Papers by Abdallah EL-Gharbawy
PERFORMING A RISK ANALYSIS STUDY FOR IMPLEMENTING A BIODIESEL PLANT , 2021
Risk as, an uncertain event, or condition that if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on... more Risk as, an uncertain event, or condition that if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project's objective. Risk analysis is done via interviews and brainstorming considering the available and extensive experience of the involved stakeholders. Each identified risk is prioritized through a qualitative risk analysis process considering the probability of occurrence and the impact by project stakeholders. The results of risk management planning processes are used to update/re-plan the project management plan to consider the risk effect on the project. The biodiesel project is very profitable, the economic indicators for the project are very high, and the execution of such a project will strengthen the national economy. Therefore, a biodiesel risk analysis is performed to achieve security for the plant. The depletion of fossil fuel forces the world to look for alternative ways for energy production. The most common way is the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. This paper presents a detailed cost analysis for a biodiesel plant with capacity 100,000 ton/year.
A REVIEW ON HIGH DENSITY POLY ETHYLENE AS ENGINEERING POLYMER , 2021
Engineering thermoplastics are a subset of plastic materials that are used in applications genera... more Engineering thermoplastics are a subset of plastic materials that are used in applications generally requiring higher performance in the areas of heat resistance, chemical resistance, impact, fire retardancy or mechanical strength. Engineering thermoplastics are so named as they have properties in one or more areas that exhibit higher performance than commodity materials and are suitable for applications that require engineering to design parts that perform in their intended use.
journal of Chilean chemical society, 2021
Biodiesel is a long-chain fatty acid ester made from renewed and biological raw materials such as... more Biodiesel is a long-chain fatty acid ester made from renewed and biological raw materials such as used cooking, animal fat, vegetable oil, and algae. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean fuel as it reduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter emissions compared with petroleum-based diesel fuel. Production of biodiesel from renewable resources is done through the transesterification reaction at which the organic group (alkyl) of alcohol is substituted with the organic group of a triglyceride-the main component of the feedstock-producing fatty acid alkyl ester (biodiesel) and crude glycerol. Biodiesel can be used in pure form (B100) or may be blended with petroleum diesel at any concentration if its specifications is identical to the international standard specifications provided by American standard for testing materials (ASTM) or EN14214 in the European Union for alternative fuels. In this paper, the different types of biodiesel feedstocks, feedstocks treatment methods, and biodiesel production technologies are reviewed and discussed.
Biodiesel represents a closed carbon dioxide cycle (approximately 78%) because it is derived from... more Biodiesel represents a closed carbon dioxide cycle (approximately 78%) because it is derived from renewable biomass sources. "Bio" means its biological and renewable source, and "diesel" represents its use as a fuel on diesel engines. Biodiesel is defined as "mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats". The present study was carried out in order to identify an effective treatment of used cooking oil to get the ideal specification condition to obtain high yield of biodiesel and get the best conversion ratio of used cooking oil to biodiesel. The linear regression analysis concluded that methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration have a high positive statistical significant effect. Temperature has a positive statistical significant effect. The process time had a non statistical significant negative effect on the biodiesel yield and the mixing rate had a highly negative statistical significant effect. The best methyl ester conversion obtained was 99.2 wt.% based on the following conditions : methanol to oil molar ratio of 7.54:1, catalyst concentration of 0.875% , 1.17 hr. of reaction time, temperature of 52 °C, mixing rate 266 rpm.
The significance of natural gas appears as a competitive substitute for crude oil. Therefore, for... more The significance of natural gas appears as a competitive substitute for crude oil. Therefore, for many years, fuel switching between natural gas and crude oil made natural gas prices closely aligned with crude oil. On the other hand, the price of natural gas for end-users varies greatly across Europe, Asia, and Africa. There was an upward trend in energy commodity prices since 2000, but with the surge in supply coming from unconventional oil and gas resources in North America, the trend in natural gas prices has become downward in recent years due to the many reasons. This paper examines and investigates the global market of natural gas including previous, current, and future prices and demand. Additionally, it shows the effect of political and economic issues on natural gas prices and demand during the period from 2014 to 2020. The paper shows and interprets the expectations of the natural gas market until 2040.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of SMART GRID , 2018
Fossil fuels are not renewable energy in addition they create massive pollution in the environmen... more Fossil fuels are not renewable energy in addition they create massive pollution in the environment. This pollution affects air, water and the food. Because of global fossil fuel shortage and environmental pollution, solar energy utilization has developed rapidly. Solar energy is considered the energy supplied by the sun that is a renewable and clean energy. This review investigates corrosion of silver, corrosion of solar cells and ways of control corrosion process of solar cell.
