Human erythrocytes are in constant motion within the blood, therefore, they contact inevitably wi... more Human erythrocytes are in constant motion within the blood, therefore, they contact inevitably with factors such as different toxic substances, drugs, reactive oxygen species. This situation may lead to a decline in the life span of erythrocytes by disrupting their metabolism. In the present study, the effect of 7-Methoxyflavone (MP) and 7-Hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone (HNF) on erythrocytes exposed to oxidative damage with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has been investigated. The possible mitigating effect on the oxidative damage of these flavonoid derives have been tried to be revealed with biomarkers such as total superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese SOD (MnSOD) and cupper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation. H2O2 application caused serious decreases in TSOD and CAT enzyme activities as well as the band intensities of MnSOD and CuZnSOD isoenzymes in erythrocytes. In addition, this H2O2 increased critically the oxidative products of lipid peroxidation. MP and HNF treatment significantly reduced the level of lipid peroxidation by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities of erythrocytes in oxidative stress. As a result, it has been revealed that MP and HNF contributes to the attenuation of oxidative damage in human erythrocytes with its own antioxidant effect and/or by promoting antioxidant enzymes.
Melatonin has the ability to improve plant growth and strengthened plant tolerance to environment... more Melatonin has the ability to improve plant growth and strengthened plant tolerance to environmental stresses; however, the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial respiration in plants and the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of the study is to determine possible effects of melatonin on mitochondrial respiration and energy efficiency in maize leaves grown under optimum temperature and cold stress and to reveal the relationship between melatonin-induced possible alterations in mitochondrial respiration and cold tolerance. Melatonin and cold stress, alone and in combination, caused significant increases in activities and gene expressions of pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase, indicating an acceleration in the rate of tricarboxylic acid cycle. Total mitochondrial respiration rate, cytochrome pathway rate, and alternative respiration rate were increased by the application of melatonin and/or cold stress. Similarly, gene expression and protein levels of cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase were also enhanced by melatonin and/or cold stress. The highest values for all these parameters were obtained from the seedlings treated with the combined application of melatonin and cold stress. The activity and gene expression of ATP synthase and ATP concentration were augmented by melatonin under control and cold stress. On the other hand, cold stress reduced markedly plant growth parameters, including root length, plant height, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content and increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide and oxidative damage, including malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage level; however, melatonin significantly promoted the plant growth parameters and reduced ROS content and oxidative damage under control and cold stress. These data revealed that melatonin-induced growth promotion and cold tolerance in maize is associated with its modulating effect on mitochondrial respiration.
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, Mar 8, 2021
Free radicals (FRs) are formed in the high amounts result of the metabolic imbalance in cells and... more Free radicals (FRs) are formed in the high amounts result of the metabolic imbalance in cells and tissue. These radicals-induced oxidative damages constitute the basis of many diseases. Organisms have antioxidant defence systems (ADS) to eliminate the destructive effects of the oxidative damage. In addition to these antioxidant systems, dietary flavonoids have the antioxidant effect and the protective role against oxidative damage. In the present study, it was investigated whether a flavonoid derived diosmetin (10, 50, and 100 µM) have the elimination potential on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)induced oxidative damage in erythrocyte culture by using biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LP) level, catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and changes of SOD isozymes containing the manganese SOD (Mn SOD) and the cupper-zinc SOD (CuZn SOD). CAT, total SOD, Mn SOD and CuZn SOD activities showed a serious decline with H 2 O 2 treatment, but diosmetin addition significantly increased their activities. While the H 2 O 2 application critically increased LP products in erythrocytes, diosmetin considerably reduced these oxidative damage products. In conclusion, it has been determined that diosmetin can moderate oxidative damage in human erythrocytes by activating or protecting the ADS.
Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2016
Progesterone is associated with growth and development in plants as well as tolerance against env... more Progesterone is associated with growth and development in plants as well as tolerance against environmental stress. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of progesterone are not completely understood. In this study, the effects of progesterone on the mitochondrial respiratory pathway (MRP) were investigated in maize seedlings treated with cold stress. Cold stress significantly activated cytochrome pathway (CP) by 61 % and especially alternative respiratory pathway (AP) by 239 % compared with the control, ultimately resulting in an increase by 72 % in the total cellular respiratory rate (TCR). Progesterone alone enhanced CP by 15 %, AP by 59 % and TCR by 15 % compared with control seedlings, whereas the highest values for these parameters were recorded in seedlings subjected to cold plus progesterone. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is the terminal oxidase in the AP. An increase in the AOX gene transcript level was observed in response to cold stress and progesterone, mirroring the increase in AP rate. Meanwhile, AOX protein accumulation exhibited a positive correlation with the AOX gene transcript level. In accordance with the high AP activity, progesterone-treated seedlings exhibited low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and oxidative damage parameters, including electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Our data demonstrate that the mitigating role of progesterone against the effects of cold stress seems to be linked to the modulation of MRP.
Erratum Erratum to "Modulation of alternative oxidase to enhance tolerance against cold stress of... more Erratum Erratum to "Modulation of alternative oxidase to enhance tolerance against cold stress of chickpea by chemical treatments" [J. Plant Physiol. 175 (2015) 95-101]
This research was an attempt to study the effects of exogenous cysteine (Cys) on early seedling g... more This research was an attempt to study the effects of exogenous cysteine (Cys) on early seedling growth, amylase activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage of germinating barley seeds under salt stress (125 mmol l−1 NaCl). Salt stress markedly reduced root elongation and coleoptile growth; these changes could be alleviated by Cys application. Amylase activity exhibited results parallel to early seedling growth. The observed salinity-mediated reduction in amylase activity was markedly impeded by Cys. Isozyme profile confirmed the mitigating effect of Cys on salt-induced amylase inhibition. ROS production was significantly elevated under salt stress. Changes in lipid peroxidation level and DNA damage coincided with high levels of ROS. However, Cys significantly reduced salt-induced ROS production and mitigated oxidative damage to membranes and genetic material. This mitigating effect of Cys was related to low level of ROS as a conclusion its own antioxidant properties rather than its effect on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. We found that although Cys application resulted in different effects on antioxidant system in root and coleoptiles, it had partial reducing effect as compared to stressed seedlings in both organs (especially roots). These results were supported by the isozymes activity profiles. Despite the partial reduction determined in antioxidant system in Cys-applied seedlings, low ROS levels revealed that Cys decreases the need for activation of antioxidant system by acting as a ROS scavenger. The evidence from this study suggests that Cys alleviates salt-induced growth inhibition and suppresses oxidative damage in germinating barley seeds by modulating cellular redox status due to its own antioxidant property.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone, a mammalian sex hormone, on germin... more This study aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone, a mammalian sex hormone, on germination of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds exposed to salt stress. The exogenous addition of 10−6, 10−8 and 10−10 M progesterone to the stressing media in which bean seeds were germinated in combination with the salt (100 mM NaCl) stressor induced significant protective changes in the germination and early growth parameters. The mitigating effect of progesterone was evaluated by the measurement of radicle and plumule lengths, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT). In addition, it is the first study that exhibited changes in K/Na ratio. The obtained results showed that progesterone application stimulated germination and growth of salt-stressed seeds. Similarly, it stimulated significantly SOD, POX and CAT activities compared to both control and salt control. Salt stress significantly increased the lipid peroxidation compared to...
Bone powder (BP), a by-product of cattle slaughtering plants, consists of fat, protein, amino aci... more Bone powder (BP), a by-product of cattle slaughtering plants, consists of fat, protein, amino acids, inorganic elements and vitamins. It is used as bone meal in biomedical and feed industry because of its rich content. In addition, bone contains a large amount of inorganic elements especially calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), which the plants need to maintain their physiological and biochemical processes. BP has been used as Ca and P source in agriculture for many years; however, its effects on plant growth and development have not yet been studied in detail. The present study aimed to determine the effects of BP on dry weight and contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugar as indicators of physiological response in the leaves. For this purpose, bone powder solutions (BPS) were prepared at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and applied to growing media of the 10-day wheat seedlings. Afterward, the 14-day seedlings were harvested, and the effects of BPS on p...
