Fiji
Fiji(斐濟)
mikawitFici(斐濟)
mikawitFici kapolongan kitakit (Inkilis: Republic of Fiji;Fici sowal: Matanitu Tugalala o Viti), itiniay i timolay Taypinyang, kawali no Mannato, kaetip no Tongka, katimol no Towaro a palapalaan kitakit, o 330 a pala (malitosaay ko awaayay tamdaw a pala, o Witi ato Wanoa pala tasaay pala ko alomanay tamdaw maawaid ko 87%). Ngangan no kitakit nai Fici a sowa “Viti” no Tongka a ngiha.
Takaray sowal (概略)
mikawitO Fici hananay a kitakit I itiraay I Satimolan a Riyar,isawalian I o Panato(萬拿杜)、isaka’etip I o Tonga(東加)、isakatimol I o Tuparo(吐瓦魯). O Fici hananay a kitakit I ira ko 330 a
ko palo ngingra,o fatad nona kanatal I tadamimingay tato sa awaay ko tamdaw itira a maro’,nikawrira itira toya tata’angay a kanatal Fiti ato Fanua I o maro’ay a tamdaw tahira’ay to I 87% ko ka’aloman no tamdaw. Pakany tona ngangan no Fici I nani tiraay I sowal no Fici a tamdaw tora「Viti」, ono Tonga a ngiha’ orasak Fici Kapolongan Kitakit（Ikilis：Republic of Fiji；Fici：Matanitu Tugalala o Viti；Ficiinto：रिपब्लिक ऑफ फीजी）,ano somowal I Fici hananay aca a misa’amoko’.
Rikisi(歷史)
mikawitI’ayaw no 500 a so’ot miheca iraay to a tahini ko nani Aciya a tamdaw, I ikor to nonini I sa tahini sanay to ko kohecalay a tamdaw nani Yoropa,na tahini cangra I iraay to ko Fici a tamdaw a maro’ itini tona palapalaan. I 1871 miheca I mapatireng ko sa’ayaway a sifo Hontian Kitakit(斐濟王國) mikowan a palacecay tona palapalaan.
Nikawrira,I 1874 miheca matekop no Ikilis kona Hontian Kitakit,malamikowanan to no Ikilis kona kitakit.
1970 miheca malifet no Fici ko Ikilis ta o Fici to ko mikowanay tono hiyah a kitakit.
1987 miheca kinatosa ko pifelih no sofitay, sa’ayaway ira ko macangalay to sifo nai masaIntiyaay nipitekad, sakatosa milongoc to palasawad to hongtian rikec, nidemak to kapolongan kitakit, makotay no congtong ko tapang no misimaway,roma a kitakit nai “Fici salongocay” mafalic “Fici kapolongan kitakit” ahan. 1990 miheca mafalic ko ngangan “Fici salongoc kapolongan kitakit”. 1998 miheca miliyaw mafalic “Fici palapalaan kitakit”.
I 2006 miheca 5 folad 6 romi’ad, kalomaocan misingkiw itiya. 5 folad 18 romi’ad, o singkiw wiyyinhuy misaheci, i fafa’eday kalomaocan 71 ko iing, Fici marikecaytang ira ko 36 iing, Fici kongtang 31 iing, papolong finawlan tang 2 ko iing, roma a 2 iing o misatekaday misingkiw. Fici marikecaytang a kakeridan ci Lainiya Enkasa mipatireng to todong no kakomodan mikowanay[4].
I 2006 miheca 12 folad 5 romi’ad, kakeridan no mifolaway ci Felanke Mopaynimalama a sowal, maeminay no sofitay mikowan mi’emet ko polong no kitakit, mapalasawad ko kalamikowanay ni Enkalasay a demak, o cingra ko micarcaray citodong mikowan saan[5]. 12 folad 6 romi’ad, palakecay sifo a kakeridan ci Ciona Saynilankakali mipatireng[6]. 2007 miheca 1 folad 4 romi’ad, ci Mopaynimalama mihapiw o congtong patorodan ci Yosifo Iloiloan[7]. 1 folad 5 romi’ad, ci Mopaynimalama mihapiw to sakacitodong to pacarcaray sifo a mikeriday.
2011 miheca, mipatikol to yana ngangan no kitakit “Fici kapolongan kitakit”.
