Papers by Prof. Om P Kharbanda
British journal of orthodontics, Feb 1, 1995
This study investigated treatment changes produced by the Herbst appliance in a sample of severe ... more This study investigated treatment changes produced by the Herbst appliance in a sample of severe Class II division 1 cases, over a period of 8 months. The sample consisted of 16 girls, of whom eight were treated by the Herbst appliance, whilst eight served as controls. All cases were matched with respect to age, sex, skeletofacial morphology, and length of treatment/observation period. Twenty-two skeletal and 19 dental parameters were recorded on pre- and post-treatment cephalograms. The net treatment effect of Herbst therapy was evaluated, taking into account the growth that occurred in the control sample. The study revealed that during 8 months of Herbst therapy there was a significant increase in mandibular length, along with sagittal repositioning. The skeletal changes in the mandible were mainly responsible for overjet and molar relation correction. A slight, favourable forward rotation of the mandible was identified. Dentoalveolar features included flaring of lower incisors and distalization of upper molars. The appliance did not have any retrusive effect on the maxilla. The modified splint design differed from the original and was cemented rather than bonded.
PubMed, 1999
Aarskog syndrome is a rare syndrome with a typical triad of facial, digital and genital character... more Aarskog syndrome is a rare syndrome with a typical triad of facial, digital and genital characteristics. The characteristic cephalometric finding in this patient was the unusually large upward slant of SN plane and a steep Ba-N plane. Though the patient presented with a class I skeletal pattern, both the maxilla and mandible were hypoplastic and retruded with respect to the cranial base. Other characteristic features regarding the mandibular morphology were a large FMA (37 degrees) and Sn-GoGn (44 degrees) angles, a large gonial angle (138 degrees), an increase in total anterior facial and lower anterior facial height.
PubMed, Nov 1, 2006
Aims: To determine the forces applied by coil springs used to open spaces for blocked out lateral... more Aims: To determine the forces applied by coil springs used to open spaces for blocked out lateral incisors, and to compare the actual forces used with clinicans' concepts of an 'ideal' force. Methods: Twelve postgraduate orthodontic students (7M, 5F) and 12 orthodontic tutors (9M, 3F) participated in this study. They were asked to state what they considered was an ideal orthodontic force, and then to cut appropriate lengths of stainless steel and nickel titanium open coil springs to open spaces for blocked out maxillary and mandibular permanent lateral incisors on a typodont set-up. The forces generated by the open coil springs were measured and compared to the stated ideal forces. Results: The mean ideal force was 76.75 g (Range: 25-200 g). The mean applied force was 314 g (Range: 21-519 g). There were no significant differences in the forces used by the male and female postgraduates, but the male tutors used a significantly higher force than the male postgraduate students (p = 0.007) and the female tutors (p < 0.001). The female tutors used a significantly lower force than the female postgraduates (p = 0.024) and the male postgraduates (p = 0.003). Higher forces were produced by the stainless steel coil springs in both arches (Maxillary arch: p = 0.007; Mandibular arch: p < 0.005). Conclusions: The clinicians could not agree on an ideal force to open spaces for blocked out lateral incisors. There were substantial differences between the forces applied by the coil springs and the forces considered by the clinicians to be ideal. There were large differences in the forces used by the different groups of orthodontists.
AJO-DO clinical companion, 2022
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy with an annual inciden... more Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy with an annual incidence of more than 275,000 cases worldwide. India is known to have one of the highest incidence in the world with Background: S100 proteins have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different human cancers and in oral dysplasia, as they are keratinocytes. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have attempted to compare the expression of S100-A7 within young-onset (age ≤45 years, Group 1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), OSCC in older age groups (age >45 years Group 2), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs, Group 3) and inflammatory lesions (Group 4). The tissue sections were scored based on the percentage of immunostained cells and staining intensity. Nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane immunoreactivity were also scored. Results: The present study comprised 153 histopathologically diagnosed case subjects of OSCC >45 years (n = 41), OSCC <45 years (n = 36), OPMD (n = 40) and inflammatory lesions (n = 36). The present study revealed a statistically significant difference of distribution with regard to S100A7 staining (cytoplasmic and nuclear) between OPMDs and OSCC (P < 0.05). The nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane staining as well as the staining intensity had significantly different scoring patterns among the OSCC group, OPMD group and the inflammatory lesions with the OSCC group having the highest scoring of the S100A7 staining (irrespective of the age). Conclusions: The present study concludes that S100A7 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between OPMDs and OSCC lesions. However, the marker is unable to distinguish between OSCCs in younger and older patients as the molecular pathogenesis of tumors in either of these age groups is probably similar.
