombosis is more likely to occur if there is coexistent hypofibrinolysis. Coagulopathies are intermediary events, which are always activated by some underlying etiologic risk factor(s). Conditions capable of triggering intravascular coagulation include familial thrombophilia (resistance to activated protein C, decreased protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III, and hyperhomocystinemia), hyperlipemia and embolic lipid (alcoholism and hypercortisonism), hypersensitivity reactions (allograft organ rejection, immune complexes, and antiphospholipid antibodies), bacterial endotoxic (Shwartzman) reactions and various viral infections, proteolytic enzymes (pancreatitis), tissue factor release (inflammatory bowel disease, malignancies, neurotrauma, and pregnancy), and other thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic disorders. Currently known risk factors for non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head are described briefly in this review article.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1996
The toxicity of most xenobiotics is associated with their enzymatic conversion to toxic metabolit... more The toxicity of most xenobiotics is associated with their enzymatic conversion to toxic metabolites, a process termed bioactivation. Although stable, but toxic, metabolites may be formed, as in the biotransformation of dichloromethane to carbon monoxide, most bioactivation reactions afford electrophilic, reactive intermediates. The reactivity of these intermediates usually prevents their direct observation and characterization. Hence strategies that permit the experimentalist to gain insight into the formation and fate of reactive intermediates is of much value in understanding bioactivation reactions. The objective of this review is to point out the utility of computational chemistry in studying the formation and fate of toxic metabolites.
Abstract Reconstruction of a tungsten surface by adsorbed layers of gold, silver and copper has b... more Abstract Reconstruction of a tungsten surface by adsorbed layers of gold, silver and copper has been studied by field emission and field ion microscopy. Gold reconstructs the surface in three ways, termed the α, β and γ rearrangements. The α rearrangement, which results in a smoothing of the tungsten surface, takes place at around 400° K with gold coverages of 5 monolayers (5θ), and is thought to be an increase in structural perfection of the tungsten surface by gold-assisted surface diffusion of tungsten atoms, β-reconstruction takes place in the temperature range 480–950°K at coverages ⩾ 1.7θ, producing a faceted surface which comprises {211} and {110} facets, and is thought to result from the need to minimise the free energy at the gold/tungsten interface. The γ structure, which appears above 1400°K, is believed to represent a change in the shape of the tip by transport of tungsten to the (110) locality. Adsorbed silver produces neither β nor γ structures, and the degree of α rearrangement is very small, being confined to the {230} regions of the substrate. Copper lies between silver and gold in its ability to rearrange the tungsten surface, some degree of α rearrangement is detectable, and the β structure is very poorly developed unlike the γ structure which is clearly formed. The binding strength of copper to tungsten is greater than that of silver, but less than that of gold; the capacity of an adsorbate, to reconstruct the tungsten substrate is therefore thought to be related to the strength of the adsorbate-substrate bond.
We present a critical analysis of most current methods for the estimation of ultrasound attenuati... more We present a critical analysis of most current methods for the estimation of ultrasound attenuation from echo sequences back-scattered from human soft tissues. The fundamental assumptions of each technique are emphasized. The results of a newly-developed threedimensional physical model to realistically describe the pulse-echo process are presented in order to establish the underlying physical basis for the attenuation estimation met hods.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 1998
This article is a report on a symposium held at Experimental Biology '98 in San Francisco, Ca... more This article is a report on a symposium held at Experimental Biology '98 in San Francisco, California. Recent developments in site-directed mutagenesis, computer-modeling, and mechanistic analysis of cytochromes P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenases are described. A unifying theme is the elaboration of general approaches for understanding and predicting the function of individual forms of these enzymes. A related goal is the production of soluble forms of mammalian cytochromes P450 for X-ray crystallography.