The present study was performed to determine the changes in inorganic element content in barley l... more The present study was performed to determine the changes in inorganic element content in barley leaves of mammalian sex hormones (MSH). Barley leaves were sprayed with 10(-4), 10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12), 10(-15) M concentrations of progesterone, β-estradiol, and androsterone at 7th day after sowing. The plants were harvested at the end of 18 days after treatment with MSH solutions. The inorganic element concentrations were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique. Although the all MSH concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, manganese, aluminum, zinc, iron, potassium, and chlorine, it decreased those of sodium concentration in barley leaves. The maximum changes in the element concentrations were obtained at 10(-9) M for plant leaves treated with progesterone, 10(-6) M for plant leaves treated with β-estradiol and androsterone. The present study elucidated that MSH significantly (p < 0.05) affected the inorganic element concentrations in barley leaves.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs)... more The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs) on invertase activity and growth on different newly identified molds. The most positive effect of SMFs on invertase activity and growth was observed for Aspergillus niger OZ-3. The submerged production of invertase was performed with the spores obtained at the different exposure times (120, 144, 168, and 196 hr) and magnetic field intensities (0.45, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mT). The normal magnetic field of the laboratory was assayed as 0.45 mT (control). Optimization of magnetic field intensity and exposure time significantly increased biomass production and invertase activity compared to 0.45 mT. The maximum invertase activity (51.14 U/mL) and biomass concentration (4.36 g/L) were achieved with the spores obtained at the 144 hr exposure time and 5 mT magnetic field intensity. The effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs) on invertase activities of molds was investigated for the first time in the present study. As an additional contribution, a new hyper-invertase-producing mold strain was isolated.
Detoxified loquat kernel extract (DLKE) and neutralized loquat kernel extract (LKE) prepared from... more Detoxified loquat kernel extract (DLKE) and neutralized loquat kernel extract (LKE) prepared from waste loquat kernels were used as main carbon sources in the submerged and solid cultures of Morchella esculenta. LKE and DLKE were found to be good substrates as they resulted in mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) concentrations near to those obtained with malt extract (ME). In the production media prepared with ME, DLKE and LKE, the maximum biomass concentrations were 18.9, 16.7 and 14.6 g/L, and the maximum EPS concentrations were 5.3, 5.2 and 4.1 g/L, respectively. EPS produced by mushrooms has various biologic and pharmacologic activities, including antitumor, immunostimulating and hypoglycemic activities. On the other hand, mushroom mycelia produced by submerged fermentation have the potential to be used in the human diet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the usability of this waste material as a substrate in microbial culture media. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The hydrolyzate prepared from loquat kernel flour was used for the preparation of detoxified and neutralized extracts. Both extracts could be effectively used as a substrate in the submerged and solid cultures of Morchella esculenta; however, their usage in submerged culture will be more advantageous as submerged culture provides faster and more efficient production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) in mushrooms. The present study is very important for industrial, environmental and food microbiology as it proved that an agricultural origin-waste material could be effectively utilized as a substrate for the production of mycelial biomass and EPS in submerged culture of an edible mushroom.
This experiment was conducted to monitor the influence of foliar progesterone application on the ... more This experiment was conducted to monitor the influence of foliar progesterone application on the chilling tolerance of chickpea seedlings. Twelve-day-old chickpea seedlings were treated with 10-7 mol L-1 progesterone. After 12 h, the seedlings were exposed to day/night temperatures of 9/5°C for 72 h in a growth chamber. Chilling stress resulted in remarkable increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaicol peroxidase (POX), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase, as well as the level of antioxidant compounds like ascorbic acid, glutathione and proline. In a similar manner, chilling stress affected significantly oxidative stress indicators measured as superoxide production, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde contents. The values of these parameters were lesser in progesterone-applied seedlings that were associated with higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and greater levels of antioxidant compounds in these seedlings. A highly significant correlation was recorded between SOD, POX and APX activities and their isozymes. This correlation confirmed enhanced activities of these enzymes. In addition, progesterone application ameliorated chilling-induced decrease in relative leaf water content (RLWC) and chlorophyll content. Freezing tolerance, showed by thermal analysis method, proved that progesterone application improved chilling tolerance of chickpea seedlings by lowering freezing point from-4 to-5.5°C. It is possible that chilling tolerance induced by progesterone is related to elevation of RLWC, chlorophyll content and antioxidative activity, and thereby decrease in oxidative stress indicators. Keywords Chilling stress Á Progesterone Á Chickpea Á Antioxidative system Á Isozymes Á Thermal analysis Communicated by W. Filek.
