The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, Apr 1, 2018
Objective To compare the histopathological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of a... more Objective To compare the histopathological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of acquired cholesteatoma in children and adults. Patients and methods This study was carried out on 40 patients presenting with cholesteatomatous middle-ear disease. Twenty patients were of a pediatric age group (<18 years) and the rest were adults (>18 years). Patients were admitted to the ENT Department of Alexandria University Hospital. All cholesteatoma specimens were collected intraoperatively and preserved for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical technique using the epidermal growth factor (EGF) monoclonal antibody. Results Histopathological examination of the submitted specimens showed that strips of stratified squamous epithelium with the underlying tissues were fibrous in adults, whereas cellular inflammatory infiltrates were observed in children. The degree of fibrosis was significantly higher in the adult group, whereas the pediatric group had higher inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemical examination indicated significantly higher expression of EGF in children compared with adults both in the matrix and in the perimatrix of acquired cholesteatoma. Conclusion Children with acquired cholesteatoma had higher inflammatory infiltration and significant expression of EGF in both the matrix and the perimatrix with less fibrosis compared with adults, explaining the possible pathogenesis of aggressive behavior of cholesteatoma in children.
In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients < or =... more In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients < or = 40 years of age. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of rectal cancer in a group of young Egyptian patients treated at Alexandria Main University hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, from June 1998 to June 2001. This study included 50 rectal cancer patients. They were divided into two groups. Group I was patients < 40 years of age (26 patients), and group II was patients > 40 years of age (24 patients). Both groups were evaluated regarding history taking and physical examination, the gross tumor characteristics, the presence or absence of metastases, the histopathological characteristics of the tumor, and the treatment failure within the 3-year period of this study. Group I patients had a significantly longer duration of complaint. A total of 15.4% of patients in this group presented with intestinal obstruction compared with 8.3% in group II. A total of 30.8% of patients in group I presented with metastatic disease compared with 20.8% in group II. More patients in group I had fixed and/or circumferential lesions than did those of group II (38.5% and 53.8% versus 20.8% and 8.3%, respectively). More patients in group I had nonresectable tumors. A total of 62.5% of group II patients underwent curative resection compared with 53.8% of the patients in group I. A total of 38.5% of patients in group I had mucoid carcinoma compared with 8.3% in group II. At the end of the 3-year period of this study, only 38.5% of group I patients were alive and free of disease compared with 45.8% in group II. In Egypt, rectal cancer patients <40 years of age have more advanced disease at presentation and a higher incidence of treatment failure caused by both a delay in the diagnosis and a more aggressive pattern of the disease.
Background Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are t... more Background Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are two different pathologies that cause bleeding in cirrhotic patients. These two pathologies are still difficult to be distinguished by white light endoscopy (conventional), as they both appear as red spots in the gastric antral mucosa in the case of severe PHG. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of Versatile Intelligent Staining Technology (VIST) in comparison to histopathology in the diagnosis and classification of GAVE. Methods A cross-sectional study included 50 patients with liver cirrhosis recruited from Alexandria Main University Hospital. Patients with connective tissue diseases and chronic kidney disease were excluded. All patients were examined by both conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) and image enhancement technology (VIST) using Sonoscape HD500 endoscope. GAVE was diagnosed as tortuous columns of ectatic vessels in the gastric antrum. Histopathological examin...