Intravascular coagulation of the intraosseous microcirculation (capillaries and venous sinusoids)... more Intravascular coagulation of the intraosseous microcirculation (capillaries and venous sinusoids) progressing to generalized venous thrombosis, and less commonly retrograde arterial occlusion, now appears to be the cause of nontraumatic osteonecrosis. However, this coagulopathy is only an intermediary event, which is always activated by some underlying etiologic risk factor(s). Conditions capable of triggering intravascular coagulation include familial thrombophilia (resistance to activated protein C, decreased protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III), hyperlipemia and embolic lipid (alcoholism and hypercortisonism), hypersensitivity reactions (allograft organ rejection, immune complexes, and antiphospholipid antibodies), bacterial endotoxic (Shwartzman) reactions and various viral infections, proteolytic enzymes (pancreatitis), tissue factor release (inflammatory bowel disease, malignancies, neurotrauma, and pregnancy), and other prothrombotic and hypofibrinolytic conditions.
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are the backbone of immunosuppressiv... more Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are the backbone of immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation and also used to treat serious autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, these agents have been associated with a variety of toxic effects, including renal dysfunction. The exact biological basis for CNI-induced renal dysfunction has not been fully elucidated. CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 are two P450 isozymes expressed in the kidney that contribute to the metabolism of arachidonic acids to vasoprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). This project tested the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in coding and/or regulatory regions of human CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 will lead to changes in enzymatic activity and/or expression levels, disrupting EETs formation. Inhibition of CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 function by CNIs with resulting decreases in target tissue EET levels may underlie or exacerbate renal toxicity observed with these agents. To test these hypotheses, 158 adult Caucasian post l...
Eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine and injected int... more Eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine and injected intravenously into sensitized mice. They became localized at sites of inflammation produced by intradermal injections of schistosomal antigen or Toxocara canis larvae, whereas labeled neutrophils did not. Intense uptake of eosinophils by normal spleen, liver, and bone marrow was noted, with tracer distribution effectively complete by 5 hours after injection. Indium-111-eosinophil studies appear to be quite sensitive to parasitic inflammatory reactions; in contrast, nonspecific inflammation such as that induced by turpentine causes localization of eosinophils, but to a lesser extent. This technique may be useful in the study of parasitic and allergic disease.
International Conference on Sensor Technology (ISTC 2001), 2001
ABSTRACT The direct electrochemistry of flavin-containing monooxygenase, pentachlorophenol hydrox... more ABSTRACT The direct electrochemistry of flavin-containing monooxygenase, pentachlorophenol hydroxlase (PCPH), has been investigated under a variety of conditions. PCPH underwent a two-electron process on the electrodes, which orrsponded to the reduction/oxidation of FAD/FADH(2) within the enzyme. The electrochemical response of PCPH relies on the interface of the electrode and the enzyme solution. Three types of interaction of the enzyme molecule with the electrodes were observed: at a bare edge-plane graphite electrode, diffusion-controlled process was observed, suggesting the interaction is weak. In the presence of the cations, the interaction became stronger, so that the voltammetric response changed from a diffusion control to an adsorption control. An intermediate case was observed at a poly((L)-lysine) modified EPG electrode. Electrochemistry of PCPH in the presence of substrates showed that PCPH was biologically active.
h i g h l i g h t s • CLEA-Lac was recycled by a MF membrane without a significant loss of activi... more h i g h l i g h t s • CLEA-Lac was recycled by a MF membrane without a significant loss of activity. • There was a clear synergistic effect between the CLEA-Lac and the MF membrane. • HBR achieved more than 90% eliminations of the three selected pharmaceuticals. • HBR could be used as an innovative bioprocess to eliminate micropollutants.
Results are presented in which a physically‐based, three‐dimensional model that fully integrates ... more Results are presented in which a physically‐based, three‐dimensional model that fully integrates surface and variably‐saturated subsurface flow processes is applied to the 75 km2 Laurel Creek Watershed within the Grand River basin in Southern Ontario, Canada. The primary objective of this study is to gauge the model's ability to reproduce surface and subsurface hydrodynamic processes at the watershed scale. Our objective was first accomplished by calibrating the steady‐state subsurface portion of the system to 50 observation wells where hydraulic head data were available, while simultaneously matching the stream baseflow discharge. The level of agreement between the observed and computed subsurface hydraulic head values, baseflow discharge and the spatial pattern of the surface drainage network indicates that the model captures the essence of the surface‐subsurface hydraulic characteristics of the watershed. The calibrated model is then subjected to two time series of input rain...