Third International Conference on Advances in Bio-Informatics and Environmental Engineering - ICABEE 2015, Dec 11, 2015
To determine the effects of estrone on the ability of plants to tolerate boron toxicity, estrone ... more To determine the effects of estrone on the ability of plants to tolerate boron toxicity, estrone (0.01 µM) and boron (5 mM H 3 BO 3), singly or in combination, were exogenously applied to 11-d-wheat seedlings and 3 days later from treatments, they were harvested to determine many parameters. Boron toxicity caused to remarkable reductions on the root and shoot lengths. Besides, it led to a marked decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as an decrease in the level of soluble protein and photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll and carotene. Thus, boron toxicity bring about a significant oxidative injury by increasing levels of the superoxide anion (O 2-.), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas estrone was able to reduce the boron-induced oxidative damage and improved the antioxidant system. Moreover, the effects of boron toxicity on genetic material were also determined using the RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technique. While boron led to DNA damage in wheat seedlings, estrone significantly mitigated this damage. Element analysis demonstrated that estrone did not prevent boron uptake by roots, whereas it did stimulate the transportation of lead from roots to leaves. Taken together, our data demonstrate a versatile manner for the first time that estrone-induced boron tolerance is associated with many biochemical and molecular mechanisms, including the antioxidant system, ROS detoxification, modulation of uptake and transportation of boron and protection of genetic material.
Human erythrocytes are in constant motion within the blood, therefore, they contact inevitably wi... more Human erythrocytes are in constant motion within the blood, therefore, they contact inevitably with factors such as different toxic substances, drugs, reactive oxygen species. This situation may lead to a decline in the life span of erythrocytes by disrupting their metabolism. In the present study, the effect of 7-Methoxyflavone (MP) and 7-Hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone (HNF) on erythrocytes exposed to oxidative damage with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has been investigated. The possible mitigating effect on the oxidative damage of these flavonoid derives have been tried to be revealed with biomarkers such as total superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese SOD (MnSOD) and cupper-zinc SOD (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation. H2O2 application caused serious decreases in TSOD and CAT enzyme activities as well as the band intensities of MnSOD and CuZnSOD isoenzymes in erythrocytes. In addition, this H2O2 increased critically the oxidative products of lipid peroxidation. MP and HNF treatment significantly reduced the level of lipid peroxidation by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities of erythrocytes in oxidative stress. As a result, it has been revealed that MP and HNF contributes to the attenuation of oxidative damage in human erythrocytes with its own antioxidant effect and/or by promoting antioxidant enzymes.
Melatonin has the ability to improve plant growth and strengthened plant tolerance to environment... more Melatonin has the ability to improve plant growth and strengthened plant tolerance to environmental stresses; however, the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial respiration in plants and the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of the study is to determine possible effects of melatonin on mitochondrial respiration and energy efficiency in maize leaves grown under optimum temperature and cold stress and to reveal the relationship between melatonin-induced possible alterations in mitochondrial respiration and cold tolerance. Melatonin and cold stress, alone and in combination, caused significant increases in activities and gene expressions of pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase, indicating an acceleration in the rate of tricarboxylic acid cycle. Total mitochondrial respiration rate, cytochrome pathway rate, and alternative respiration rate were increased by the application of melatonin and/or cold stress. Similarly, gene expression and protein levels of cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase were also enhanced by melatonin and/or cold stress. The highest values for all these parameters were obtained from the seedlings treated with the combined application of melatonin and cold stress. The activity and gene expression of ATP synthase and ATP concentration were augmented by melatonin under control and cold stress. On the other hand, cold stress reduced markedly plant growth parameters, including root length, plant height, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content and increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide and oxidative damage, including malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage level; however, melatonin significantly promoted the plant growth parameters and reduced ROS content and oxidative damage under control and cold stress. These data revealed that melatonin-induced growth promotion and cold tolerance in maize is associated with its modulating effect on mitochondrial respiration.