Scleroma, chronic specific granuloma of the nose and upper respiratory tract, is endemic in Egypt... more Scleroma, chronic specific granuloma of the nose and upper respiratory tract, is endemic in Egypt and many other countries. The exact pathogenesis of the disease as regards the aetiological role of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis is contradictory. This work investigated the effect of experimental intravenous injection of K. rhinoscleromatis in albino rats to demonstrate that the micro-organism can fulfil Koch&#39;s postulates. Micro-organisms were isolated from biopsy specimens taken from nasal lesions of 10 patients in the granulomatous stage of scleroma. Specimens were subjected to bacteriological and histopathological examinations to confirm the diagnosis. A 100 microl volume of freshly prepared bacterial inoculum containing 10(8) cfu/ml was injected weekly in the tail vein of each of 30 albino rats for 5 consecutive weeks. Biopsy specimens were taken from sacrificed animals and subjected to bacteriological and histopathological examinations. Positive histopathological diagnosis of scleroma was reported in the nose of 66.7% of rats, the larynx of 46.7%, the lungs of 26.7% and liver of 20% of rats. Bacteriological techniques were successful in revealing K. rhinoscleromatis from the nose of 36.7% of rats, the larynx of 30% and the lungs of 20% of rats. Various techniques were carried out to demonstrate the micro-organisms in tissue sections. Two histochemical stains for bacteria were employed: silver and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains. Immunoperoxidase technique using Klebsiella capsular type 3 antiserum was applied. It gave positive results in 66.7% of the 6 stained liver sections in spite of negative bacteriological cultures. The histiocytic nature of the Mikulicz cells was confirmed using alpha-1 antitrypsin, an immunohistochemical marker of histiocytes, and by studying the ultrastructural features of Mikulicz cells using the transmission electron microscope.
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a complex disease with intricate underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The... more Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a complex disease with intricate underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The possible role of underlying complement dysregulation is not fully elucidated in some GN subsets, especially in the setting of autoimmunity or infection. In the current study, diagnosed cases of lupus nephritis (LN) and post-infectious GN (PIGN) were recruited for molecular genetic analysis and targeted next-generation DNA sequencing was performed for two main complement regulating genes: in the fluid phase; CFH, and on tissue surfaces; MCP. Three heterozygous pathogenic variants in CFH (Q172*, W701*, and W1096*) and one likely pathogenic heterozygous variant in MCP (C223R) have been identified in four of the studied LN cases. Additionally, among the several detected variants of uncertain significance, one novel variant (CFH:F614S) was identified in 74% of the studied LN cases and in 65% of the studied PIGN cases. This variant was detected for the first time in the Egyptian population. T...
Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. ... more Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of the parasite, the first choice treatment for leishmaniases still relies on pentavalent antimonial developed more than 50 years ago. These drugs are potentially toxic and often ineffective. The spread of drug resistance, combined with other shortcoming of the available antileishmanial drugs, emphasizes the importance of developing new effective, and safe drugs against leishmaniasis. The study reported here was undertaken to examine the antileishmanial activity of novel substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (I) or cabohydrazide (II) analogs both in vivo and in vitro against Leishmania major. All tested compounds showed in vitro antileishmanial activity, but only four compounds showed in vivo activity in Swiss strain albino mice model as revealed by clinical cure of the cu...
osting by E : +20 12 @yahoo. Abstract Objective: To compare the histopathological structure and i... more osting by E : +20 12 @yahoo. Abstract Objective: To compare the histopathological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of acquired cholesteatoma in children and adults. Study design: Prospective clinical study in a tertiary care centers. Material & methods: This study was conducted on 40 patients presenting with cholesteatomatous middle ear disease. Twenty patients were of a pediatric age group (<18 years) and the rest were adults (>18 years). Patients were admitted to either the ENT Department of Alexandria University Hospital or that of the Students’ Hospital. All cholesteatoma specimens were collected intraoperatively and preserved for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical technique (PCNA monoclonal antibody). Results: Histopathological examination of the submitted specimens revealed that strips of stratified squamous epithelium with the underlying tissues were fibrous in adults while cellular inflammatory infiltrates were seen in children. The ...