Several investigators have demonstrated the feasibility of imaging at the cellular level using ac... more Several investigators have demonstrated the feasibility of imaging at the cellular level using acoustical microscopy. It has also been proposed that acoustical microscopy technology might be adopted for in vivo applications. Before such applications are implemented, it is important to demonstrate that any major deleterious effects are highly unlikely. To this end, we have repeatedly scanned NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts in culture using an Olympus UH3 acoustical microscope operating at 600 MHz. No adverse effects were observed even after exposures for 1 h. Spatial peak temporal averaged intensities were estimated to be below 300 mW/cm 2 .
... Although interfacial slip of molecularly thin water layers on gold has been observed by Krim ... more ... Although interfacial slip of molecularly thin water layers on gold has been observed by Krim et al. [20] and confirmed by Rodahl and Kasemo [21], the latter have also shown that significant slip does not take place for thicker layers. Thalhammer et al. ...
False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah., has been occurring in Louisiana rice ... more False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah., has been occurring in Louisiana rice since at least 1906 (4). A color plate (no. 69) of the disease was published in the Compendium of Rice Diseases published by the American Phytopathological Society (3). The slide for this plate was taken by M. C. Rush in 1976 of rice grown at the Rice Research Station at Crowley, LA. Since that time, the disease has been sporadic and light in Louisiana. In 1997, however, incidence was high. False smut was present on many germ plasms at the Rice Research Station in Crowley and was observed on commercial cultivars in several growers' fields in southwestern Louisiana. Incidence ranged from 1 to 15% of tillers infected with at least two to three spore balls per infected panicle. The disease occurred on both long- and medium-grain cultivars. False smut of rice occurs in the field at the hard dough to mature stages of the crop. A few spikelets in a panicle transform into globose, yellowish...
The cytochrome P450s play a unique role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Characteristics which a... more The cytochrome P450s play a unique role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Characteristics which allow a vast number of foreign compounds to be metabolized by a limited number of enzymes include broad substrate specificity and broad regioselectivity. Because of their importance in both the metabolism and toxicity of drugs and environmental contaminants, efforts are being made to use computational methods to predict these biotransformation pathways. This review describes the recent progress towards the prediction of the tertiary structures of the various P450s and the determination of the electronic characteristics of substrates which determine their tendency to be oxidized by the P450s.
Resistance to fusarium wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht .) f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.... more Resistance to fusarium wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht .) f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen race 3 in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) was discovered in LA 716, a L. pennellii accession. A resistant BC1F3 breeding line, E427, was developed from LA 716. E427 was crossed with the susceptible cv. Suncoast and F1, BCP1 , BCP2 (to Fla 7155, a susceptible parent) F2, F3, and BCP2S1 seeds were obtained. Segregation for resistance following root dip inoculation over three experiments indicated a single dominant gene controlled resistance. Five of the 12 BCP1S1's segregated more susceptible plants, whereas one of the 12 segregated more resistant plants than expected (P<0 .05). Three of 23 F3 lines segregated more susceptible plants than expected while 1 of the 23 had more resistant plants than expected (P<0 .05). Segregation in all other lines fit expected ratios. Five of the 23 F3's were homozygous resistant which was an acceptable fit to expectations (P = 0.1-0 .5). The gene symbol 13 is proposed for resistance to race 3 of the wilt pathogen. Deviations from expected ratios in data reported here and for other breeding lines indicate an effect of modifier genes and/or incomplete penetrance. Plant age at inoculation and seed dormancy did not affect results. * Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 8101. ' This pathogen will be referred to as race 3 herein but it is the equivalent of race 2 according to the classification system of Gabe (Gabe, 1975) .