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, Mar 8, 2021
Free radicals (FRs) are formed in the high amounts result of the metabolic imbalance in cells and... more Free radicals (FRs) are formed in the high amounts result of the metabolic imbalance in cells and tissue. These radicals-induced oxidative damages constitute the basis of many diseases. Organisms have antioxidant defence systems (ADS) to eliminate the destructive effects of the oxidative damage. In addition to these antioxidant systems, dietary flavonoids have the antioxidant effect and the protective role against oxidative damage. In the present study, it was investigated whether a flavonoid derived diosmetin (10, 50, and 100 µM) have the elimination potential on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)induced oxidative damage in erythrocyte culture by using biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation (LP) level, catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and changes of SOD isozymes containing the manganese SOD (Mn SOD) and the cupper-zinc SOD (CuZn SOD). CAT, total SOD, Mn SOD and CuZn SOD activities showed a serious decline with H 2 O 2 treatment, but diosmetin addition significantly increased their activities. While the H 2 O 2 application critically increased LP products in erythrocytes, diosmetin considerably reduced these oxidative damage products. In conclusion, it has been determined that diosmetin can moderate oxidative damage in human erythrocytes by activating or protecting the ADS.
Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 2016
Progesterone is associated with growth and development in plants as well as tolerance against env... more Progesterone is associated with growth and development in plants as well as tolerance against environmental stress. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of progesterone are not completely understood. In this study, the effects of progesterone on the mitochondrial respiratory pathway (MRP) were investigated in maize seedlings treated with cold stress. Cold stress significantly activated cytochrome pathway (CP) by 61 % and especially alternative respiratory pathway (AP) by 239 % compared with the control, ultimately resulting in an increase by 72 % in the total cellular respiratory rate (TCR). Progesterone alone enhanced CP by 15 %, AP by 59 % and TCR by 15 % compared with control seedlings, whereas the highest values for these parameters were recorded in seedlings subjected to cold plus progesterone. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is the terminal oxidase in the AP. An increase in the AOX gene transcript level was observed in response to cold stress and progesterone, mirroring the increase in AP rate. Meanwhile, AOX protein accumulation exhibited a positive correlation with the AOX gene transcript level. In accordance with the high AP activity, progesterone-treated seedlings exhibited low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and oxidative damage parameters, including electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Our data demonstrate that the mitigating role of progesterone against the effects of cold stress seems to be linked to the modulation of MRP.