Cureus
Machawal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Common... more Machawal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal
Objective Describe the first hybrid global simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop, ev... more Objective Describe the first hybrid global simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop, evaluate impact on participants, and compare experiences based on in-person versus virtual attendance. Design Cross-sectional survey-based evaluation. Setting International comprehensive cleft care workshop. Participants Total of 489 participants. Interventions Three-day simulation-based hybrid comprehensive cleft care workshop. Main Outcome Measures Participant demographic data, perceived barriers and interventions needed for global comprehensive cleft care delivery, participant workshop satisfaction, and perceived short-term impact on practice stratified by in-person versus virtual attendance. Results The workshop included 489 participants from 5 continents. The response rate was 39.9%. Participants perceived financial factors (30.3%) the most significant barrier and improvement in training (39.8%) as the most important intervention to overcome barriers facing cleft care delivery in low ...
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2020
INTRODUCTION: Schools are a valuable platform for promoting oral health through oral health educa... more INTRODUCTION: Schools are a valuable platform for promoting oral health through oral health education as the children spend most of their active time in schools. Training school teachers on oral health promotion will help to inculcate healthy oral habits in children during their formative years of life. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, approach, and action change of school teachers toward oral health and the impact of this training intervention in improving their knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An interventional study was conducted among 50 primary school teachers across the country selected by the Ministry of Human Resource Development. A self-administered, 28-item questionnaire in Google document format was developed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of teachers toward oral hygiene before and after the teachers' training program. The training was done using a validated training manual on oral health promotion for school teachers developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Needs assessment for training was conducted 1 week before this training program. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mc Nemar tests were used to assess the difference between the scores before and after oral health education. RESULTS: The needs assessment revealed that majority of the teachers felt the need to participate in oral health promotion training. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean knowledge scores of school teachers was seen after a 1-day training program. CONCLUSION: The training improved the knowledge of school teachers on oral health which indicates that the adopted method of oral health education was well received by the participants from all over the country.
Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section), 2018
Periodontal disease, a cumulative result of neglected oral hygiene, is one of the biggest oral he... more Periodontal disease, a cumulative result of neglected oral hygiene, is one of the biggest oral health problem in India. Although the latest researches have paved way to splendid measures for regeneration and rehabilitation, the most feasible strategy is still the prevention at the earliest possible stage of periodontal destruction. Other major areas of neglect and lack of public awareness are geriatric dentistry and patients with special health care needs. This paper attempts to elaborate on the burden, past research and future research directions in less addressed aspects of Periodontal diseases, Geriatric Dentistry and patients with special health care needs.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jan 3, 2016
Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, 2016
IntRoductIon Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a congenital birth defect which is characterized by co... more IntRoductIon Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a congenital birth defect which is characterized by complete or partial clefting of the lip and/ or the palate. [1] Airway obstruction in CLP patients following palatoplasty may be compromised. [2] Anteroposterior narrowing of the pharynx and higher rate of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in CLP patients were observed in comparison to noncleft patients. [3-5] Rose et al. in a sonographic study of patients with and without cleft palate found that the patients with cleft palate have a significant higher incidence of mouth breathing, snoring, and hypopneas during sleep. [6] Holland et al. presented that variations in timing and technique for cleft palate repair were responsible for the poor mid-face growth outcome. [7] Cleft palate repair has a more adverse effect on craniofacial growth than cleft lip and alveolus repair, and the timing of cleft palate repair is the most significant factor. [8] The ideal timing of cleft palate repair is controversial. Some scholars presented that delayed palate repair may lead to better craniofacial morphology, [9-12] whereas others reported that early palate repair may give better craniofacial morphology. [13] Some presented no significant difference between early and delayed palate repair in affecting craniofacial growth. [14] Some reported that patients who were operated at the accepted time achieved normal phonemic ability, and although craniofacial morphology was significantly impaired, [15-17] subsequent orthodontics could achieve normal maxillary growth. [18] Some reported delayed palate repair having no benefit on craniofacial growth or phonemic ability. [7,19] The pharyngeal airway is a part of upper airway composed of three parts: The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. Reduced size of the airway space is associated with OSA. [20]
Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2017
Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic ... more Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2015
To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional cephalometric measurements obtained through an auto... more To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional cephalometric measurements obtained through an automatic landmark detection algorithm compared to those obtained through manual identification. The study demonstrates a comparison of 51 cephalometric measurements (28 linear, 16 angles and 7 ratios) on 30 CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) images. The analysis was performed to compare measurements based on 21 cephalometric landmarks detected automatically and those identified manually by three observers. Inter-observer ICC for each landmark was found to be excellent ([Formula: see text]) among three observers. The unpaired t-test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the measurements based on automatically detected and manually identified landmarks. The difference between the manual and automatic observation for each measurement was reported as an error. The highest mean error in the linear and angular measurements was found to be 2.63Â mm ([Formula: see text] distance) and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]-Me angle), respectively. The highest mean error in the group of distance ratios was 0.03 (for N-Me/N-ANS and [Formula: see text]). Cephalometric measurements computed from automatic detection of landmarks on 3D CBCT image were as accurate as those computed from manual identification.