We examined the spatiotemporal organization of excitatory regions in 197 simple receptive fields ... more We examined the spatiotemporal organization of excitatory regions in 197 simple receptive fields from cat area 17 using the peristimulus time response-plane technique of Stevens and Gerstein (53). With this method we observed a striking similarity between the spatiotemporal organization of excitatory regions in simple receptive fields and the excitatory centers in X or Y geniculate receptive fields. This observation suggested to us the possibility that individual simple receptive fields may be differentially innervated by either X or Y geniculate afferents. To test this hypothesis, we devised a quantitative measure that could characterize the excitatory regions in simple receptive fields as being X-like or Y-like. This measure was based on an understanding of the spatiotemporal organization of geniculate X and Y receptive fields. Further evidence supporting this division of simple cells was derived from additional physiological and anatomical comparisons. When compared to Y-like sim...
Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications, 1999
Notes that the demographic predictions of dramatic increase in the number of elderly members of l... more Notes that the demographic predictions of dramatic increase in the number of elderly members of local congregations will change the focus and emphasis in pastoral ministry in the next millennium as the needs of the aging take precedence. Argues for a comprehensive, life-cycle approach to ministries with the aging that integrates theology and the behavioral sciences. Offers examples and practical methods for ministering more effectively to this important and growing population in the local church.
Certain fractures and/or dislocations of the femoral head are known to cause arterial injury and ... more Certain fractures and/or dislocations of the femoral head are known to cause arterial injury and result in post-traumatic osteonecrosis. However, the more complex etiology of non-traumatic osteonecrosis is multifactorial and includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, thermal injuries, and especially coagulopathies, which are now commonly observed in these patients. Intravascular coagulation with fibrin thrombosis begins in the capillaries and sinusoids of the intraosseous microcirculation, and residual venous thrombosis is more likely to occur if there is coexistent hypofibrinolysis. Coagulopathies are intermediary events, which are always activated by some underlying etiologic risk factor(s). Conditions capable of triggering intravascular coagulation include familial thrombophilia (resistance to activated protein C, decreased protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III, and hyperhomocystinemia), hyperlipemia and embolic lipid (alcoholism and hypercortisonism), hypersensitivity reactions (allograft organ rejection, immune complexes, and antiphospholipid antibodies), bacterial endotoxic (Shwartzman) reactions and various viral infections, proteolytic enzymes (pancreatitis), tissue factor release (inflammatory bowel disease, malignancies, neurotrauma, and pregnancy), and other thrombophilic and hypofibrinolytic disorders. Currently known risk factors for non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head are described briefly in this review article.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1996
The toxicity of most xenobiotics is associated with their enzymatic conversion to toxic metabolit... more The toxicity of most xenobiotics is associated with their enzymatic conversion to toxic metabolites, a process termed bioactivation. Although stable, but toxic, metabolites may be formed, as in the biotransformation of dichloromethane to carbon monoxide, most bioactivation reactions afford electrophilic, reactive intermediates. The reactivity of these intermediates usually prevents their direct observation and characterization. Hence strategies that permit the experimentalist to gain insight into the formation and fate of reactive intermediates is of much value in understanding bioactivation reactions. The objective of this review is to point out the utility of computational chemistry in studying the formation and fate of toxic metabolites.
Abstract Reconstruction of a tungsten surface by adsorbed layers of gold, silver and copper has b... more Abstract Reconstruction of a tungsten surface by adsorbed layers of gold, silver and copper has been studied by field emission and field ion microscopy. Gold reconstructs the surface in three ways, termed the α, β and γ rearrangements. The α rearrangement, which results in a smoothing of the tungsten surface, takes place at around 400° K with gold coverages of 5 monolayers (5θ), and is thought to be an increase in structural perfection of the tungsten surface by gold-assisted surface diffusion of tungsten atoms, β-reconstruction takes place in the temperature range 480–950°K at coverages ⩾ 1.7θ, producing a faceted surface which comprises {211} and {110} facets, and is thought to result from the need to minimise the free energy at the gold/tungsten interface. The γ structure, which appears above 1400°K, is believed to represent a change in the shape of the tip by transport of tungsten to the (110) locality. Adsorbed silver produces neither β nor γ structures, and the degree of α rearrangement is very small, being confined to the {230} regions of the substrate. Copper lies between silver and gold in its ability to rearrange the tungsten surface, some degree of α rearrangement is detectable, and the β structure is very poorly developed unlike the γ structure which is clearly formed. The binding strength of copper to tungsten is greater than that of silver, but less than that of gold; the capacity of an adsorbate, to reconstruct the tungsten substrate is therefore thought to be related to the strength of the adsorbate-substrate bond.