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, Jan 21, 2018
Nostoc sp. is one of the most widely distributed cyanobacterial genera that produce potentially p... more Nostoc sp. is one of the most widely distributed cyanobacterial genera that produce potentially protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor; microcystins (MCs). MCs have posed a worldwide concern due to predominant hepatotoxicity to human health. We have previously isolated a Nostoc strain (NR1) from the Nile River (the main water supply in Egypt) and this strain exerted production of rare and highly toxic MC; demethylated microcystin-LR. There is no data concerning risk factors of liver diseases for human and animal exposure to NR1-contaminated drinking water yet. It is thus important to evaluate acute (LD50 dose), subacute (0.01% and 10% of LD50 dose) and subchronic (0.01% and 10% of LD50 dose) hepatotoxicity's NR1 extract using experimental mice. Mice groups, who orally received 0.01% LD50, represented a permissible concentration of the World Health Organization (WHO) for MC in drinking water. Several parameters were detected, including hepatotoxicity (i.e. PP activity, liver function...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2000
The effects of different doses of Interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b), alone and in combination wi... more The effects of different doses of Interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b), alone and in combination with praziquantel (PZQ), on hepatic schistosomiasis were tested. An experimental murine model of hepatic schistosomiasis was used. Four parameters were assessed; hepatic fibrosis by estimation of OH-proline content/g dry weight liver, hepatocyte proliferative activity by the PCNA/LI, schistosomal egg load by digesting parts of the liver by KOH and hepatocyte function by measuring parenchymal liver enzyme levels. IFN alpha 2b was found to increase hepatic fibrosis in a dose dependent manner both alone and in combination with PZQ. An augmentation of the regenerative activity of the liver was observed. A reduction in the number of the granulomas and egg counts was observed only when PZQ was added. However, no effect on the size of the granulomas was observed apart from the normal process of modulation. Caution should be exercised when treating patients with concomitant hepatic schistosomiasis...
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1998
Swiss Albino mice have been infected with S. haematobium and challenged 4 weeks later with S. man... more Swiss Albino mice have been infected with S. haematobium and challenged 4 weeks later with S. mansoni. Parasitological, pathological and ultrastructural studies were done. The results revealed cross mating between the two species. A reduction in S. mansoni worm load, egg count, hepatic granuloma number and size was noticed. The presence of heterologous immunity was suggested.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2001
To determine the possibility of amoebic invasion and liver-abscess formation Swiss albino mice we... more To determine the possibility of amoebic invasion and liver-abscess formation Swiss albino mice were infected orally with E. histolytica cysts isolated from human stools. Parasitological and histopathological changes in mice colon and liver tissues were sequentially followed. Three weeks postinfection (p.i) 5% of immunocompetent and all cortisonized immunosuppressed mice passed the parasite in their stools. Only 70% of the latter group of mice sacrificed at that time developed invasive intestinal amoebiasis. At the end of the experiment (12 weeks p.i.) 100% of the remaining immunosuppressed animals developed the same intestinal pathology. Amoebic liver abscess was detected in 62.5% of them. Oral inoculation of E. histolytica cysts constitutes an easy highly reproducible procedure for inducing liver abscess in immunosuppressed mice.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1998
The efficacy of autoclaved cercarial vaccine (ACV) in eliciting protective immunity against Schis... more The efficacy of autoclaved cercarial vaccine (ACV) in eliciting protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni infection was investigated in Swiss strain Albino mice. Two main groups of animals were used. One served as control group and the second was vaccinated with ACV mixed with Bacille Clamette-Guerin (BCG) as an adjuvant, in a single, double and triple doses 2 weeks apart. Six weeks after the first vaccination, all animals were challenged with freshly liberated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni then sacrificed 7 weeks later. Parasitological, histopathological and immunological studies showed promising results which gave hope in evolution of anti-schistosomal vaccine.
In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients &a... more In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; or = 40 years of age. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of rectal cancer in a group of young Egyptian patients treated at Alexandria Main University hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, from June 1998 to June 2001. This study included 50 rectal cancer patients. They were divided into two groups. Group I was patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 40 years of age (26 patients), and group II was patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 40 years of age (24 patients). Both groups were evaluated regarding history taking and physical examination, the gross tumor characteristics, the presence or absence of metastases, the histopathological characteristics of the tumor, and the treatment failure within the 3-year period of this study. Group I patients had a significantly longer duration of complaint. A total of 15.4% of patients in this group presented with intestinal obstruction compared with 8.3% in group II. A total of 30.8% of patients in group I presented with metastatic disease compared with 20.8% in group II. More patients in group I had fixed and/or circumferential lesions than did those of group II (38.5% and 53.8% versus 20.8% and 8.3%, respectively). More patients in group I had nonresectable tumors. A total of 62.5% of group II patients underwent curative resection compared with 53.8% of the patients in group I. A total of 38.5% of patients in group I had mucoid carcinoma compared with 8.3% in group II. At the end of the 3-year period of this study, only 38.5% of group I patients were alive and free of disease compared with 45.8% in group II. In Egypt, rectal cancer patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;40 years of age have more advanced disease at presentation and a higher incidence of treatment failure caused by both a delay in the diagnosis and a more aggressive pattern of the disease.
Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. ... more Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of the parasite, the first choice treatment for leishmaniases still relies on pentavalent antimonial developed more than 50 years ago. These drugs are potentially toxic and often ineffective. The spread of drug resistance, combined with other shortcoming of the available antileishmanial drugs, emphasizes the importance of developing new effective, and safe drugs against leishmaniasis. The study reported here was undertaken to examine the antileishmanial activity of novel substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (I) or cabohydrazide (II) analogs both in vivo and in vitro against Leishmania major. All tested compounds showed in vitro antileishmanial activity, but only four compounds showed in vivo activity in Swiss strain albino mice model as revealed by clinical cure of the cu...
In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients ≤40 ye... more In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients ≤40 years of age. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of rectal cancer in a group of young Egyptian patients treated at Alexandria Main University hospital, Alexandria, ...
Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation
Background There is a paucity of registries on diseases found on renal biopsies, especially in Eg... more Background There is a paucity of registries on diseases found on renal biopsies, especially in Egypt. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to identify the pattern of renal pathology among renal biopsy (RB) specimens and to study the clinicopathological correlation of RB in the Alexandria area, which is considered the biggest second city in Egypt after Cairo, with around six million inhabitants, as a step toward generating a national RB registry. Methods We evaluated all the available adult native renal biopsies that were performed in the Alexandria area during the years 2012 and 2015 from the two main nephropathology centers. Clinical presentations were asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, nephrotic syndrome (NS), nephritic syndrome, and unexplained acute kidney injury. Renal diseases were divided into four major categories: (a) primary glomerulonephritides (GN); (b) secondary GN; (c) tubulointerstitial nephropathies (TIN); and (d) vascular nephropathies. The distinction between primary and secondary GN was not established by a single histological approach, but by association of the morphological findings and available clinical data. A RB forum was designed to collect the clinical and pathological data. Results 861 native renal biopsies were included; the most common age interval during which RB was performed was 20–30 years (32.6%); female gender (51%) was slightly more prevalent than male sex (49%). The renal specimen was inadequate in 14.1% of the cases. Of all biopsies, primary GN was the most frequent (64.3%), followed by secondary GN (27.8%), TIN (4.2%), and vascular nephropathies (1.2%), where end stage renal disease (ESRD) cases represented 2.4%. The most common clinical syndrome as an indication for RB was NS (57.8%), followed by acute kidney injury (21.6%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (9.3%), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (8.9%), nephritic syndrome (1.2%), and nephritic nephrotic syndrome (1.2%). At the time of the biopsy, 53.2% of the patients presented with elevated kidney functions. Mesangioproliferative GN was the most common primary GN (24.8%), followed by membranoproliferative GN (23.7%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (21.4%), membranous nephropathy (10.3%), IgA nephropathy (8.8%), minimal change disease (5.7%), and crescentic GN (5.3%). Lupus nephritis was the most common cause of secondary GN (56.3%), followed by amyloidosis (14.6%), diabetic nephropathy (12.6%), nodular GN (6.8%), cast nephropathy (4.4%), cryoglobulinemia (2.9%), gouty nephropathy (1.9%), and lymphomatous infiltration (0.5%). Acute TIN represented 65.5% of the TIN cases and chronic TIN represented 35.5%. Thrombotic microangiopathy represented 66.6% of the vascular diseases and hypertension (HTN) nephrosclerosis represented 33.3%. Conclusion Our RB registry represents an important contribution toward understanding the epidemiology of renal diseases in Alexandria city. We are hoping that this registry will be the basis for developing a national registry. Establishment of a trusted national registry that will help in preventing and treating renal diseases requires good cooperation between nephrologists and pathologists, with collection of all clinical, serological, and pathological data.