Sici (政治)
mikawitNo Fici a sici a masalaloma’ i kalomaocan mipalowadan, pakayni i kasasiroma no kasasiiked no cefang ko pilaheci, o kakomoan no Fici o tatapangan no sifo, o congtong patodong aca patorodan i kalomaocan a iing ’alomanay micokeray a pipatorodan, saka o nai kalomaocan nisingkiwan ko congtong. Sakidademaken i o congli ko citodongay ato kasalekad no kasahira mamikerid to sifo; mirikecay o kalomaocan ato sifo; mi siiked midemak ato mirikec. O Fici tahacila i 2012 miheca kopihayda to fafahiya hoti ci Ilisapay saka tosa o sakakaay tatakosan, nika nai 1987 mihecaan miteka o congtong to ko sakakaay kakeridan no kitakit; o Fici pakayni i 2006 miheca masasiwtoc paterep to Sakakaay a Micowatay no Inkilis Hongtian Kitakit a aro’, o dengan mapaterepay tina micowatay kitakit a laloma’an kitakit. Ikor i 2014 miheca 3 folad mapaterep mikihatiya tinakalomaoc[9], toya miheca 9 folad nao laloma’an no kitakit misingkiw a mihayda ko kasakitakit mapalowad ko kalacefang[10].
Mapatot i 1987 miheca kinatosa masasiwtoc maketon ko minco sici no Fici, nawhani itiya calemcem to sifo o Intiya a finacadan ko mi’emetay to Fici sanay. I 1990 miheca a kimpo mipatodong to Fici a finacadan a todong, nakawrira o saka’aloman no Intiya finacadan a mafolaw, saka malasawad ko tamdaw sakaserer no kicay a mapades, nika madipot aca ko Milanisiya tamdaw no ka’aloman. 1997 miheca mihapiw to nisalofan a kimpo no Fici malasaka lalen. 1999 mihecaan pakonira sanay a singkiw masadak ko Intiya finacadan citodongay mikowan to sifo. Ikor no 1 miheca, oya ’atekakay no Fici finacadan i 2000 miheca mipalasawad a misiwtoc. I paherekan no 2000 miheca mapalowad ko minco sici. 2006 miheca a pisiwtoc no sofitay paherek ko sakiminco a rakat, tangasa 2014 miheca itiya mapalowad ko minco a singkiw.
Sofitay 軍事
mikawitFici kapolongan kitakit a sofitay (RFMF), polong no sofitay 3,500 ko tamdaw, o caayay ka ’aloman a sofitay. Toni 3,200 tamdaw ono hekal (pakaseraay), enemay ko kasasiiked a cefang; roma, ira ko 6,000 ko pataroday, mamangay sofitay. Ira ko 3200 tamdaw ko tadahitay, ’Enemay masasiiked ko hitay (makatay) ato cecay a hitay (malingaday); roma, ira ko 6,000 tamdaw pataroday malitoloay makatay hitay. I ’ayaw ira ko culu (Zulu) mifelihay a sofitay (ira ko 80 hitay), i 2,000 miheca na mirapot to kasasiwtoc a malacinowas.
Kicay 經濟
mikawitO kicay no Fici o maomahay, mifotingay, misakilang, misanga’ay, misafodawan, miparatohay ato kalocalay, ikakangan. Maomahay paloma to kalolosay: tali, afinong, keke, kowa’, ato kasasiromaroma no losay ato dating, kafa (kava) ato panay. Pakaenay to kalong, cihacolay kolong, fafoy, ’aya’ayam, siri, tadasiri ato ’odal. Mifotingay satadamaanay kicay no Fici, nawhan sakaira no ’icel no tatirengan, ato sakaira no kalingadan ato sakaira no picomod no kinaira no kitakit. Misakilangay dadahal ira ko 956,860 kofo, o iraay ko 1.3% (GDF) no kitakit.
Misanga’ay o saka tatenaan no kalingadan. Misafodawan ato misafokelohay kinaira ira ko 1.4% no kitakit.
Miparatohay ato kalocalay a fana’ no Fici, masolot ko tadamaanay no hekal to kasakaysya pihatatanaman (back office services) tatorod to i Ficiay kosi midemak. saki ikakangan, ira ko ika, ninengnengan, ngiha, tingnaw, kalocalay kasasowal, taingwa a pisanga’ ato pasadakan.
Tamdaw(人口)
mikawitO misa’osian a tamdaw I 2003miheca o polong 837.000 tamdaw. O kadetek no tamdaw I cecay a likot ira ko 45.8 ko maro’ay a tamdaw.palalenen a mihapinang ko kato’edaw no ‘orip ira ko 72.1 ko miheca no kalotamdaw. I ‘ayaw no cecay a so’ot mihecah o katongal no tamdaw to kalomihecaan I 1.1%. ona tamdaw I o 15-64ko mihecaan ko ‘alomanay, o I tatelongan a mihecaan I 27.9miheca, o fafahiyan ko ‘alomanay to fa’inayan. O polong atamdaw I o Milanisya 54.3%,o Indo a tamdaw I 38.1%.
