Papers by Daniel G . Kebede
The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) is an atypical peace support operation (PSO) that h... more The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) is an atypical peace support operation (PSO) that has evolved sui generis and continues to chart its own trajectory politically and militarily. With a view to contributing to the African Union (AU) Commission’s policymaking process and articulation of its PSO doctrine, this article examines AMISOM’s various distinct features, especially as they relate to the mandating process, mission support arrangements, and interactions with the Somali National Security Forces (SNSF). The article argues that there is a clear need for the AU to articulate a PSO doctrine appropriate to the types of missions which the AU undertakes, both now and in the near future. AMISOM’s initial mandating process was event- driven rather than context-driven, and the mission operated was based on a logistic supply arrangement that was at times not in sync with its overall operational demands. While the mission has multifaceted interactions with the SNSF, the interplay was fragmented, not least due to a multiplicity of actors and interests. A reading of the AMISOM experience underlines that the design of the AU’s contemporary peace missions’ doctrine should be centred on an integrated and mutually- reinforcing relationship among operations, institution-building, logistical support, and politics.
This paper examines the dearth of the contemporary international and national intervention in bui... more This paper examines the dearth of the contemporary international and national intervention in building legitimate and capable state in Somalia, and provides possible policy recommendations. To this end, qualitative data collected through in-depth interview, observation and document review was used for this analysis. The finding of this study reveals that the multiplicity of local, national and international actors with divergence interest at all levels has resulted in the formation of flawed state and fragmented security forces. In addition, lacks of inclusiveness, absence of legitimate reconciliation and restorative justice have attributed to a gloomy state building. Hence, this paper suggests that grass-root reconciliation and restorative justice, as a means to building confidence and trust among the communities, has to be the center to the building of functional state and security institutions. Various actors operating in Somalia at all levels should also reconcile their divergent interest towards the needs and benefits of the Somali people.
Community policing (CP) is an enduring appeal that promotes community partnership and problem sol... more Community policing (CP) is an enduring appeal that promotes community partnership and problem solving approaches to resolve community problems. This paper examines the comprehensiveness and viability of CP in transcending the underlying causes of conflicts and transgressions to the
maintenance of peace and order in Addis Ababa. The study used in-depth interview and document analysis as data gathering instruments and analyzed using prescription and thematic categorization. The results of this study reveal that the introduction of CP where it is implemented effectively has
reduced transgression. It also attempted to use a proactive, interactive and coactive approach of local community participation at multi-layers to sustain peace. In addition, it used approaches such as dialogues, education, law enforcement, restorative justice mechanisms, and introduction of some specific focused programs to enhance the effectiveness of CP. However, CP has been inadequately
implementing in Addis Ababa due to the reason that it is misconceived and misapplied. And, it is characterized by containment-focused approach than Attitude and structure focused approaches. Moreover, AAPC failed to adopt multifaceted and integrated approaches and strategies that
emphasize the long-term vision. As a result, its implementation lacks comprehensiveness and sustainability to transcend violence.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the interoperability and harmonization of the African Sta... more The purpose of this paper is to examine the interoperability and harmonization of the African Standby Force (ASF) Doctrine with the UN Peacekeeping Operation. It also investigates the
doctrinal gaps of the ASF that affect the capability of the AU in managing conflict in the continent. This study used secondary source of data and analyzed the data using thick prescription. The results of the study revealed that the ASF doctrine incorporates war-fighting, which extends the
spectrum beyond the UN peacekeeping doctrine. It also restricts the scope of the African Standby Force’s mandates by eliminating the reintegration component included in the DDR activity of the UN peacekeeping missions. In addition, the inclination to promote their own national doctrine and
limited commanding powers and complex relationship between the AUPSD and the national troops in the mission area, widened the doctrinal gaps. Hence, ASF Doctrine lacks interoperability and the harmonization to the regional and national peace support operation doctrines.
The collapse of the Somali central government and the ensuing anarchy resulted in major insecurit... more The collapse of the Somali central government and the ensuing anarchy resulted in major insecurity that compelled the indigenous population to seek alternative means to safeguard its livelihood. This led to the proliferation of non-state security
actors, the rise in their legitimacy, and the emergence of hybridized security sector governance. This paper argues for the use of hybridized security governance to consolidate peace and state building in contemporary Somalia and gives insight into how neighboring countries and the international community might support Somali efforts to preserve peace. It suggests that the Somalia Federal Government should
decentralize security sector governance and integrate traditional justice remedies and local militias into the governance structure with well-articulated roles and a system of accountability.