Erratum Erratum to "Modulation of alternative oxidase to enhance tolerance against cold stress of... more Erratum Erratum to "Modulation of alternative oxidase to enhance tolerance against cold stress of chickpea by chemical treatments" [J. Plant Physiol. 175 (2015) 95-101]
This research was an attempt to study the effects of exogenous cysteine (Cys) on early seedling g... more This research was an attempt to study the effects of exogenous cysteine (Cys) on early seedling growth, amylase activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage of germinating barley seeds under salt stress (125 mmol l−1 NaCl). Salt stress markedly reduced root elongation and coleoptile growth; these changes could be alleviated by Cys application. Amylase activity exhibited results parallel to early seedling growth. The observed salinity-mediated reduction in amylase activity was markedly impeded by Cys. Isozyme profile confirmed the mitigating effect of Cys on salt-induced amylase inhibition. ROS production was significantly elevated under salt stress. Changes in lipid peroxidation level and DNA damage coincided with high levels of ROS. However, Cys significantly reduced salt-induced ROS production and mitigated oxidative damage to membranes and genetic material. This mitigating effect of Cys was related to low level of ROS as a conclusion its own antioxidant properties rather than its effect on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. We found that although Cys application resulted in different effects on antioxidant system in root and coleoptiles, it had partial reducing effect as compared to stressed seedlings in both organs (especially roots). These results were supported by the isozymes activity profiles. Despite the partial reduction determined in antioxidant system in Cys-applied seedlings, low ROS levels revealed that Cys decreases the need for activation of antioxidant system by acting as a ROS scavenger. The evidence from this study suggests that Cys alleviates salt-induced growth inhibition and suppresses oxidative damage in germinating barley seeds by modulating cellular redox status due to its own antioxidant property.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone, a mammalian sex hormone, on germin... more This study aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone, a mammalian sex hormone, on germination of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds exposed to salt stress. The exogenous addition of 10−6, 10−8 and 10−10 M progesterone to the stressing media in which bean seeds were germinated in combination with the salt (100 mM NaCl) stressor induced significant protective changes in the germination and early growth parameters. The mitigating effect of progesterone was evaluated by the measurement of radicle and plumule lengths, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT). In addition, it is the first study that exhibited changes in K/Na ratio. The obtained results showed that progesterone application stimulated germination and growth of salt-stressed seeds. Similarly, it stimulated significantly SOD, POX and CAT activities compared to both control and salt control. Salt stress significantly increased the lipid peroxidation compared to...
Bone powder (BP), a by-product of cattle slaughtering plants, consists of fat, protein, amino aci... more Bone powder (BP), a by-product of cattle slaughtering plants, consists of fat, protein, amino acids, inorganic elements and vitamins. It is used as bone meal in biomedical and feed industry because of its rich content. In addition, bone contains a large amount of inorganic elements especially calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), which the plants need to maintain their physiological and biochemical processes. BP has been used as Ca and P source in agriculture for many years; however, its effects on plant growth and development have not yet been studied in detail. The present study aimed to determine the effects of BP on dry weight and contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein and sugar as indicators of physiological response in the leaves. For this purpose, bone powder solutions (BPS) were prepared at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and applied to growing media of the 10-day wheat seedlings. Afterward, the 14-day seedlings were harvested, and the effects of BPS on p...
The present study was performed to determine the changes in inorganic element content in barley l... more The present study was performed to determine the changes in inorganic element content in barley leaves of mammalian sex hormones (MSH). Barley leaves were sprayed with 10(-4), 10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12), 10(-15) M concentrations of progesterone, β-estradiol, and androsterone at 7th day after sowing. The plants were harvested at the end of 18 days after treatment with MSH solutions. The inorganic element concentrations were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique. Although the all MSH concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, manganese, aluminum, zinc, iron, potassium, and chlorine, it decreased those of sodium concentration in barley leaves. The maximum changes in the element concentrations were obtained at 10(-9) M for plant leaves treated with progesterone, 10(-6) M for plant leaves treated with β-estradiol and androsterone. The present study elucidated that MSH significantly (p < 0.05) affected the inorganic element concentrations in barley leaves.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs)... more The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs) on invertase activity and growth on different newly identified molds. The most positive effect of SMFs on invertase activity and growth was observed for Aspergillus niger OZ-3. The submerged production of invertase was performed with the spores obtained at the different exposure times (120, 144, 168, and 196 hr) and magnetic field intensities (0.45, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mT). The normal magnetic field of the laboratory was assayed as 0.45 mT (control). Optimization of magnetic field intensity and exposure time significantly increased biomass production and invertase activity compared to 0.45 mT. The maximum invertase activity (51.14 U/mL) and biomass concentration (4.36 g/L) were achieved with the spores obtained at the 144 hr exposure time and 5 mT magnetic field intensity. The effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs) on invertase activities of molds was investigated for the first time in the present study. As an additional contribution, a new hyper-invertase-producing mold strain was isolated.