We present a critical analysis of most current methods for the estimation of ultrasound attenuati... more We present a critical analysis of most current methods for the estimation of ultrasound attenuation from echo sequences back-scattered from human soft tissues. The fundamental assumptions of each technique are emphasized. The results of a newly-developed threedimensional physical model to realistically describe the pulse-echo process are presented in order to establish the underlying physical basis for the attenuation estimation met hods.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 1998
This article is a report on a symposium held at Experimental Biology '98 in San Francisco, Ca... more This article is a report on a symposium held at Experimental Biology '98 in San Francisco, California. Recent developments in site-directed mutagenesis, computer-modeling, and mechanistic analysis of cytochromes P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenases are described. A unifying theme is the elaboration of general approaches for understanding and predicting the function of individual forms of these enzymes. A related goal is the production of soluble forms of mammalian cytochromes P450 for X-ray crystallography.
Intravascular coagulation of the intraosseous microcirculation (capillaries and venous sinusoids)... more Intravascular coagulation of the intraosseous microcirculation (capillaries and venous sinusoids) progressing to generalized venous thrombosis, and less commonly retrograde arterial occlusion, now appears to be the cause of nontraumatic osteonecrosis. However, this coagulopathy is only an intermediary event, which is always activated by some underlying etiologic risk factor(s). Conditions capable of triggering intravascular coagulation include familial thrombophilia (resistance to activated protein C, decreased protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III), hyperlipemia and embolic lipid (alcoholism and hypercortisonism), hypersensitivity reactions (allograft organ rejection, immune complexes, and antiphospholipid antibodies), bacterial endotoxic (Shwartzman) reactions and various viral infections, proteolytic enzymes (pancreatitis), tissue factor release (inflammatory bowel disease, malignancies, neurotrauma, and pregnancy), and other prothrombotic and hypofibrinolytic conditions.
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are the backbone of immunosuppressiv... more Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are the backbone of immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation and also used to treat serious autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, these agents have been associated with a variety of toxic effects, including renal dysfunction. The exact biological basis for CNI-induced renal dysfunction has not been fully elucidated. CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 are two P450 isozymes expressed in the kidney that contribute to the metabolism of arachidonic acids to vasoprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). This project tested the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in coding and/or regulatory regions of human CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 will lead to changes in enzymatic activity and/or expression levels, disrupting EETs formation. Inhibition of CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 function by CNIs with resulting decreases in target tissue EET levels may underlie or exacerbate renal toxicity observed with these agents. To test these hypotheses, 158 adult Caucasian post l...
Eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine and injected int... more Eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine and injected intravenously into sensitized mice. They became localized at sites of inflammation produced by intradermal injections of schistosomal antigen or Toxocara canis larvae, whereas labeled neutrophils did not. Intense uptake of eosinophils by normal spleen, liver, and bone marrow was noted, with tracer distribution effectively complete by 5 hours after injection. Indium-111-eosinophil studies appear to be quite sensitive to parasitic inflammatory reactions; in contrast, nonspecific inflammation such as that induced by turpentine causes localization of eosinophils, but to a lesser extent. This technique may be useful in the study of parasitic and allergic disease.