The depletion of fossil fuel forces the world to look for alternative ways for energy production.... more The depletion of fossil fuel forces the world to look for alternative ways for energy production. The most common way is the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. This paper presents a detailed cost analysis for a biodiesel plant with capacity 100,000 ton/year. The cost analysis basis depends on the optimum conditions obtained from the experimental work that achieves biodiesel conversion of ≈ 99%. The study concludes that the project will achieve a good income that around four million US $ every year and the total net income during the life cycle of project is 72.5 million US $. The production cost of one liter biodiesel from used cooking oil is 0.515 $ while the global price of petro-diesel is 0.678 $/ liter and global biodiesel current price is 1 $/liter.
International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2015
Abstract: Rotatable central composite design of experiments was employed to investigate the
signi... more Abstract: Rotatable central composite design of experiments was employed to investigate the
significance and interactive effects of methanol:oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration,
operating temperature, reaction time and mixing rate ona base catalyzed transesterification
reaction of waste cooking oil to maximize the biodiesel yield. Based on a multiple regression
analysis, a second order polynomial equation for biodiesel yield was obtained and its validity
wasconfirmed.The optimum conditions for maximum biodiesel conversion of ≈ 99% was
depicted to be 7.54:1 M:O, 0.875 KOH wt%, 52.7oC, 1.17 h and 266 rpm.The overall
physico-chemical properties of the produced biodieselwere acceptable.
Teaching Documents by Abdallah EL-Gharbawy
Polymeric coatings are coatings or paint made with polymers that provide superior adherence and p... more Polymeric coatings are coatings or paint made with polymers that provide superior adherence and protection from corrosion.
The polymeric coating process applies an elastomer or other polymeric material onto a supporting substrate
Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) are a composite consisting of at least two different materi... more Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) are a composite consisting of at least two different materials. The benefits of each material are united to achieve an overall effect.
Co-polymerization reactions differ substantially from homo-polymerization. Some monomers are more... more Co-polymerization reactions differ substantially from homo-polymerization. Some monomers are more reactive; others less
.Co-polymer behavior cannot be determined from homo-polymer behavior .Models proposed for copolymerizations. Reactivity ratios must be measured for each pair of monomers.
Talks by Abdallah EL-Gharbawy
This material is composed of plastic fibers that are joined together under high heat and pressure... more This material is composed of plastic fibers that are joined together under high heat and pressure levels to form solid planks, beams, or sheets of material.The polywood is mainly used to replace the wood in outdoor furniture is used for the production of bar furnishings and furniture components intended for external use such as picnic tables, benches, planters, shutters, deck chairs, tables and benches .
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Papers by Abdallah EL-Gharbawy
significance and interactive effects of methanol:oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration,
operating temperature, reaction time and mixing rate ona base catalyzed transesterification
reaction of waste cooking oil to maximize the biodiesel yield. Based on a multiple regression
analysis, a second order polynomial equation for biodiesel yield was obtained and its validity
wasconfirmed.The optimum conditions for maximum biodiesel conversion of ≈ 99% was
depicted to be 7.54:1 M:O, 0.875 KOH wt%, 52.7oC, 1.17 h and 266 rpm.The overall
physico-chemical properties of the produced biodieselwere acceptable.
Teaching Documents by Abdallah EL-Gharbawy
The polymeric coating process applies an elastomer or other polymeric material onto a supporting substrate
.Co-polymer behavior cannot be determined from homo-polymer behavior .Models proposed for copolymerizations. Reactivity ratios must be measured for each pair of monomers.
Talks by Abdallah EL-Gharbawy
significance and interactive effects of methanol:oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration,
operating temperature, reaction time and mixing rate ona base catalyzed transesterification
reaction of waste cooking oil to maximize the biodiesel yield. Based on a multiple regression
analysis, a second order polynomial equation for biodiesel yield was obtained and its validity
wasconfirmed.The optimum conditions for maximum biodiesel conversion of ≈ 99% was
depicted to be 7.54:1 M:O, 0.875 KOH wt%, 52.7oC, 1.17 h and 266 rpm.The overall
physico-chemical properties of the produced biodieselwere acceptable.
The polymeric coating process applies an elastomer or other polymeric material onto a supporting substrate
.Co-polymer behavior cannot be determined from homo-polymer behavior .Models proposed for copolymerizations. Reactivity ratios must be measured for each pair of monomers.