Detoxified loquat kernel extract (DLKE) and neutralized loquat kernel extract (LKE) prepared from... more Detoxified loquat kernel extract (DLKE) and neutralized loquat kernel extract (LKE) prepared from waste loquat kernels were used as main carbon sources in the submerged and solid cultures of Morchella esculenta. LKE and DLKE were found to be good substrates as they resulted in mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) concentrations near to those obtained with malt extract (ME). In the production media prepared with ME, DLKE and LKE, the maximum biomass concentrations were 18.9, 16.7 and 14.6 g/L, and the maximum EPS concentrations were 5.3, 5.2 and 4.1 g/L, respectively. EPS produced by mushrooms has various biologic and pharmacologic activities, including antitumor, immunostimulating and hypoglycemic activities. On the other hand, mushroom mycelia produced by submerged fermentation have the potential to be used in the human diet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the usability of this waste material as a substrate in microbial culture media. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The hydrolyzate prepared from loquat kernel flour was used for the preparation of detoxified and neutralized extracts. Both extracts could be effectively used as a substrate in the submerged and solid cultures of Morchella esculenta; however, their usage in submerged culture will be more advantageous as submerged culture provides faster and more efficient production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide (EPS) in mushrooms. The present study is very important for industrial, environmental and food microbiology as it proved that an agricultural origin-waste material could be effectively utilized as a substrate for the production of mycelial biomass and EPS in submerged culture of an edible mushroom.
This experiment was conducted to monitor the influence of foliar progesterone application on the ... more This experiment was conducted to monitor the influence of foliar progesterone application on the chilling tolerance of chickpea seedlings. Twelve-day-old chickpea seedlings were treated with 10-7 mol L-1 progesterone. After 12 h, the seedlings were exposed to day/night temperatures of 9/5°C for 72 h in a growth chamber. Chilling stress resulted in remarkable increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaicol peroxidase (POX), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase, as well as the level of antioxidant compounds like ascorbic acid, glutathione and proline. In a similar manner, chilling stress affected significantly oxidative stress indicators measured as superoxide production, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde contents. The values of these parameters were lesser in progesterone-applied seedlings that were associated with higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and greater levels of antioxidant compounds in these seedlings. A highly significant correlation was recorded between SOD, POX and APX activities and their isozymes. This correlation confirmed enhanced activities of these enzymes. In addition, progesterone application ameliorated chilling-induced decrease in relative leaf water content (RLWC) and chlorophyll content. Freezing tolerance, showed by thermal analysis method, proved that progesterone application improved chilling tolerance of chickpea seedlings by lowering freezing point from-4 to-5.5°C. It is possible that chilling tolerance induced by progesterone is related to elevation of RLWC, chlorophyll content and antioxidative activity, and thereby decrease in oxidative stress indicators. Keywords Chilling stress Á Progesterone Á Chickpea Á Antioxidative system Á Isozymes Á Thermal analysis Communicated by W. Filek.
Third International Conference on Advances in Bio-Informatics and Environmental Engineering - ICABEE 2015, Dec 11, 2015
To determine the effects of estrone on the ability of plants to tolerate boron toxicity, estrone ... more To determine the effects of estrone on the ability of plants to tolerate boron toxicity, estrone (0.01 µM) and boron (5 mM H 3 BO 3), singly or in combination, were exogenously applied to 11-d-wheat seedlings and 3 days later from treatments, they were harvested to determine many parameters. Boron toxicity caused to remarkable reductions on the root and shoot lengths. Besides, it led to a marked decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as an decrease in the level of soluble protein and photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll and carotene. Thus, boron toxicity bring about a significant oxidative injury by increasing levels of the superoxide anion (O 2-.), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas estrone was able to reduce the boron-induced oxidative damage and improved the antioxidant system. Moreover, the effects of boron toxicity on genetic material were also determined using the RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technique. While boron led to DNA damage in wheat seedlings, estrone significantly mitigated this damage. Element analysis demonstrated that estrone did not prevent boron uptake by roots, whereas it did stimulate the transportation of lead from roots to leaves. Taken together, our data demonstrate a versatile manner for the first time that estrone-induced boron tolerance is associated with many biochemical and molecular mechanisms, including the antioxidant system, ROS detoxification, modulation of uptake and transportation of boron and protection of genetic material.
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