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology, Apr 1, 2018
Objective To compare the histopathological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of a... more Objective To compare the histopathological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of acquired cholesteatoma in children and adults. Patients and methods This study was carried out on 40 patients presenting with cholesteatomatous middle-ear disease. Twenty patients were of a pediatric age group (<18 years) and the rest were adults (>18 years). Patients were admitted to the ENT Department of Alexandria University Hospital. All cholesteatoma specimens were collected intraoperatively and preserved for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical technique using the epidermal growth factor (EGF) monoclonal antibody. Results Histopathological examination of the submitted specimens showed that strips of stratified squamous epithelium with the underlying tissues were fibrous in adults, whereas cellular inflammatory infiltrates were observed in children. The degree of fibrosis was significantly higher in the adult group, whereas the pediatric group had higher inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemical examination indicated significantly higher expression of EGF in children compared with adults both in the matrix and in the perimatrix of acquired cholesteatoma. Conclusion Children with acquired cholesteatoma had higher inflammatory infiltration and significant expression of EGF in both the matrix and the perimatrix with less fibrosis compared with adults, explaining the possible pathogenesis of aggressive behavior of cholesteatoma in children.
In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients < or =... more In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients < or = 40 years of age. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of rectal cancer in a group of young Egyptian patients treated at Alexandria Main University hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, from June 1998 to June 2001. This study included 50 rectal cancer patients. They were divided into two groups. Group I was patients < 40 years of age (26 patients), and group II was patients > 40 years of age (24 patients). Both groups were evaluated regarding history taking and physical examination, the gross tumor characteristics, the presence or absence of metastases, the histopathological characteristics of the tumor, and the treatment failure within the 3-year period of this study. Group I patients had a significantly longer duration of complaint. A total of 15.4% of patients in this group presented with intestinal obstruction compared with 8.3% in group II. A total of 30.8% of patients in group I presented with metastatic disease compared with 20.8% in group II. More patients in group I had fixed and/or circumferential lesions than did those of group II (38.5% and 53.8% versus 20.8% and 8.3%, respectively). More patients in group I had nonresectable tumors. A total of 62.5% of group II patients underwent curative resection compared with 53.8% of the patients in group I. A total of 38.5% of patients in group I had mucoid carcinoma compared with 8.3% in group II. At the end of the 3-year period of this study, only 38.5% of group I patients were alive and free of disease compared with 45.8% in group II. In Egypt, rectal cancer patients <40 years of age have more advanced disease at presentation and a higher incidence of treatment failure caused by both a delay in the diagnosis and a more aggressive pattern of the disease.
Background Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are t... more Background Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are two different pathologies that cause bleeding in cirrhotic patients. These two pathologies are still difficult to be distinguished by white light endoscopy (conventional), as they both appear as red spots in the gastric antral mucosa in the case of severe PHG. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of Versatile Intelligent Staining Technology (VIST) in comparison to histopathology in the diagnosis and classification of GAVE. Methods A cross-sectional study included 50 patients with liver cirrhosis recruited from Alexandria Main University Hospital. Patients with connective tissue diseases and chronic kidney disease were excluded. All patients were examined by both conventional white light endoscopy (WLE) and image enhancement technology (VIST) using Sonoscape HD500 endoscope. GAVE was diagnosed as tortuous columns of ectatic vessels in the gastric antrum. Histopathological examin...
