This paper presents a systematic heuristic framework to assist process designers and engineers in... more This paper presents a systematic heuristic framework to assist process designers and engineers in assessing inherent occupational health during process development and design. Different methods for inherent occupational health assessment are available and can be selected based on the availability of the most comprehensive data at the stage of the assessment. A more detailed and accurate assessment can be performed in the process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) stage via the Occupational Health Index method (OHI) due to the availability of more precise data on the process (i.e., detailed piping, instruments and equipment). In the event of P&ID is not available, Health Quotient Index (HQI) method can be adopted to assess chronic inhalative health risk due to fugitive emission from process components (e.g., valve, flange, etc.) in the stage where process flow sheet diagrams (PFDs) are already generated. A qualitative health assessment can be conducted using the Inherent Occupation...
Power and heat are the primary energies for the industry and communities. Combined heat and power... more Power and heat are the primary energies for the industry and communities. Combined heat and power (CHP) is a process of heat and power cogeneration, which is designed to meet the needs of both users. In previous studies of emergy analysis on CHP, the transformity was simply calculated by dividing the total emergy input by the amount of production. The result always showed that transformity of electricity is lower than the transformity of steam, which is not logical since electricity is thermodynamically higher value energy than heat. Neither can it illustrate that the co-production process is more efficient than an independent one because The efficiency of co-production is calculated by considering the available energy of the two products together and comparing it with the available energy of the electricity only in another plant. According to emergy analysis rules, the emergy is thought to be the energy history that cannot be separated for inseparable co-production. However, if the...
Industrial design or R&D project can be understood as series of decisions. A method for project a... more Industrial design or R&D project can be understood as series of decisions. A method for project administration, based on a detailed decision analysis, is presented. In addition to conventional project management, the approach helps to take into account unique features of a project and to improve the methodological performance.
An index based method for estimating the effect of process configuration on inherent safety has b... more An index based method for estimating the effect of process configuration on inherent safety has been presented. Process configuration means which operations are involved in the process and how they are connected together. An inherently safe process structure is not possible to define by explicit rules, but one has to rely on standards, recommendations and accident reports. When problem solving is based on experience it is possible to use case-based reasoning. Therefore CBR was employed for determining the value of safe process structure subindex. For this purpose a casebase of accident cases and recommended designs was created. A case can be retrieved on five levels of aggregation (from process to detail) from the casebase to ensure the relevancy of retrieved information in various phases of preliminary process design.
This paper presents a systematic heuristic framework to assist process designers and engineers in... more This paper presents a systematic heuristic framework to assist process designers and engineers in assessing inherent occupational health during process development and design. Different methods for inherent occupational health assessment are available and can be selected based on the availability of the most comprehensive data at the stage of the assessment. A more detailed and accurate assessment can be performed in the process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) stage via the Occupational Health Index method (OHI) due to the availability of more precise data on the process (i.e., detailed piping, instruments and equipment). In the event of P&ID is not available, Health Quotient Index (HQI) method can be adopted to assess chronic inhalative health risk due to fugitive emission from process components (e.g., valve, flange, etc.) in the stage where process flow sheet diagrams (PFDs) are already generated. A qualitative health assessment can be conducted using the Inherent Occupation...
Power and heat are the primary energies for the industry and communities. Combined heat and power... more Power and heat are the primary energies for the industry and communities. Combined heat and power (CHP) is a process of heat and power cogeneration, which is designed to meet the needs of both users. In previous studies of emergy analysis on CHP, the transformity was simply calculated by dividing the total emergy input by the amount of production. The result always showed that transformity of electricity is lower than the transformity of steam, which is not logical since electricity is thermodynamically higher value energy than heat. Neither can it illustrate that the co-production process is more efficient than an independent one because The efficiency of co-production is calculated by considering the available energy of the two products together and comparing it with the available energy of the electricity only in another plant. According to emergy analysis rules, the emergy is thought to be the energy history that cannot be separated for inseparable co-production. However, if the...
Industrial design or R&D project can be understood as series of decisions. A method for project a... more Industrial design or R&D project can be understood as series of decisions. A method for project administration, based on a detailed decision analysis, is presented. In addition to conventional project management, the approach helps to take into account unique features of a project and to improve the methodological performance.
An index based method for estimating the effect of process configuration on inherent safety has b... more An index based method for estimating the effect of process configuration on inherent safety has been presented. Process configuration means which operations are involved in the process and how they are connected together. An inherently safe process structure is not possible to define by explicit rules, but one has to rely on standards, recommendations and accident reports. When problem solving is based on experience it is possible to use case-based reasoning. Therefore CBR was employed for determining the value of safe process structure subindex. For this purpose a casebase of accident cases and recommended designs was created. A case can be retrieved on five levels of aggregation (from process to detail) from the casebase to ensure the relevancy of retrieved information in various phases of preliminary process design.
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Papers by Markku Hurme