2003 miheca nipolongan misa’osi ko tamdaw no Fici 837,000 tamdaw. Kasacoco no tamdaw 45.8 tamdaw/pinfang kongli. Kala’isal no ’orip 72.1. nai 20 sici 30 miheca miteka, to mihecahecaan macakat ko tamdaw 1.1%. tamdaw no Fici nai 15-64 mihecaan o masakapahay a todong, mihecaan 27.9. kasasiiked no tamdaw to fainayan/fafahiyan 103 (fafahiyan=100).
o sowal(語言)
mikawitPakaynien I sarikec no Kenpo no Fici toloay ko no kitakit asowal,oriran I Ikilis asowal、Fici a sowal ato Indo a sowal(Hindustani)。Ona Hindustani hananay a sowal i o teloc no nani Indoay a tamdaw a sowal,ora Fici a sowal i o sowal no itinitiniay a maro’ i Fici a tamdaw o Yuencumin no Fici cangra. Pakaynien i sarikec no Kenpo i o tamdaw no Fici iraay ko niyah a salongac to pakiniyahay a harateng a somowal to sowal, ano ira ko mafokiray to loma a sowal i tangsolen no midemakay a komuyng to mamifelih to kafana’an ningra a sowal.
O Ikilis a sowal I o sakasasowal no Fici ato Indo a tamdaw, o sowal no kasasilomaloma a tamdaw o Ikilis a sowal ko sakacacofel, o matayal I sifo、I pitilidan、I kingko ato no rikec a tayal I saheto’ay o Ikilis ko sakasasowal. Matelek i kimpo no Fici ko malatoloay sowal no kitakit, Inkilis, Fici ato Intiya Setan (Hindustani) a sowal. Sakitini, Intiya Setan sowal o maro’ay i Fici a Intiya finacadan a sowal, Fici a sowal o no Fici finawlan a sowal. Midotoc to telak no kimpo no Fici, o Fici a finawklan a salonoc kasacecay a sowal o sakalalicay i citodongay no sifo, ano kacana’oran ira ko mamifalicay tosowal a tamdaw. O Inkilis o sakasasowal no Fici finacadan ato Intiya finacadan sakacaca’of. Kasasiroma finacadan o Inkilis a sowal ko citodongay sifo, citodongay kiiko, citodongay payso ato norikec citodongay ko pisa Inkilis a sowal. Fici a sowal ono Fici finacadan a sowal, ono Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan. Mangangataay to no Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan a Milanisiya, nika halafin marara’od masasiini to Polinisiya finacadan, saka masasicalay to Malay-Polinisiya a sowal no Tongka sowal masangilay.
O Intiya Setan sowal i Fici maro’ay Intiya finacadan ato Islan-Moselin ko pitooran ka sakasowalan. Ato itiniay Intiya a pala a nisowalan caay to kalecad ato Wol sowal sasiromaan, nika caay ko sakasicara ko kalalicay, saki kasasowal no Fici a Intiya Setan sowal, minengneng i Fici Intiya sowal.
Dengan tona toloay a kasasowal, ira ho ko romaroma a sowal i Fici. Kaetipay no Fici adihay ko sasiroma a sowal, no saki no sifo a nisowalan (Bau Standard) caay kalecad, ono roma finacadan a sowal. Oroma, ’adihay ko i Ficiay a Intiya tamdaw somowal to Intiya-Setan, masasowal to no Tamiel a sowal. Ira ko caay kapapina a somowalay to Pihari (Bihari) a sowal, Pangkalatis sowal ato romaroma a sowal. Itini i kitakit a Lotuma sowal (ono Polinisiya cecay a sowal).
Sera(土地)
mikawit
Itini i 18 00 S, 175 00 E, no Osiniya ko Fiji. Polong no sekalay i 18,274 sq km “saka 157 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 18,274 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 0 sq km ” Polong i 915,303 ko tamdaw.
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 23.30%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 55.70%, malo no roma to a sera 21%.
O kasasikiked a sakowan 行政區劃
mikawitFici masiiked 2 ko cisyasi, 4 ko kadademakan ato Lotuma pala. Cisyasi masiiked o Suwa ato Lawtoka; kadademakan masiiked kasasifoay, sakaetipay, saka’amisay ato sakawaliay. Mapapecih ko 14 ko liyad: Namosi, La, Riwa, Sayloa, Taylaywo, Naytasili, Natelokanousa, Pa, Poa, Kakawtelowi, Kantau, Law, Romaywiti, Makoata a liyad.
