The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardio... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction, independently of cholesterol-lowering effect. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice..
Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of c... more Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and some of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Long term statin therapy can cause a modest increase in new-onset diabetes risk, and there is great interest in the mechanisms for this adverse effect. Main proposed mechanisms are increased insulin resistance and some defects in insulin secretion. Many factors can affect the risk including pre-existing diabetic risk, older age and potency of statin. But clearly, the benefits of these drugs in preventing cardiovascular disease outweigh the potential risk of diabetes.The aim of this review is to give underlying pathomechanisms and clinical relevance of diabetogenic effect of statins. Peer Review History: Received: 18 May 2021; Revised: 24 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahaw...
Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative s... more Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative stress have been implicated in cardiovascular disorders observed in diabetes mellitus. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd, Iceland), which comprises mainly an antioxidant vitamin A, n:3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n:3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cardiovascular abnormalities in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Two days after single STZ (55 mg kg−1, i.p.) or vehicle injection, diabetes was verified by increased blood glucose, and non-diabetic and diabetic rats were left untreated or treated with CLO (0.5 mL kg−1 daily, by intragastric probing) for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in 12-week untreated-diabetic rats; CLO provided better weight gain, entirely prevented the plasma lipid abnormalities, but partially controlled the...
In diabetes, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality is vasculopathy. Though ... more In diabetes, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality is vasculopathy. Though flaxseed (FXS) is known for improving cardiovascular health, only limited studies are available on FXS concerning diabetic vascular reactivity. Hence, in this study, we studied vascular reactivity changes after FXS treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat aortae. Female Wistar rats were divided into following four groups: control (C), FXS treated (CT), diabetic (D), and FXS treated diabetic (DT) groups. FXS (0,714 g/kg/day; orally) was started after one week of STZ injection and was given for 12 weeks, phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions were obtained on isolated aortic rings in the presence of indomethacin, L-NAME and superoxide dismutase (SOD), individually. Phe-responses were increased significantly in D group and completely improved after FXS intake, whereas FXS increased vascular reactivity to Phe in C group. Indomethacin incubation significantly attenuated Phe-induced contractions in all groups of aorta, particularly in D group. L-NAME incubation significantly increased Phe responses in all groups except D group. SOD incubation decreased the contractions efficiently in D group. The decreament was much lower in DT compared to D group, but reverse effects were observed in CT group. Our findings suggest FXS may provide beneficial effects on diabetes-induced vascular reactivity changes through NO and prostaglandin dependent pathways, but in healty condition FXS may have adverse effect probably via pro-oxidant activity.
In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in si... more In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in situ forming implants were investigated also by means of gamma irradiation sterilization. Implant formulations contain 56% solvent, 38% polymer and 6% drug. For the preparation of the formulations, hydrophobic benzyl benzoate and moderately hydrophobic prophylene carbonate were used as solvents while medium molecular weight poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (Resomer RG 503H) was used as polymer and the formulation containing the solvents in 1:1 combination showed low initial burst and acceptable regular release of drug for 21 days. It was determined that drug release from this formulation was increased by application of gamma irradiation and the sterilization effect were investigated on solidified implant system by the morphological analysis, which used as descriptive for in vitro release behavior of drug. In vivo performance of the mentioned sterile formulation was investigated on rabbits and...
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in... more Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. The diabetes treatment has higher costs, limited efficacy and side effects. As a result of these factors, patients often have used alternative forms of therapy such as herbal medicines. Plants often contain various amounts of phenolics, flavonoids and tannins and most of the studies are focused on the antidiabetic effects of these phytochemicals due to their antioxidant properties. In this review, the role of oxidative stress on diabetes and the effects of different phytochemicals (limonene, sinnamic acid and ursolic acid) to diabetes mellitus therapy will be discussed.
The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cell... more The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cellular defense systems. This study investigated the effects of the powerful antioxidant SMe1EC2 (2-ethoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b] indolinium dichloride) on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in aged diabetic and aged matched control rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in rats aged 13-15 months. Diabetic and control rats were divided into two subgroups, one untreated and one treated with SMe1EC2 (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 months. SMe1EC2 ameliorated body weight loss, but not hyperglycemia of aged diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), yet in unchanged glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of aged diabetic rats. In the liver of the aged control rats, SMe1EC2 did not affe...
Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) an... more Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives are synthesized in plants and increasing attention has been given to them in recent years due to the high number of beneficial health properties attributed to their consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney cells of rats by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels; biochemical parameters including insulin, total bilirubin, and BCA protein levels; hepatic enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase; and lipi...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardio... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction, independently of cholesterol-lowering effect. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice..
Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of c... more Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and some of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Long term statin therapy can cause a modest increase in new-onset diabetes risk, and there is great interest in the mechanisms for this adverse effect. Main proposed mechanisms are increased insulin resistance and some defects in insulin secretion. Many factors can affect the risk including pre-existing diabetic risk, older age and potency of statin. But clearly, the benefits of these drugs in preventing cardiovascular disease outweigh the potential risk of diabetes.The aim of this review is to give underlying pathomechanisms and clinical relevance of diabetogenic effect of statins. Peer Review History: Received: 18 May 2021; Revised: 24 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahaw...
Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative s... more Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative stress have been implicated in cardiovascular disorders observed in diabetes mellitus. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd, Iceland), which comprises mainly an antioxidant vitamin A, n:3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n:3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cardiovascular abnormalities in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Two days after single STZ (55 mg kg−1, i.p.) or vehicle injection, diabetes was verified by increased blood glucose, and non-diabetic and diabetic rats were left untreated or treated with CLO (0.5 mL kg−1 daily, by intragastric probing) for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in 12-week untreated-diabetic rats; CLO provided better weight gain, entirely prevented the plasma lipid abnormalities, but partially controlled the...
In diabetes, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality is vasculopathy. Though ... more In diabetes, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality is vasculopathy. Though flaxseed (FXS) is known for improving cardiovascular health, only limited studies are available on FXS concerning diabetic vascular reactivity. Hence, in this study, we studied vascular reactivity changes after FXS treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat aortae. Female Wistar rats were divided into following four groups: control (C), FXS treated (CT), diabetic (D), and FXS treated diabetic (DT) groups. FXS (0,714 g/kg/day; orally) was started after one week of STZ injection and was given for 12 weeks, phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions were obtained on isolated aortic rings in the presence of indomethacin, L-NAME and superoxide dismutase (SOD), individually. Phe-responses were increased significantly in D group and completely improved after FXS intake, whereas FXS increased vascular reactivity to Phe in C group. Indomethacin incubation significantly attenuated Phe-induced contractions in all groups of aorta, particularly in D group. L-NAME incubation significantly increased Phe responses in all groups except D group. SOD incubation decreased the contractions efficiently in D group. The decreament was much lower in DT compared to D group, but reverse effects were observed in CT group. Our findings suggest FXS may provide beneficial effects on diabetes-induced vascular reactivity changes through NO and prostaglandin dependent pathways, but in healty condition FXS may have adverse effect probably via pro-oxidant activity.
In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in si... more In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in situ forming implants were investigated also by means of gamma irradiation sterilization. Implant formulations contain 56% solvent, 38% polymer and 6% drug. For the preparation of the formulations, hydrophobic benzyl benzoate and moderately hydrophobic prophylene carbonate were used as solvents while medium molecular weight poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (Resomer RG 503H) was used as polymer and the formulation containing the solvents in 1:1 combination showed low initial burst and acceptable regular release of drug for 21 days. It was determined that drug release from this formulation was increased by application of gamma irradiation and the sterilization effect were investigated on solidified implant system by the morphological analysis, which used as descriptive for in vitro release behavior of drug. In vivo performance of the mentioned sterile formulation was investigated on rabbits and...
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in... more Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hyperglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. The diabetes treatment has higher costs, limited efficacy and side effects. As a result of these factors, patients often have used alternative forms of therapy such as herbal medicines. Plants often contain various amounts of phenolics, flavonoids and tannins and most of the studies are focused on the antidiabetic effects of these phytochemicals due to their antioxidant properties. In this review, the role of oxidative stress on diabetes and the effects of different phytochemicals (limonene, sinnamic acid and ursolic acid) to diabetes mellitus therapy will be discussed.
The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cell... more The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cellular defense systems. This study investigated the effects of the powerful antioxidant SMe1EC2 (2-ethoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b] indolinium dichloride) on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in aged diabetic and aged matched control rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in rats aged 13-15 months. Diabetic and control rats were divided into two subgroups, one untreated and one treated with SMe1EC2 (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 months. SMe1EC2 ameliorated body weight loss, but not hyperglycemia of aged diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), yet in unchanged glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of aged diabetic rats. In the liver of the aged control rats, SMe1EC2 did not affe...
Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) an... more Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives are synthesized in plants and increasing attention has been given to them in recent years due to the high number of beneficial health properties attributed to their consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney cells of rats by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels; biochemical parameters including insulin, total bilirubin, and BCA protein levels; hepatic enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase; and lipi...
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