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Papers by Daniel G . Kebede
maintenance of peace and order in Addis Ababa. The study used in-depth interview and document analysis as data gathering instruments and analyzed using prescription and thematic categorization. The results of this study reveal that the introduction of CP where it is implemented effectively has
reduced transgression. It also attempted to use a proactive, interactive and coactive approach of local community participation at multi-layers to sustain peace. In addition, it used approaches such as dialogues, education, law enforcement, restorative justice mechanisms, and introduction of some specific focused programs to enhance the effectiveness of CP. However, CP has been inadequately
implementing in Addis Ababa due to the reason that it is misconceived and misapplied. And, it is characterized by containment-focused approach than Attitude and structure focused approaches. Moreover, AAPC failed to adopt multifaceted and integrated approaches and strategies that
emphasize the long-term vision. As a result, its implementation lacks comprehensiveness and sustainability to transcend violence.
doctrinal gaps of the ASF that affect the capability of the AU in managing conflict in the continent. This study used secondary source of data and analyzed the data using thick prescription. The results of the study revealed that the ASF doctrine incorporates war-fighting, which extends the
spectrum beyond the UN peacekeeping doctrine. It also restricts the scope of the African Standby Force’s mandates by eliminating the reintegration component included in the DDR activity of the UN peacekeeping missions. In addition, the inclination to promote their own national doctrine and
limited commanding powers and complex relationship between the AUPSD and the national troops in the mission area, widened the doctrinal gaps. Hence, ASF Doctrine lacks interoperability and the harmonization to the regional and national peace support operation doctrines.
actors, the rise in their legitimacy, and the emergence of hybridized security sector governance. This paper argues for the use of hybridized security governance to consolidate peace and state building in contemporary Somalia and gives insight into how neighboring countries and the international community might support Somali efforts to preserve peace. It suggests that the Somalia Federal Government should
decentralize security sector governance and integrate traditional justice remedies and local militias into the governance structure with well-articulated roles and a system of accountability.
maintenance of peace and order in Addis Ababa. The study used in-depth interview and document analysis as data gathering instruments and analyzed using prescription and thematic categorization. The results of this study reveal that the introduction of CP where it is implemented effectively has
reduced transgression. It also attempted to use a proactive, interactive and coactive approach of local community participation at multi-layers to sustain peace. In addition, it used approaches such as dialogues, education, law enforcement, restorative justice mechanisms, and introduction of some specific focused programs to enhance the effectiveness of CP. However, CP has been inadequately
implementing in Addis Ababa due to the reason that it is misconceived and misapplied. And, it is characterized by containment-focused approach than Attitude and structure focused approaches. Moreover, AAPC failed to adopt multifaceted and integrated approaches and strategies that
emphasize the long-term vision. As a result, its implementation lacks comprehensiveness and sustainability to transcend violence.
doctrinal gaps of the ASF that affect the capability of the AU in managing conflict in the continent. This study used secondary source of data and analyzed the data using thick prescription. The results of the study revealed that the ASF doctrine incorporates war-fighting, which extends the
spectrum beyond the UN peacekeeping doctrine. It also restricts the scope of the African Standby Force’s mandates by eliminating the reintegration component included in the DDR activity of the UN peacekeeping missions. In addition, the inclination to promote their own national doctrine and
limited commanding powers and complex relationship between the AUPSD and the national troops in the mission area, widened the doctrinal gaps. Hence, ASF Doctrine lacks interoperability and the harmonization to the regional and national peace support operation doctrines.
actors, the rise in their legitimacy, and the emergence of hybridized security sector governance. This paper argues for the use of hybridized security governance to consolidate peace and state building in contemporary Somalia and gives insight into how neighboring countries and the international community might support Somali efforts to preserve peace. It suggests that the Somalia Federal Government should
decentralize security sector governance and integrate traditional justice remedies and local militias into the governance structure with well-articulated roles and a system of accountability.