Palapalaan 地理
mikawitO dadahal no Fici a pala (halo riyar) 194,000 pinfang kongli, laloma’ 10% ko hekal.
O Fici 322 ko pala, o nitaliyokan no raka ko nanomacelalay a pala, laloma’ 1/3 ko niaro’an no tamdaw. Satata’akay pala o Witi pala ato Wanoa pala. O kadademakan no sifo i Sowa itiniay i Witi a pala. Malitoloay (4/3) ko tamdaw maro’ i Witi pala. Oni a pala ’adihay ko lotolotok, sa’akawangay i Tomabiwi lotok (Tomaniivi), nai toroh no riyar ira ko 1,324 ko laya’, o fa’edetay kala’oraday. Roma a maci ira ko Natii, Sausau ato Lawtuka.
Sailalan 交通
mikawitNanti kasakitakit hikokiciw itini i Witi a pala sakaetipay no Fici saka tolo maci a Nanti, malasatadamaanay no mirarakatay micomod i minato. Nawsoli kasakitakit hikociw itira i Sowa a maci.
Romi’ad (氣候)
mikawitO romi’ad no Fici o falawfaway faedetay tono riyar a romi’ad, masamihecaan ko falawfaway laloma’. Falawfaway i 11 folad tangasa sakatosa miheca 4 folad, sa’emelay romi’ad nai 5 folad tangasa 10 folad. Ano sa’eme’emal ko romi’ad tahira to i 22˚C (72˚F). ka’oradan a romi’ad, o kafalawfawan o ka’oradan, mangalef i hekalan. Talacowa cecay miheca ira ko sakaciherang a fali (mo^etep miheca masadak 10-12), ano haenen ko sowal, o so^emetayto ko romi’ad no Fici.
Kacacofelan (外交)
mikawitI 1975 miheca 11 folad 5 romi’ad, Congko ato Fici kapolongan kitakit masasitelek, mihapiw to kacacofelan a demak; mihayda ko Fici kapolongan kitakit i caay pahoda misedef to kacacofelan to Taywan a citodongay.
Fici kapolongan kitakit mipatereng i Koalalompo no Malaysiya ko takaraway citodongay no sifo, o Malaysiya mipatireng ito i Sowa ko takaraway citodongay no sifo. Onini tosaay kitakit nano mikowanan no Tata'akay Inkilis a Lekatep itiya, nai 1952 tangasa 1956 miheca kacalemceman itiya, o ’alomanay sofitay nai Ficiay tayni i Malaysiya[11].
Pitooan (宗教)
mikawitMitooray to Kristokaw a tamdaw micalap to 52.9%, mitooray to Intiyakiw ato Islankiw micalap to 38.1% ato 7.8%.
Pahahanan kitakit
i pitooran, o kasahirahira no pakayraananay ko Fici. Nawhani kasasiroma no finacadan ko maro’ay i Fici, orasaka, nai pahanhanan no kitakit pahapinang to kasasiroma no finacadan ko kasasinga’ay no ponka.
No kitakit pahanhanan
| Romi’ad | Ngangan no hanhan | Paini |
| Saka 1 folad 1 romi’ad | Syongac lisin | O syongac no Fici, roma niyaro’ masalipay, tangasa masafolaay. |
| Saka 2 ato 3 folad to mihecaan | Holi romi’ad lisin | No Intiyakiw a romi’ad - sakacicengel |
| Saka 3 ato 4 folad to mihecaan | Rama Navami lisin | No Intiyakiw a romi’ad – mihemek to kasofocan ni Lomo (kalatamdaw Piseno) |
| Saka 3 ato 4 folad to mihecaan | Piliyawan ni Yis ma’orip nai patay lisin | Rayray pitoor no Kristokiw a romi’ad
O sifo no Fici, patodong to pahanhanan pa’aliwacan kalomowadan ato ’ayaw sakalima kasemseman |
| Saka 5 folad 30 romi’ad | Pihiratengan to mama no kitakit | Sarakatay no Fici a sici tamdaw, o “mama no kitakit” ci Lala Sukuna, saikoray no falad a lipay ato romi’adan ko pihemakan. |
| Saka 7 folad | Kimpo romi’ad lisin | Pihiraten to pipatirengan to kimpo |
| Islan kalinta 3 falad 12 romi’ad | Tadamaanay pihiratengan lisin | Tadamaanay pihiratengan romi’ad, kasofocan ni Mohammote |
| Saka 9 folad | Pisatefosan romi’ad lisin | I Lautoka maci ko pidemakan, caay kaketon ko romi’ad |
| Saka 10 folad 10 romi’ad | Patirengan to kitakit no Fici lisin | O pihiratengan to pa’isal to Inkilis (1874 miheca) ato pisiikedan nai Inkilis (1970 miheca)
Masalipay ko pidemak no sifo “o lioay no Fici”, kasasiromaroma no ponka ko kaaini no lisin |
| Saka 10 folad 11 folad | Pitisilan to dawdaw (pata’engaday) lisin | No Intiyakiw a lisin, mitooray to Intiyakiw taypiaw no palemad sakakadofah a kawas to fafdahiyan ci Lakesemian, caay kaketon ko romi’ad |
| Saka 12 folad 25 romi’ad | Korosimas lisin | Rayray no lecok no Kristokiw |
(首都)
mikawitO [Suva](蘇瓦) ko Siyoto.