Scleroma, chronic specific granuloma of the nose and upper respiratory tract, is endemic in Egypt... more Scleroma, chronic specific granuloma of the nose and upper respiratory tract, is endemic in Egypt and many other countries. The exact pathogenesis of the disease as regards the aetiological role of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis is contradictory. This work investigated the effect of experimental intravenous injection of K. rhinoscleromatis in albino rats to demonstrate that the micro-organism can fulfil Koch&#39;s postulates. Micro-organisms were isolated from biopsy specimens taken from nasal lesions of 10 patients in the granulomatous stage of scleroma. Specimens were subjected to bacteriological and histopathological examinations to confirm the diagnosis. A 100 microl volume of freshly prepared bacterial inoculum containing 10(8) cfu/ml was injected weekly in the tail vein of each of 30 albino rats for 5 consecutive weeks. Biopsy specimens were taken from sacrificed animals and subjected to bacteriological and histopathological examinations. Positive histopathological diagnosis of scleroma was reported in the nose of 66.7% of rats, the larynx of 46.7%, the lungs of 26.7% and liver of 20% of rats. Bacteriological techniques were successful in revealing K. rhinoscleromatis from the nose of 36.7% of rats, the larynx of 30% and the lungs of 20% of rats. Various techniques were carried out to demonstrate the micro-organisms in tissue sections. Two histochemical stains for bacteria were employed: silver and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains. Immunoperoxidase technique using Klebsiella capsular type 3 antiserum was applied. It gave positive results in 66.7% of the 6 stained liver sections in spite of negative bacteriological cultures. The histiocytic nature of the Mikulicz cells was confirmed using alpha-1 antitrypsin, an immunohistochemical marker of histiocytes, and by studying the ultrastructural features of Mikulicz cells using the transmission electron microscope.
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a complex disease with intricate underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The... more Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a complex disease with intricate underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The possible role of underlying complement dysregulation is not fully elucidated in some GN subsets, especially in the setting of autoimmunity or infection. In the current study, diagnosed cases of lupus nephritis (LN) and post-infectious GN (PIGN) were recruited for molecular genetic analysis and targeted next-generation DNA sequencing was performed for two main complement regulating genes: in the fluid phase; CFH, and on tissue surfaces; MCP. Three heterozygous pathogenic variants in CFH (Q172*, W701*, and W1096*) and one likely pathogenic heterozygous variant in MCP (C223R) have been identified in four of the studied LN cases. Additionally, among the several detected variants of uncertain significance, one novel variant (CFH:F614S) was identified in 74% of the studied LN cases and in 65% of the studied PIGN cases. This variant was detected for the first time in the Egyptian population. T...
Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. ... more Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of the parasite, the first choice treatment for leishmaniases still relies on pentavalent antimonial developed more than 50 years ago. These drugs are potentially toxic and often ineffective. The spread of drug resistance, combined with other shortcoming of the available antileishmanial drugs, emphasizes the importance of developing new effective, and safe drugs against leishmaniasis. The study reported here was undertaken to examine the antileishmanial activity of novel substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (I) or cabohydrazide (II) analogs both in vivo and in vitro against Leishmania major. All tested compounds showed in vitro antileishmanial activity, but only four compounds showed in vivo activity in Swiss strain albino mice model as revealed by clinical cure of the cu...
osting by E : +20 12 @yahoo. Abstract Objective: To compare the histopathological structure and i... more osting by E : +20 12 @yahoo. Abstract Objective: To compare the histopathological structure and immunohistochemical characteristics of acquired cholesteatoma in children and adults. Study design: Prospective clinical study in a tertiary care centers. Material & methods: This study was conducted on 40 patients presenting with cholesteatomatous middle ear disease. Twenty patients were of a pediatric age group (<18 years) and the rest were adults (>18 years). Patients were admitted to either the ENT Department of Alexandria University Hospital or that of the Students’ Hospital. All cholesteatoma specimens were collected intraoperatively and preserved for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical technique (PCNA monoclonal antibody). Results: Histopathological examination of the submitted specimens revealed that strips of stratified squamous epithelium with the underlying tissues were fibrous in adults while cellular inflammatory infiltrates were seen in children. The ...