International Conference on Sensor Technology (ISTC 2001), 2001
ABSTRACT The direct electrochemistry of flavin-containing monooxygenase, pentachlorophenol hydrox... more ABSTRACT The direct electrochemistry of flavin-containing monooxygenase, pentachlorophenol hydroxlase (PCPH), has been investigated under a variety of conditions. PCPH underwent a two-electron process on the electrodes, which orrsponded to the reduction/oxidation of FAD/FADH(2) within the enzyme. The electrochemical response of PCPH relies on the interface of the electrode and the enzyme solution. Three types of interaction of the enzyme molecule with the electrodes were observed: at a bare edge-plane graphite electrode, diffusion-controlled process was observed, suggesting the interaction is weak. In the presence of the cations, the interaction became stronger, so that the voltammetric response changed from a diffusion control to an adsorption control. An intermediate case was observed at a poly((L)-lysine) modified EPG electrode. Electrochemistry of PCPH in the presence of substrates showed that PCPH was biologically active.
h i g h l i g h t s • CLEA-Lac was recycled by a MF membrane without a significant loss of activi... more h i g h l i g h t s • CLEA-Lac was recycled by a MF membrane without a significant loss of activity. • There was a clear synergistic effect between the CLEA-Lac and the MF membrane. • HBR achieved more than 90% eliminations of the three selected pharmaceuticals. • HBR could be used as an innovative bioprocess to eliminate micropollutants.
Results are presented in which a physically‐based, three‐dimensional model that fully integrates ... more Results are presented in which a physically‐based, three‐dimensional model that fully integrates surface and variably‐saturated subsurface flow processes is applied to the 75 km2 Laurel Creek Watershed within the Grand River basin in Southern Ontario, Canada. The primary objective of this study is to gauge the model's ability to reproduce surface and subsurface hydrodynamic processes at the watershed scale. Our objective was first accomplished by calibrating the steady‐state subsurface portion of the system to 50 observation wells where hydraulic head data were available, while simultaneously matching the stream baseflow discharge. The level of agreement between the observed and computed subsurface hydraulic head values, baseflow discharge and the spatial pattern of the surface drainage network indicates that the model captures the essence of the surface‐subsurface hydraulic characteristics of the watershed. The calibrated model is then subjected to two time series of input rain...
Several investigators have demonstrated the feasibility of imaging at the cellular level using ac... more Several investigators have demonstrated the feasibility of imaging at the cellular level using acoustical microscopy. It has also been proposed that acoustical microscopy technology might be adopted for in vivo applications. Before such applications are implemented, it is important to demonstrate that any major deleterious effects are highly unlikely. To this end, we have repeatedly scanned NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts in culture using an Olympus UH3 acoustical microscope operating at 600 MHz. No adverse effects were observed even after exposures for 1 h. Spatial peak temporal averaged intensities were estimated to be below 300 mW/cm 2 .
... Although interfacial slip of molecularly thin water layers on gold has been observed by Krim ... more ... Although interfacial slip of molecularly thin water layers on gold has been observed by Krim et al. [20] and confirmed by Rodahl and Kasemo [21], the latter have also shown that significant slip does not take place for thicker layers. Thalhammer et al. ...
False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah., has been occurring in Louisiana rice ... more False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah., has been occurring in Louisiana rice since at least 1906 (4). A color plate (no. 69) of the disease was published in the Compendium of Rice Diseases published by the American Phytopathological Society (3). The slide for this plate was taken by M. C. Rush in 1976 of rice grown at the Rice Research Station at Crowley, LA. Since that time, the disease has been sporadic and light in Louisiana. In 1997, however, incidence was high. False smut was present on many germ plasms at the Rice Research Station in Crowley and was observed on commercial cultivars in several growers' fields in southwestern Louisiana. Incidence ranged from 1 to 15% of tillers infected with at least two to three spore balls per infected panicle. The disease occurred on both long- and medium-grain cultivars. False smut of rice occurs in the field at the hard dough to mature stages of the crop. A few spikelets in a panicle transform into globose, yellowish...
The cytochrome P450s play a unique role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Characteristics which a... more The cytochrome P450s play a unique role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Characteristics which allow a vast number of foreign compounds to be metabolized by a limited number of enzymes include broad substrate specificity and broad regioselectivity. Because of their importance in both the metabolism and toxicity of drugs and environmental contaminants, efforts are being made to use computational methods to predict these biotransformation pathways. This review describes the recent progress towards the prediction of the tertiary structures of the various P450s and the determination of the electronic characteristics of substrates which determine their tendency to be oxidized by the P450s.
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