Onto 體育
mikawit2016 miheca 8 folad 11 romi’ad, no Fici papitoay tamdaw (7 tamdaw) a kanglangciyo cefang i Lio Olimpiko kalalifetan 43-7 mapidah ko Inkilis a cefang, i a’oc no rayray ko tada^ekim, sarakatay a maala tono Olimpiko a tada^ekim[12][13][14]. Itiya romi’ad, o Fici kitakit a sofo mihapiw tiya romi’ad mitelek o pihiratengan no kitakit.
Singpon mitiya 新聞媒體
mikawitSatadamaanay no Fici a singpon ira ko Fici sepow (Inkilis), romi’ad singpon, Fici pacidal singpon, Holam singpon ira ko Fici sepow ato Fici holam ngiha singpon.
O satadamaanay no Fici a casi ira ko no kitakit kaliaca, taypinyang kanatal (folad), i taypinyang palapala kasa’etal mapahapiw, o pihapiw 1 ’ofad a tilid.
I Fici ira ko paratohay kosi, patireng i 1985 miheca, ono sifo a paratohay, polong no kitakit no Fici paratohay calay, ira ko 6 a sakapot, o Fici a sowal, Inkilis sowal, Intiya sowal polong no kitakit. I Fici ira ko tilifi, patireng i 1993 miheca, ira ko cecay caay kaciaca a calay (Fiji One) ato ciacaay a tilifi (SKY Pacific), polong no kitakit ko paratoh[15].
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日)
mikawitPihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakasiwa 7 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci [[|George Konrote|George Konrote]](喬治·孔羅特), patirengan a romi’ad i 2015 a miheca(年) saka 11 folad saka 12 a romi’ad.ci Safulo.
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻)
mikawit1. Fiji. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022 [2022-07-29] (Inkilis).
2. Gini Index. World Bank. [5 November 2017]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 7 November 2017).
3. Human Development Report 2019 (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-21]. (nano nina’angan tilid i (PDF) 2019-12-09).
4. Nano nina’angan tilid i [2006-05-23]. (nano nina’angan tilid I 2010-01-18).
5. Nano nina’angan tilid i [2006-12-05]. (nano nina’angan tilid I 2015-04-02).
6. Nano nina’angan tilid i [2006-12-06]. (nano nina’angan tilid I 2016-03-24).
7. Nano nina’angan tilid i [2007-01-05]. (nano nina’angan tilid I 2015-04-02).
8. Nano nina’angan tilid i [2007-01-07]. (nano nina’angan tilid I 2016-03-24).
9. Fiji suspended from Commonwealth. BBC. 8 December 2006 [2019-08-05]. (nano nina’angan tilid I
2006-12-10).
10. Fiji rejoins Commonwealth as a full member. The Commonwealth. 26 September 2014 [28
September 2014]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2019-09-01).
11. Minister Kubuabola Discusses Development and Trade Cooperation with Malaysia. Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Fiji. 2011-08-03 [2014-01-22]. (nano nina’angan tilid i
2014-02-02).
12. Olympics Daytime. Rio 2016. 2016miheca 8 folad 11 romi’ad. CBC.
13. Fiji thrash Great Britain to win Olympic men’s rugby sevens gold. Guardian. 2016 miheca 8 folad 11 romi’ad [2016 miheca 8 folad 12romi’ad]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2019-05-02).
14. Rio Olympics 2016: Silver for GB as Fiji win sevens gold. BBC Sport. 2016 miheca 8 folad 12 romi’ad (nano nina’angan tilid i 2016-08-12).
15. Fici nikadademak. [2011-05-12]. (nano nina’angan tilid i 2010-10-20).