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, Jan 21, 2018
Nostoc sp. is one of the most widely distributed cyanobacterial genera that produce potentially p... more Nostoc sp. is one of the most widely distributed cyanobacterial genera that produce potentially protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor; microcystins (MCs). MCs have posed a worldwide concern due to predominant hepatotoxicity to human health. We have previously isolated a Nostoc strain (NR1) from the Nile River (the main water supply in Egypt) and this strain exerted production of rare and highly toxic MC; demethylated microcystin-LR. There is no data concerning risk factors of liver diseases for human and animal exposure to NR1-contaminated drinking water yet. It is thus important to evaluate acute (LD50 dose), subacute (0.01% and 10% of LD50 dose) and subchronic (0.01% and 10% of LD50 dose) hepatotoxicity's NR1 extract using experimental mice. Mice groups, who orally received 0.01% LD50, represented a permissible concentration of the World Health Organization (WHO) for MC in drinking water. Several parameters were detected, including hepatotoxicity (i.e. PP activity, liver function...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2000
The effects of different doses of Interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b), alone and in combination wi... more The effects of different doses of Interferon alpha 2b (IFN alpha 2b), alone and in combination with praziquantel (PZQ), on hepatic schistosomiasis were tested. An experimental murine model of hepatic schistosomiasis was used. Four parameters were assessed; hepatic fibrosis by estimation of OH-proline content/g dry weight liver, hepatocyte proliferative activity by the PCNA/LI, schistosomal egg load by digesting parts of the liver by KOH and hepatocyte function by measuring parenchymal liver enzyme levels. IFN alpha 2b was found to increase hepatic fibrosis in a dose dependent manner both alone and in combination with PZQ. An augmentation of the regenerative activity of the liver was observed. A reduction in the number of the granulomas and egg counts was observed only when PZQ was added. However, no effect on the size of the granulomas was observed apart from the normal process of modulation. Caution should be exercised when treating patients with concomitant hepatic schistosomiasis...
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1998
Swiss Albino mice have been infected with S. haematobium and challenged 4 weeks later with S. man... more Swiss Albino mice have been infected with S. haematobium and challenged 4 weeks later with S. mansoni. Parasitological, pathological and ultrastructural studies were done. The results revealed cross mating between the two species. A reduction in S. mansoni worm load, egg count, hepatic granuloma number and size was noticed. The presence of heterologous immunity was suggested.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2001
To determine the possibility of amoebic invasion and liver-abscess formation Swiss albino mice we... more To determine the possibility of amoebic invasion and liver-abscess formation Swiss albino mice were infected orally with E. histolytica cysts isolated from human stools. Parasitological and histopathological changes in mice colon and liver tissues were sequentially followed. Three weeks postinfection (p.i) 5% of immunocompetent and all cortisonized immunosuppressed mice passed the parasite in their stools. Only 70% of the latter group of mice sacrificed at that time developed invasive intestinal amoebiasis. At the end of the experiment (12 weeks p.i.) 100% of the remaining immunosuppressed animals developed the same intestinal pathology. Amoebic liver abscess was detected in 62.5% of them. Oral inoculation of E. histolytica cysts constitutes an easy highly reproducible procedure for inducing liver abscess in immunosuppressed mice.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1998
The efficacy of autoclaved cercarial vaccine (ACV) in eliciting protective immunity against Schis... more The efficacy of autoclaved cercarial vaccine (ACV) in eliciting protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni infection was investigated in Swiss strain Albino mice. Two main groups of animals were used. One served as control group and the second was vaccinated with ACV mixed with Bacille Clamette-Guerin (BCG) as an adjuvant, in a single, double and triple doses 2 weeks apart. Six weeks after the first vaccination, all animals were challenged with freshly liberated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni then sacrificed 7 weeks later. Parasitological, histopathological and immunological studies showed promising results which gave hope in evolution of anti-schistosomal vaccine.
In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients &a... more In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; or = 40 years of age. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of rectal cancer in a group of young Egyptian patients treated at Alexandria Main University hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, from June 1998 to June 2001. This study included 50 rectal cancer patients. They were divided into two groups. Group I was patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 40 years of age (26 patients), and group II was patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 40 years of age (24 patients). Both groups were evaluated regarding history taking and physical examination, the gross tumor characteristics, the presence or absence of metastases, the histopathological characteristics of the tumor, and the treatment failure within the 3-year period of this study. Group I patients had a significantly longer duration of complaint. A total of 15.4% of patients in this group presented with intestinal obstruction compared with 8.3% in group II. A total of 30.8% of patients in group I presented with metastatic disease compared with 20.8% in group II. More patients in group I had fixed and/or circumferential lesions than did those of group II (38.5% and 53.8% versus 20.8% and 8.3%, respectively). More patients in group I had nonresectable tumors. A total of 62.5% of group II patients underwent curative resection compared with 53.8% of the patients in group I. A total of 38.5% of patients in group I had mucoid carcinoma compared with 8.3% in group II. At the end of the 3-year period of this study, only 38.5% of group I patients were alive and free of disease compared with 45.8% in group II. In Egypt, rectal cancer patients &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;40 years of age have more advanced disease at presentation and a higher incidence of treatment failure caused by both a delay in the diagnosis and a more aggressive pattern of the disease.
Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. ... more Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Despite the tremendous progress made in the understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of the parasite, the first choice treatment for leishmaniases still relies on pentavalent antimonial developed more than 50 years ago. These drugs are potentially toxic and often ineffective. The spread of drug resistance, combined with other shortcoming of the available antileishmanial drugs, emphasizes the importance of developing new effective, and safe drugs against leishmaniasis. The study reported here was undertaken to examine the antileishmanial activity of novel substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (I) or cabohydrazide (II) analogs both in vivo and in vitro against Leishmania major. All tested compounds showed in vitro antileishmanial activity, but only four compounds showed in vivo activity in Swiss strain albino mice model as revealed by clinical cure of the cu...
In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients ≤40 ye... more In Egypt, there is an increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, especially among patients ≤40 years of age. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of rectal cancer in a group of young Egyptian patients treated at Alexandria Main University hospital, Alexandria, ...
Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation
Background There is a paucity of registries on diseases found on renal biopsies, especially in Eg... more Background There is a paucity of registries on diseases found on renal biopsies, especially in Egypt. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to identify the pattern of renal pathology among renal biopsy (RB) specimens and to study the clinicopathological correlation of RB in the Alexandria area, which is considered the biggest second city in Egypt after Cairo, with around six million inhabitants, as a step toward generating a national RB registry. Methods We evaluated all the available adult native renal biopsies that were performed in the Alexandria area during the years 2012 and 2015 from the two main nephropathology centers. Clinical presentations were asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, nephrotic syndrome (NS), nephritic syndrome, and unexplained acute kidney injury. Renal diseases were divided into four major categories: (a) primary glomerulonephritides (GN); (b) secondary GN; (c) tubulointerstitial nephropathies (TIN); and (d) vascular nephropathies. The distinction between primary and secondary GN was not established by a single histological approach, but by association of the morphological findings and available clinical data. A RB forum was designed to collect the clinical and pathological data. Results 861 native renal biopsies were included; the most common age interval during which RB was performed was 20–30 years (32.6%); female gender (51%) was slightly more prevalent than male sex (49%). The renal specimen was inadequate in 14.1% of the cases. Of all biopsies, primary GN was the most frequent (64.3%), followed by secondary GN (27.8%), TIN (4.2%), and vascular nephropathies (1.2%), where end stage renal disease (ESRD) cases represented 2.4%. The most common clinical syndrome as an indication for RB was NS (57.8%), followed by acute kidney injury (21.6%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (9.3%), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (8.9%), nephritic syndrome (1.2%), and nephritic nephrotic syndrome (1.2%). At the time of the biopsy, 53.2% of the patients presented with elevated kidney functions. Mesangioproliferative GN was the most common primary GN (24.8%), followed by membranoproliferative GN (23.7%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (21.4%), membranous nephropathy (10.3%), IgA nephropathy (8.8%), minimal change disease (5.7%), and crescentic GN (5.3%). Lupus nephritis was the most common cause of secondary GN (56.3%), followed by amyloidosis (14.6%), diabetic nephropathy (12.6%), nodular GN (6.8%), cast nephropathy (4.4%), cryoglobulinemia (2.9%), gouty nephropathy (1.9%), and lymphomatous infiltration (0.5%). Acute TIN represented 65.5% of the TIN cases and chronic TIN represented 35.5%. Thrombotic microangiopathy represented 66.6% of the vascular diseases and hypertension (HTN) nephrosclerosis represented 33.3%. Conclusion Our RB registry represents an important contribution toward understanding the epidemiology of renal diseases in Alexandria city. We are hoping that this registry will be the basis for developing a national registry. Establishment of a trusted national registry that will help in preventing and treating renal diseases requires good cooperation between nephrologists and pathologists, with collection of all clinical, serological, and pathological data.
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