PubMed, 1991
A cephalometric study was carried out among 25 male and 23 female subjects with excellent occlusi... more A cephalometric study was carried out among 25 male and 23 female subjects with excellent occlusion and good facial harmony. The vertical facial heights were measured separately for each sex. The following conclusions were arrived at: 1. There was a significant difference for both Anterior and Posterior Facial Heights between males and females, males having higher values than females. 2. The ratio of Upper Anterior Facial Height to Total Anterior Facial Height remained constant irrespective of the sex. The same ratio was observed on calculation of available data from earlier studies on North Indians and other Indian ethnic groups. This testified that the ratio of Upper Anterior Facial Height to Total Anterior Facial Height has an important contribution to the harmony of face. The ratio can be taken in account rather than absolute linear measurements when studying deviations of the face. 3. The ratio of Lower Posterior Facial Height to Total Posterior Facial Height was observed to remain constant (65%) irrespective of sex. This further emphasis, contribution of posterior Facial Height to excellence of facial harmony. 4. A significant difference was observed between males and females for the ratio of Total Anterior Facial Height to Total Posterior Facial Height. It seems that males have well developed Posterior Facial Height.
Angle Orthodontist, Mar 1, 2015
Objective: To evaluate the stress patterns in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during mandibular pro... more Objective: To evaluate the stress patterns in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during mandibular protraction at different horizontal advancements with constant vertical height in a construction bite using a three-dimensional finite element method. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional computer-aided model was developed from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a growing boy (age 12 years) using MIMICS software (version 7.0, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Stresses with constant vertical opening of 5 mm changing the sagittal advancements from 0 mm to 5 mm and 7.5 mm were recorded. Differences in magnitude and pattern of stresses were compared. Results: The tensile stresses in the posterosuperior aspect of the condylar head and on the posterior aspect of the glenoid fossa migrated posteriorly with increased bite advancements. The location of tensile stresses changed in the condylar head and fossa on mandibular protraction of 5 mm to 7 mm. Conclusion: This study indicates that larger horizontal advancements of construction bites may not be favorable for tissues of TMJ. Clinical application necessitates study on an animal model.
PubMed, 1994
The craniofacial patterns of 38 sets of parents who had children with cleft lip and/or cleft pala... more The craniofacial patterns of 38 sets of parents who had children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate anomalies (experimental group) were compared with the 24 sets of parents of healthy (noncleft) children (control group). Using a computerized program, 248 cephalograms (124 lateral and 124 frontal) were digitized and analyzed. The parents in the experimental group exhibited a distinct craniofacial morphology, including a significant decrease in upper anterior facial height (N-Ans) and total anterior face height (V-Gn). Anterior nasal spine (Ans) and maxillary alveolar process (A) were positioned more anteriorly and superiorly in the experimental group, which contributed to a significant increase in the length of the palate (Ans-Pns) and an anterosuperior rotation of the palatal plane. The cranial base angle in the experimental group was significantly obtuse and the articular angle was smaller than that of the controls. The counterclockwise rotation of the mandible was mitigated by a significant increase in the gonial angle. Parents in the experimental group also tended to have faces which were smaller in both transverse and vertical dimensions.
PubMed, Jan 6, 2016
An impacted maxillary incisor in the early mixed dentition can pose a clinical challenge for orth... more An impacted maxillary incisor in the early mixed dentition can pose a clinical challenge for orthodontists and pediatric dentists. Clinical observations supported with a 3-D imaging technique can help not only in assessing the precise location of the impacted tooth and its relation with neighboring teeth but also in correctly executing a treatment plan. The purpose of this paper is to describe the management of a severely rotated and horizontally impacted central incisor using intrabony rotation and simultaneous orthodontically-guided eruption. Timely intervention avoided disturbance in arch integrity and meticulous management helped to produce an excellent outcome in terms of function, esthetics, and stability of occlusion during two years of follow-up.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, May 1, 2012
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Papers by Prof. Om P Kharbanda